Ch. 3 Terms

characteristics of an effective presentation

1. effective delivery seems natural and uncontrived. 2. effective delivery helps the audience to listen to, understand, remember, and act on the speech. 3. effective delivery builds a sense of community between speaker and audience.

problems with pausing

1. pausing too often 2. pausing at the wrong places 3. not pausing long enough 4. using vocalized pauses

body during a presentation

1. physical appearance: avoid doing anything that will make you seem unprepared, incomplete, or unreliable. 2. before you speak: consider the speaking space, like the podium and what to wear. 3. approaching speaking space 4. clothing and grooming: affects your ethos

extemporaneous presentation

a mode of presentation; prepared and rehearsed but is neither written out nor memorized.

impromptu presentation

a mode of presentation; the speaker has done little or no specific preparation for the speech.

memorized presentation

a mode of presentation; the speaker pays close attention to a prepared text and commits it to memory.

manuscript presentation

a mode of presentation; the speaker reads aloud the prepared text of the speech.

dialect

a pronunciation pattern that characterizes a particular geographic area, economic or social class, or cultural factors.

monotone

a very narrow, unchanging pitch range.

empathy

feeling what listeners feel and knowing that they think.

eye contact

looking directly at members of the audience

volume

loudness of voice. the higher, the louder the voice. how loud depends on the size and shape of setting.

vocalized pauses

pauses filled with sound, such as "um" or "uh".

pauses

periods of brief silence within a speech. message is one of completeness and transition.

articulation

precision and clarity in the production of individual vocal sounds.

enunciation

precision and distinctness in SOUNDING whole words. "What are you doing?" instead of "Whatcha doing?"

inflection

pronunciation pattern for a sentence as a whole.

gesture

refers to the movement of hands and arms during a speech as means of emphasis.

relaxation step

returning the hangs to a normal relaxed position at the conclusion of a gesture.

pronunciation

sounding of a word in the accepted way.

implementation step

the execution of a gesture, raising the hand and moving it in the intended manner.

anticipation step

the first step of a gesture; involves bringing the hands into a position from which the gesture can be made.

pitch

the placement of the voice on the musical scale, ranging from high to low. --low: possible but uncomfortable --medium low: comfortable for variation --medium: normal --medium high: comfortable for variation --high: possible but uncomfortable

delivery

the presentation of the speech, using the voice and body to create the desired effect.

rate

the speed at which a person speaks, measured in words per minute. -two factors in connection with pitch: 1. stress: ( ) goes up when a person is under stress. 2. variety: monotonous, unchanging ( ) can displease listeners.