Ch. 3 Test: Federalism (MC)

Why did many states oppose the American's with Disabilities Act? a. Because it was an unfunded mandate. b. Because the matching funds provided by the federal government were not enough to pay for compliance with the law. c. Because they did not agree with the goal of providing the disabled with access to government buildings. d. Because helping people with disabilities is a state, rather than a federal, issue.

a. Because it was an unfunded mandate.

Which constitutional provision has expanded the federal government in regulating privately owned businesses? a. Commerce clause b. Tenth Amendment c. Full faith and credit clause d. Power to lay and collect taxes

a. Commerce clause

The Necessary and Proper Clause is also known as the a. Elastic clause b. Expressed clause c. Implied clause d. The general practice clause of Congress

a. Elastic clause

Which of the following explain why devolution has not been successful? I. The dependence of local governments on federal money. II. The unwillingness of states to assume fiscal and substantive responsibility for policy areas. III. The federal government's reluctance to give states policy responsibility. IV. The Supreme Court's holding various devolution policies unconstitutional. a. I and II b. II and III c. I, III, and IV d. I, II, and III

a. I and II

What case established that the necessary and proper clause could be used to extend the national government's power beyond its expressed authority? a. McCulloch v. Maryland b. Marbury v. Madison c. Gitlow v. New York d. Gibbons v. Ogden e. Barron v. Baltimore

a. McCulloch v. Maryland

The reserved powers of the state governments can be described as those powers a. Not specifically granted to the national government or denied to the states. b. Implied in the Fifth Amendment. c. Listed specifically in the Tenth Amendment d. Exercised by both national and state governments

a. Not specifically granted to the national government or denied to the states.

In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court established which of the following principles a. States cannot interfere with or tax the legitimate activities of the federal government b. The judicial branch cannot intervene in political disputes between the President and Congress c. The federal Bill of Rights places no limitations on the states d. The federal government has the power to regulate commerce

a. States cannot interfere with or tax the legitimate activities of the federal government

Which of the following constitutional provisions has been used to strengthen state powers? a. Tenth Amendment b. Full faith and credit clause c. Necessary and proper clause d. Privilege and immunities clause

a. Tenth Amendment

In United States v. Lopez, the Supreme Court ruled that a. The Gun Free School Zone Act exceeded Congress' constitutional authority to regulate interstate commerce b. The Gun Free School Zone Act violated the Second Amendment c. Congress cannot require local officials to conduct background checks for gun purchases d. The Gun Free School Zone Act was a necessary and proper use of commerce power

a. The Gun Free School Zone Act exceeded Congress' constitutional authority to regulate interstate commerce

In contrast with federalism, the United Nations has no strong central governing body, and its power is derived from its individual member states. It most closely follows which type of government? a. confederation b. direct democracy c. republic d. monarchy

a. confederation

A federal grant designed for a specific purpose by federal law is called a. A project enhancement grant b. A categorical grant c. A block grant d. A land grant

b. A categorical grant

One reason the Framers established a federal system was to a. Centralize power b. Allay the fear of tyranny from the states c. To create a unitary system d. Create devolution

b. Allay the fear of tyranny from the states

An important outcome of Marshall's ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) was to a. Place limits on the constitutional powers granted to Congress by refusing McCulloch's appeal b. Confirm the supremacy of the federal government in the exercise of the constitutional powers granted to Congress c. Protect newspaper editors who publish stories critical to the federal government d. Give greater power to the states in taxing agents of the federal government, including banks

b. Confirm the supremacy of the federal government in the exercise of the constitutional powers granted to Congress

The Framers intended to create which type of national government? a. Confederal b. Decentralized c. Independent d. Subordinate

b. Decentralized

1950 - 2.3 - 10.4 - 5.3 1960 - 7.0 - 14.6 - 7.6 1970 - 24.1 - 19.2 - 12.3 1980 - 91.5 - 25.8 - 15.5 1990 - 135.4 - 20.0 - 11.0 1994 - 210.6 - 24.0 - 14.4 Which of the following statements can be supported from information in the table above? I. Federal grants to state and local governments have increased substantially in total dollar amount since 1950. II. In 1994 the federal government devoted a larger percentage of outlays to grants than in 1980. III. Between 1980 and 1990, grants decreased as a percentage of federal outlays. IV. In 1994 states were more dependent on federal grants for revenue than in 1990, 1970, or 1960. a. IV only b. I and III only c. II and III only d. I, III, and IV only

b. I and III only

John Marshall was the first chief justice of the supreme Court to greatly enlarge the powers of the a. Bureaucracy b. National government c. States d. President

b. National government

The doctrine of "separate but equal" referred to which of the following Supreme Court decisions? a. Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857 b. Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 c. United States v. Lopez, 1995 d. Marbury v. Madison, 1803

b. Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896

Which of the following actions by the federal government best illustrates the concept of unfunded mandates? a. Requiring that polling booths remain open beyond the hours of the workday b. Requiring states and municipalities to provide certain services for their citizens without providing resources to pay for those services c. Requiring state governments to guarantee short-term bonds issued by large municipalities in their states d. Requiring all municipalities to impose a minimum property tax on all residential and business properties

b. Requiring states and municipalities to provide certain services for their citizens without providing resources to pay for those services

Which constitutional provision gives states most of their powers? a. The Ninth Amendment b. The Tenth Amendment c. The commerce clause d. The necessary and proper clause

b. The Tenth Amendment

Which of the following BEST describes the concept of "reserved powers" of the states? a. These are power given to the states through the implied powers concept b. These are powers not specifically granted to the national government or denied to states c. These are powers given only to the Supreme Court d. These are powers, such as foreign trade agreements, over which states maintain only a small amount of control

b. These are powers not specifically granted to the national government or denied to states

Why did the Framers insert the interstate commerce clause into the Constitution? a. to create virtual business arrangements with the states b. to regulate all commercial activity between states c. to prevent states from abusing their fiscal authority d. to make it more difficult for the states to work together

b. to regulate all commercial activity between states

Decentralists, more so than Centralists, support which of the following types of federal grants? a. Categorical grants b. Project grants c. Block grants d. Pell grants

c. Block grants

States and localities have the most discretion in establishing policy when federal funding is derived from a. Categorical grants b. Matching grants c. Block grants d. Project grants

c. Block grants

Which of the following is the best example of fiscal federalism? a. The use of the commerce clause to regulate public places and accommodations b. The Court's decision in the ~United States v. Lopez~ c. Categorical, project, and block grants d. The Court's decision in ~McCulloch v. Maryland~

c. Categorical, project, and block grants

In the Gibbons v. Ogden case, the Supreme Court decided for the first time that a. Judicial review was a power of the court b. State contracts took precedence over federal law c. Congress has the exclusive right to regulate interstate commerce d. Intrastate commerce was a legitimate federal function

c. Congress has the exclusive right to regulate interstate commerce

Questions 33-34 refer to the following excerpt from a United States Supreme Court decision We are unanimously of opinion, that the law passed by the state legislature of Maryland, imposing a tax on the Bank of the United States, is unconstitutional and void... This is a tax on the operation of an instrument employed by the government of the Union to carry its powers into execution. Such a tax must be unconstitutional... This decision of the Supreme Court upheld the principle that a. The federal government and the state governments are equal b. Congress has only those powers specifically enumerated in the Constitution c. Congress has the power to make laws to carry out its constitutional duties d. Taxation without representation is unconstitutional

c. Congress has the power to make laws to carry out its constitutional duties

__________________ federalism, in which state governments work together with the national government on programs, started during the __________________. a. Dual, Great Depression b. Dual, Civil War c. Cooperative, Great Depression d. Cooperative, Civil War

c. Cooperative, Great Depression

During the 1930's, President Franklin Roosevelt attempted to increase the size of the Supreme Court by an unusual scheme. If he has been successful, six new positions would have been added. What was this scheme called? a. Stare decisis b. Amicus addendum c. Court packing d. Partisan control

c. Court packing

Compared to marble cake federalism, Reagan's new federalism aimed to a. Increase the size of the federal government b. Reduce the number of block grants given to the states c. Downsize the federal government and turn more authority over to the states d. Increase the amount of federal taxes to reduce the deficit

c. Downsize the federal government and turn more authority over to the states

The power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce is an example of a(n) a. Concurrent power b. Elastic power c. Enumerated power d. Implied power

c. Enumerated power

In a confederation the member states a. Lose their autonomy upon joining b. Cannot leave the collective organization c. Join the association voluntarily d. Are subject to a federal authority

c. Join the association voluntarily

Which of the following is an advantage of a federal system? a. Local governments are more likely to be dominated by factions b. It is easy to determine which level of government is responsible for a particular problem c. States can experiment with programs and the successful ones can be adopted on the national level d. A federal system is less expensive than a unitary system because there are fewer national government entitites

c. States can experiment with programs and the successful ones can be adopted on the national level

All of the following provisions govern how states deal with one another EXCEPT a. Extradition clause b. Full faith and credit clause c. Supremacy clause d. Privileges and immunities clause

c. Supremacy clause

A disadvantage of states accepting grants from the national government is a. States must tax its citizens since it gets taxed by the national government b. States must pay the money back c. There are often strings attached that allows the national government to take over some of its affairs d. It is unconstitutional so states may be sued

c. There are often strings attached that allows the national government to take over some of its affairs

Why might the federal government pay attention when the states work toward reforming public issues such as health care and education? a. because the federal government is responsible for making sure states obey their own constitutions b. because the federal government may wish to squash those reforms before they are enacted c. because the states offer a laboratory in which public policies may be tested for future adoption by the nation as a whole d. because the federal government must make sure any reforms passed by one state are adopted by other states as part of the "full faith and credit" clause of the Constitution

c. because the states offer a laboratory in which public policies may be tested for future adoption by the nation as a whole

Federal grants over which state and local officials have wide discretion are called a. Categorical grants b. Land grants c. Matching grants d. Block grants

d. Block grants

This Supreme Court Case in 1954 held that school segregation was unconstitutional and cause conflict between the national government and the states. a. Plessy v. Ferguson b. Mack v. United States c. Arizona v. United States d. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

d. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

The theory that the states and federal government can work together in solving problems is referred to as a. Confederate independence b. Governmental devolution c. The commerce clause d. Cooperative federalism

d. Cooperative federalism

In a federal system of government, political power is primarily a. Vested in local governments b. Vested in regional governments c. Vested in central governments d. Divided between the central government and the regional governments

d. Divided between the central government and the regional governments

The terms "fiscal federalism" and "cooperative federalism" refer to situations in which a. The federal government completely dominates state and local governments b. States are forbidden any activity that has not been specifically approved by the Supreme Court c. The federal judiciary uses its power of judicial review to ensure congressional dominance over state legislatures d. Federal, state, and local governments work together to complete a project, with the federal government providing much of the project funding

d. Federal, state, and local governments work together to complete a project, with the federal government providing much of the project funding

When a locality is required by federal law to do something, regardless of whether it receives federal funding for that purpose, this duty is called a a. Categorical grant b. Condition or "strings attached" c. Court decision d. Mandate

d. Mandate

In Gibbons v. Ogden, the decision of the Court significantly increased the power of the ___________________ through the __________________ that is written in the Constitution a. State governments, 10th amendment b. State governments, police powers c. National government, necessary and proper clause d. National government, commerce clause

d. National government, commerce clause

What kind of merit-based federal grant are used for building airports, roads, schools, and other specific undertakings? a. Formula grants b. Block grants c. Revenue sharing d. Project grants

d. Project grants

The largest category of federal grant-in-aid expenditures is in what area? a. economic security b. education c. defense d. health

d. health

Congress' so called "implied powers" are directly derived from _______________. a. enumerated powers b. habit c. legal precedent d. the "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution

d. the "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution