Ch. 31 Pre-lecture assignment

When plants are buried and only partially decomposed, carbon is prevented from entering the ________

atmosphere

Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts are members of what informal grouping of nonvascular plants? bryophytes charophytes tracheophytes gymnosperms

bryophytes

The simplest and most ancient phylum of modern plants is the ______.

bryophytes

Ancient nonvascular plants likely influenced climate by sequestering ______ from the atmosphere.

carbon

What is the dominant generation in the bryophyte life cycle? Zygote Gametophyte Sporophyte

gametophyte

Land plants feature a life cycle involving alternation of generations. What are the two generations called?

gametophyte sporophyte

The surface to volume ratio in a plant body is: lower than that in a filamentous alga higher than that in a filamentous alga

lower than that in a filamentous alga

Select all of the following that are members of the informal group called bryophytes. Lycophytes Mosses Hornworts Gymnosperms Liverworts

mosses hornworts liverworts

In seed plants, the sporangium containing one spore that develops into an egg-producing gametophyte is called a(n) _____.

ovule

In seed plants, this structure matures into a seed. Ovule Female gametophyte Ovary Egg

ovule

The kingdom __________ is composed of land plants

plantae

Plants are multicellular eukaryotes made of cells containing organelles called: bacteria spores plastids

plastids

Plants originated from a photosynthetic _____ ancestor. -protist -archaean -fungal -opisthokont

protist

Tissue production benefits land plants by: accelerating growth rate using resources more efficiently reducing water loss increasing the body surface to volume ratio

reducing water loss

The major plant organs include:

roots leaves stems

Gymnosperms and angiosperms are collectively referred to as ______ plants. vascular flowering seed

seed

Select all vascular plant innovations that evolved multiple times. Seeds Leaves Alternation of generations Spores Embryos

seeds leaves

The land plants evolved from a: streptophyte alga euglenoid red alga multicellular fungus

streptophyte alga

Because seeds can remain dormant, they allow plants to conserve water conserve energy that they would normally invest in producing seeds avoid predation from animals survive in unpredictable conditions

survive in unpredictable conditions

The embryo was a critical innovations in land plants because: it required the involvement of pollinators and led to the diversification of the angiosperms the young sporophyte received protection and nourishment from the maternal tissues it encouraged the involvement of animals as seed dispersal agents the alternation of generations depends on the production of an embryo

the young sporophyte received protection and nourishment from the maternal tissues

True or false: Plants sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and retain the carbon in their tissues.

true

The three major plant organs contain ______ tissue. vascular non-vascular

vascular

The Cretaceous-Paleogene event occurred ____ mya

65 mya

Match each of these five groups of plants to their correct distinguishing features. Bryophytes Lycophytes Pteridophytes Gymnosperms Angiosperms Leaves generally small with a single, unbranched vein; Sporangia borne on sides of stems Dominant gametophyte generation; Lack true roots, stems, and leaves Possess flowers and fruits; Seed food stored after fertilization in endosperm tissue Leaves relatively large with extensively branched vein system; Sporangia borne on leaves Lack flowers and fruits; Seed food stored before fertilization in female gametophyte

Bryophytes: Dominant gametophyte generation; Lack true roots, stems, and leaves Lycophytes: Leaves generally small with a single, unbranched vein; Sporangia borne on sides of stems Pteridophytes: Leaves relatively large with extensively branched vein system; Sporangia borne on leaves Gymnosperms: Lack flowers and fruits; Seed food stored before fertilization in female gametophyte Angiosperms: Possess flowers and fruits; Seed food stored after fertilization in endosperm tissue

Which of the following characteristics is common to both the alternation of generations and haploid-dominant life cycles? Gametes develop into multicellular haploid bodies. Meiosis produces gametes. The zygote develops into a multicellular diploid body. Fertilization produces a zygote.

Fertilization produces a zygote.

In the alternation of generation life cycle, what statement best describes the single sporophyte? It produces many spores that are genetically diverse It produces many spores that are genetically identical It does not produce spores of any kind

It produces many spores that are genetically diverse

Sixty-five million years ago at least one large meteorite crashed into Earth near the Yucatan peninsula in Mexico. This is referred to as:

K/T event

Choose all that belong in the kingdom Plantae: -Kelp -Mosses -Green algae -Lycophytes

Mosses Lycophytes

Which of the following occurs in an alternation of generation life cycle but not in a haploid-dominant life cycle? Mitosis Meiosis Fertilization Multicellular gametophyte Multicellular sporophyte

Multicellular sporophyte

Select all features that have helped land plants to thrive in terrestrial environments. Specialized structures to disperse gametes and spores Chlorophyll a and b Apical meristems that produce tissues Flagellated gametes

Specialized structures to disperse gametes and spores Apical meristems that produce tissues

Which of the following statements are true of the haploid-dominant life cycle? The zygote is the only cell that undergoes meiosis. There is an alternation of generations. The diploid generation consists of one cell. The diploid generation consists of two cells. There are both haploid and diploid multicellular bodies.

The zygote is the only cell that undergoes meiosis. The diploid generation consists of one cell.

Select all effects of the first land plants on life on Earth. They helped to create the first substantial soils They added to atmospheric carbon dioxide levels They moved vast amounts of water from the soil to the atmosphere They aided animals in the colonization of land

They helped to create the first substantial soils They aided animals in the colonization of land

The development of decay resistant tissues in early vascular plants likely led to: an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels a reduction in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels

a reduction in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels

When land plants produce two generations of multicellular bodies at different times during the life cycle it is referred to as ________ of generations

alternation

The ______ life cycle of ______ produces a larger number of genetically-diverse spores than the life cycle of aquatic algae. haploid-dominant; streptophytes haploid-dominant; bryophytes alternation of generations; bryophytes alternation of generations; streptophytes

alternation of generations; bryophytes

A tissue is defined as: all the cells in an organ an association of similar types of cells a group of cells that are the same size all cells that originated from a meristem

an association of similar types of cells

The division Anthophyta contains ________ which are known as flowering plants

angiosperm

Choose all that exhibit an alternation of generations. Chlorophyte green algae Angiosperms Bryophytes Complex streptophyte algae Gymnosperms

angiosperms bryophytes gymnosperms

In bryophytes, ______ hold sperm, and ______ hold eggs. oogonia; spermatogonia spermatogonia; oogonia antheridia; archegonia archegonia; antheridia

antheridia; archegonia

A billion years ago, photosynthetic life on land was likely composed of: cyanobacteria cyanobacteria and red algae liverworts and mosses hornworts

cyanobacteria

Select all features of plant embryos. Cloned Diploid Unicellular Haploid Multicellular

diploid multicellular

An advantage of the alternation of generations life cycle of bryophytes, compared to the haploid-dominant life cycle of streptophyte algae, is that: the alternation of generations life cycle doesn't require water each sporophyte can produce more spores the sporophyte stage is not necessary the alternation of generations cycle only has spores, not zygotes

each sporophyte can produce more spores

________ are the multicellular, diploid products of mitosis of the zygote. They were one of the first critical innovations in land plants.

embryos

Because plant cells contain nuclei, plants are said to be: ________

eukaryotic

In alternate generation life cycles, many spores are produced by: mitosis meiosis binary fission

meiosis

In the plant life cycle, alternation of generations refers to: flowers that are pollinated by insects gametangia that produce sperm and eggs by meiosis spore production by reproductive structures multicellular gametophytes and sporophytes

multicellular gametophytes and sporophytes

During fertilization in bryophytes, a gametophyte structure called the antheridium releases ______ cells, which swim toward the ______ cell that is contained in a gametophyte structure called the archegonium. sperm; egg microspore; megaspore egg; sperm megaspore; microspore

sperm; egg

In the alternation of generations life cycle, meiosis in this multicellular stage produces spores. Sporophyte Endosperm Embryophyte Gametophyte

sporophyte

What adaptation to the terrestrial habitat is an important feature of plant evolution? -photosynthesis that takes place in chloroplasts -three-dimensional tissue and apical meristems -aerobic respiration -plasmodesmata

three-dimensional tissue and apical meristems

The bodies of land plants are made of several types of ______ which are close associations of cells of the same type. organelles spores tissues chloroplasts

tissues

True or False: Angiosperms are also called flowering plants.

true