Ch 35: Nutritional Support Products, Vitamins, and Mineral Supplements, Ch 35 Nutritional Support Products, Vitamins, & Minerals

A client diagnosed with iron deficiency has been taking oral ferrous sulfate for the past several days. When the nurse is assessing for therapeutic effects, what question is most warranted? "Is your skin feeling itchy when you're at rest?" "Do you feel like you're able to see a bit more clearly now?" "Are you having any leg spasms or restless legs at night?" "How is your energy level compared with a few days ago?"

"How is your energy level compared with a few days ago?"

The nurse instructs a client on the use of prescribed B-vitamin supplements. Which client statement indicates that the teaching was effective? "I'll take the niacin supplement at bedtime." "I can prevent flushing by taking an aspirin after taking thiamine." "A capsule of extended-release thiamine can be opened and sprinkled on food." "It's safe to drive my car after taking the niacin supplement."

"I'll take the niacin supplement at bedtime."

A female client presents to the health care provider's office for her yearly physical examination. When the nurse asks about her current drug regimen, she states that she self-administers megadoses of vitamin C to prevent cancer. Which statement is an appropriate response? "Large doses of vitamin C will also prevent cardiovascular disease." "Large doses of vitamin C will also prevent HIV." "Large doses of single vitamins do not prevent cancer." "You require large doses of multiple vitamins to prevent cancer."

"Large doses of single vitamins do not prevent cancer."

The nurse has just administered oral niacin to a client. What is the most important instruction the nurse can give to this client at this time? "Lie down for about 30 minutes, and then be careful when you sit and stand up." "If your face becomes flushed, it is important not to take any type of medication." "You can expect to feel very cold for the next ten minutes. This will subside in about 10 minutes." "This medication has better absorption if you go for a brisk 10-minute walk."

"Lie down for about 30 minutes, and then be careful when you sit and stand up."

A male client tells the nurse that he obtains all of his nutrients from vitamins. What is the correct explanation the nurse would give this client? "Nutrients are best obtained from foods." "The effectiveness of the vitamins depends on the brand." "You should consult your health care provider for the correct strength of the vitamins." "You cannot obtain enough vitamin B6 from vitamins."

"Nutrients are best obtained from foods."

A nurse is caring for 2-year-old boy who has been admitted for treatment of severe dehydration. The health care provider has ordered IV fluid and electrolyte therapy. When the child's mother asks whether the child can be treated with Pedialyte instead, how should the nurse respond? "I'll see if the provider will allow it." "As soon as this bag of fluids has been infused, we can switch to Pedialyte." "He needs to continue receiving the IV fluids, but I can give him some Pedialyte, too." "Pedialyte isn't a suitable replacement for his current therapy."

"Pedialyte isn't a suitable replacement for his current therapy."

A client asks the nurse about fat-soluble vitamins. Which statement should the nurse include when discussing fat-soluble vitamins with a client? "The body stores fat-soluble vitamin excess to use later." "B1, B3, and B6 are part of the fat-soluble vitamins." "Organic fat-soluble supplements are the best." "Fat-soluble vitamins are only available by supplements."

"The body stores fat-soluble vitamin excess to use later."

c) 2,000 to 3,000 mL of fluid per day Pg. 697 The body's need for water is influenced by many variables, including activity, climate, and health. A general guideline is to consume 1.0 mL of fluid per calorie consumed, with a minimum of 1500 mL/day. Therefore the patient's recommended intake of water is at least 2,000 mL per day.

1. The nurse is admitting a healthy 35-year-old woman to the outpatient surgery department for the removal of a plantar wart. The patient consumes approximately 2,000 cal/day. What is the patient's recommended intake of water? a) 3,000 to 4,000 mL of fluid per day b) 1,000 mL of fluid per day c) 2,000 to 3,000 mL of fluid per day d) 1,500 mL of fluid per day

d) Vegetable oils Pg. 697 Sources of vitamin E include vegetables oils, margarine, salad dressing, other foods made with vegetable oil, nuts, seeds, wheat germ, dark green vegetables, whole grains, and fortified cereals. The other foods do not increase your intake of vitamin E.

10. If you were told to eat more vitamin E, what would you want to eat more of? a) Skim milk b) Lean meat c) Egg whites d) Vegetable oils

d) Orange juice Pg. 718 Taking an iron preparations with orange juice assists in the absorption of iron.

11. The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving an iron supplement for treatment of anemia. What food/liquid will the nurse offer the client to take with the iron that will increase the iron's absorption? a) Milk b) Toast c) Water d) Orange juice

d) "Nutrients are best obtained from foods" Pg. 726 Nutrients are best obtained from foods; when they cannot be obtained from foods, they can be provided by oral, enteral (via GI tubes), or parenteral (IV) feedings to meet a client's nutritional needs.

12. A male client tells the nurse that he obtains all of his nutrients from vitamins. What is the correct explanation the nurse would give this client? a) "You cannot obtain enough vitamin B6 from vitamins" b) "You should consult your health care provider for the correct strength of the vitamins" c) "The effectiveness of the vitamins depends on the brand" d) "Nutrients are best obtained from foods"

d) Potassium Pg. 704 Diets rich in fruits and vegetables are likely to be high in potassium and low in sodium. Generally, sodium and potassium content are inversely related: processed foods are low in potassium and high in sodium; fresh wholesome foods are high in potassium and lower in sodium. Fruits and vegetables do not contain high amounts of sodium, iron, or iodine

13. Many people throughout the world are practicing vegetarians. Their diet is rich in fruits and vegetables so it is also likely to be rich in: a) Iodine b) Sodium c) Iron d) Potassium

An elderly client postoperative hip replacement is experiencing signs of hyponatremia. The nurse checks the client's electrolyte levels. Which of the following serum sodium levels confirms this diagnosis? 150 mEq/L 145 mEq/L 135 mEq/L 130 mEq/L

130 mEq/L

c) "Lie down for about 30 minutes, and then be careful when you sit and stand up" Pg. 711 Niacin may cause vasodilation, so it is important for the client to lie down for approximately 30 minutes after niacin has been administered to prevent falling or fainting. The client should use care when arising. It can cause facial flushing, and the client can take 325 mg of aspirin to help with this.

14. The nurse has just administered oral niacin to a client. What is the most important instruction the nurse can give to this client at this time? a) "If your face becomes flushed, it is important not to take any type of medication" b) "You can expect to feel very cold for the next ten minutes. This will subside in about 10 minutes" c) "Lie down for about 30 minutes, and then be careful when you sit and stand up" d) "This medication has better absorption if you go for a brisk 10-minute walk"

c) Taking large doses of vitamin A is potentially harmful Pg. 710 Supplements taken to augment an intake that is already adequate are unnecessary; using supplements and fortified foods may be potentially dangerous—as is the case with vitamin A. Americans do consume adequate amounts of vitamins, and beta-carotene supplements are not routinely recommended.

15. Which of the following statements about vitamins is true? a) Because of the potential health benefits, beta-carotene supplements are routinely recommended b) Most Americans do not consume adequate amounts of vitamin C c) Taking large doses of vitamin A is potentially harmful d) Most Americans do not consume adequate amounts of thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin

a) Older adults may need a reduced dose because of decreased renal function Pg. 721 Older adults may need a reduced dose because of decreased renal function. Liver function is not an issue because magnesium is excreted in the urine.

16. A senior-level nurse is teaching a course on lifespan considerations when administering magnesium infusions. Which of the following information would the nurse include while teaching the subject? a) Older adults may need a reduced dose because of decreased renal function b) Older adults may need a reduced dose because of increased liver function c) Older adults may need a reduced dose because of decreased liver function d) Older adults may need an increased dose because of increased renal function

b) Bile salts Pg. 697 Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed from the intestine with dietary fat, and absorption requires the presence of bile salts and pancreatic lipase.

17. Understanding the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, what substance is necessary to facilitate absorption from the intestine with dietary fat? a) Mucus b) Bile salts c) Dextrose d) Hepatic enzymes

d) Polystyrene sulfonate Pg. 722 With less severe hyperkalemia, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, a cation exchange resin, administered orally, removes potassium from the body in the stool. Glucose and insulin and calcium gluconate are used to treat severe hyperkalemia. Normal saline can assist with increased fluid intake but is not prescribed as treatment for hyperkalemia.

18. A nurse is caring for client with a serum potassium level of 5.8 mEq/L. Which treatment does the nurse anticipate the prescriber to order? a) Calcium gluconate b) Normal saline c) Glucose and insulin d) Polystyrene sulfonate

c) Warfarin Pg. 710 Vitamin K is used to reverse the effects of warfarin. It does not, however, affect the pharmacokinetics of heparin. Vitamin K is not an antidote to vitamin A or iron overdose.

19. The health care provider has ordered immediate (STAT) administration of vitamin K for a client who accidently overdosed on a medication. The nurse knows that the client overdosed on what drug? a) Vitamin A b) Ferrous sulfate c) Warfarin d) Heparin

The nurse is admitting a healthy 35-year-old woman to the outpatient surgery department for the removal of a plantar wart. The patient consumes approximately 2,000 cal/day. What is the patient's recommended intake of water? 1,500 mL of fluid per day 1,000 mL of fluid per day 2,000 to 3,000 mL of fluid per day 3,000 to 4,000 mL of fluid per day

2,000 to 3,000 mL of fluid per day

d) Folic acid Pg. 702 Sexually active women of childbearing potential need an adequate intake of folic acid to prevent severe birth defects in infants. To help prevent birth defects from folic acid deficiency, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration requires that folic acid be added to breads and cereal-grain products.

2. The nursing instructor is discussing dietary needs as they relate to age. According to the instructor, adequate intake of what vitamin is especially important in sexually active women of childbearing age to prevent severe birth defects? a) Vitamin D b) Vitamin K c) Vitamin B12 d) Folic acid

b) Because older adults may need a reduced dosage as a result of decreased renal function Pg. 721 Older adults may need a reduced dosage of magnesium because of decreased renal function. The nurse should closely monitor serum magnesium levels when magnesium is administered to older adults.

20. An elderly client has been ordered magnesium 483 mg daily orally. The student nurse is about to administer that dose when the nursing instructor questions it. The student states that the regular dose is 54 to 483 mg/day. Why did the instructor question this dose? a) To be cautious because magnesium interacts poorly with several other drugs b) Because older adults may need a reduced dosage as a result of decreased renal function c) To ensure that the student knows medication values well d) The student should be dividing the single dose in several administrations to improve processing of the medication

b) Potassium Pg. 704 Potassium is the major electrolyte in the intracellular body fluid that is excreted or retained during diuretic therapy. Potassium cannot be stored and needs to be replaced by daily consumption. Potassium is responsible for cardiac muscle contraction; if too high or too low the electrolyte can cause cardiac arrhythmia. Plasma, 0.9% NACL, and TPN are IV solutions that are administered to a client.

21. A 69-year-old client, who has been prescribed a daily diuretic, is admitted to critical care with a cardiac arrhythmia. Which electrolyte should be monitored due to its' effect on heart rate and excretion or retention during diuretic therapy? a) Plasma b) Potassium c) 0.9% NaCl d) TPN

d) Phlebitis and/or thrombosis Pg. 720 The IV site is monitored for phlebitis and/or thrombosis. Pain in the proximal and distal body parts are not considered at the IV site. Monitoring potassium and chloride would require a blood test.

22. The nurse knows to monitor the IV site for which of the following complications during parenteral management of body fluids? a) Pain in the most distal body part b) Pain in the most proximal body part c) Potassium and chloride d) Phlebitis and/or thrombosis

c) 2500 mg Pg. 703 Total calcium intake—from both supplements and foods—should not exceed the UL of 2500 mg per day.

23. An adult client has asked the nurse about the potential need for calcium supplements. What should the nurse identify as the daily upper intake level for this mineral? a) 1500 mg b) 2000 mg c) 2500 mg d) 1000 mg

a) Ensure that potassium infuses in no less than 4 hours Pg. 717 When administering potassium to the client, the nurse should ensure that the entire IV solution infuses in no less than 4 hours. Concentrated potassium solutions are for IV mixtures only and should never be used undiluted. Direct IV injection of potassium could result in sudden death. When potassium is given IV, it is always diluted in 500 to 1000 mL of an IV solution. The nurse should use a large vein for administration of potassium, so the veins in the back of the hand should be avoided. If potassium is to be taken orally, then it should always be administered after meals with a full glass of water to decrease the incidence of GI disturbances and nausea.

24. A nurse is caring for a client who is to receive IV potassium. Which action would be appropriate? a) Ensure that potassium infuses in no less than 4 hours b) Administer the potassium before meals c) Inject potassium directly into the client's vein d) Use the veins in the back of the hand

d) 130 mEq/L Pg. 704 Hyponatremia, a serum sodium level of less than 135 mEq/L, usually results from excessive water retention.

25. An elderly client postoperative hip replacement is experiencing signs of hyponatremia. The nurse checks the client's electrolyte levels. Which of the following serum sodium levels confirms this diagnosis? a) 145 mEq/L b) 135 mEq/L c) 150 mEq/L d) 130 mEq/L

c) It can be safely prescribed for clients experiencing liver failure d) Enteral nutrition contains with a mixture of fluid and nutrients e) It requires the insertion of a feeding tube into the mouth, nose, or directly in the stomach Pg. 723 Enteral nutrition is used when the GI tract is fully functional. Tubes can be inserted in the nose, mouth and directly in the stomach. Enteral nutrition provides fluid and nutrients and can be prescribed for clients with liver failure. Liquid preparation of medications should be used instead of crushing tables and mixing with the tube feeding formula.

26. What information should be included in the teaching of a client prescribed enteral nutrition? Select all that apply. a) Tablets should be crushed and mixed with the tube feeding formula before being introduced into the feeding tube b) This nutrition is used when the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is nonfunctional c) It can be safely prescribed for clients experiencing liver failure d) Enteral nutrition contains with a mixture of fluid and nutrients e) It requires the insertion of a feeding tube into the mouth, nose, or directly in the stomach

c) Bioavailability varies within the context of the total diet Pg. 703 Factors that complicate the study of trace minerals include the fact that bioavailability varies within the context of the total diet.

27. Trace minerals in the body, though small in quantity, play large roles in its functioning. Trace minerals have been hard to study because of what factor? a) Reliable and valid indicators of trace element status are readily available b) The comparability of trace mineral content of foods is high c) Bioavailability varies within the context of the total diet d) Food composition data are not necessary for all trace minerals

b) Vitamin B12 Pg. 711 Vitamin B12 occurs in meat, fish, poultry, shellfish, milk, dairy products, eggs, and some fortified foods. It does not occur in plant sources. A strict vegan who consumes no animal products is at risk for a B12 deficiency. The best sources of vitamin B6 include meat, fish, poultry, organ meats, enriched cereals and meatless soy products, nuts, lentils, and some vegetables and fruit. Vitamin K sources are green leafy vegetables. Vitamin C sources are citrus fruits.

28. A nurse is caring for a client who is a strict vegan. Which vitamin deficiency is the client at risk for developing? a) Vitamin C b) Vitamin B12 c) Vitamin B6 d) Vitamin K

a) Serum electrolyte levels Pg. 707 Electrolyte and acid-base imbalances often occur in critically ill clients and are usually treated, as in other clients, with very close monitoring of serum electrolyte levels and avoidance of excessive amounts of replacement products.

29. The nurse is caring for a critically ill client in the unit who has an IV dedicated to fluid and electrolyte replacement. To prevent imbalances and adverse reactions, what should the nurse closely monitor? a) Serum electrolyte levels b) Serum albumin levels c) BUN and creatine levels d) Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels

d) Slow the infusion to keep the vein open and notify the primary care provider and apply a cardiac monitor Pg. 720 Slowing the infusion to keep the vein open and notifying the primary care provider is indicated due to a change in condition. Check the pulse rate at regular intervals, telemetry or continual monitoring may be initiated if an irregularity in the heart rate is observed. For example, when potassium is administered to a patient with cardiac disease, a cardiac monitor is needed to monitor the heart rate and rhythm continuously during therapy. Continuing to monitor the pulse rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate every 30 minutes as well as monitoring intake and output is indicated after the provider h as been notified of the change in condition.

3. A client is receiving an IV potassium infusion. During the infusion, the client develops an irregular pulse. The nurse would take which action(s)? a) Measure intake and output at the start of the irregular pulse, then notify the primary care provider b) Continue to monitor the blood pressure every 30 to 60 minutes until the infusion is complete, then notify the primary care provider c) Continue to monitor the pulse rate every 15 to 30 minutes until the infusion is complete, then notify the primary care provider d) Slow the infusion to keep the vein open and notify the primary care provider and apply a cardiac monitor

The normal serum value for potassium is 96 to 106 mEq/L. 3.5 to 5.5 mEq/L. 135 to 145 mEq/L. 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL.

3.5 to 5.5 mEq/L.

a) "The body stores fat-soluble vitamin excess to use later" Pg. 697 Fat-soluble vitamins, vitamins A, D, E, and K, are stored in the body when taken in excess. They are absorbed from the intestine with dietary fat and are available in food and as supplements. Water-soluble vitamins, B complex vitamins and vitamin C, are not stored in the body and are rapidly eliminated. Food and not supplements is recommended as the best source of fat-soluble vitamins. Some foods rich in fat-soluble vitamins are broccoli, carrots, egg yolks, and fortified milk.

30. A client asks the nurse about fat-soluble vitamins. Which statement should the nurse include when discussing fat-soluble vitamins with a client? a) "The body stores fat-soluble vitamin excess to use later" b) "Organic fat-soluble supplements are the best" c) "B1, B3, and B6 are part of the fat-soluble vitamins" d) "Fat-soluble vitamins are only available by supplements"

d) Keep intake of vitamin K foods constant Pg. 711 Vitamin K is used to reverse the effects of a warfarin overdose. It is important to teach the client to keep intake of vitamin K foods constant as this can reverse the medication. The client should be instructed not to double the dose. There is no need to call the provider for additional information. Laboratory appointments for warfarin are scheduled more frequently than annually.

31. A nurse is caring for a client prescribed warfarin for chronic atrial fibrillation. Which information should be included in this client's medication teaching plan? a) Schedule annual laboratory appointments b) Call the provider for additional information c) If you miss a dose, take a double dose d) Keep intake of vitamin K foods constant

d) Intravenous Pg. 721 The intravenous route is the preferred route for electrolyte administration when the body is unable to absorb electrolytes given orally. It is also the preferred route when the body will not absorb electrolytes quickly enough to prevent life-threatening complications. The intramuscular, subcutaneous, and intradermal routes do not help in absorption of electrolytes as fast as the intravenous route. Thus, these routes are not preferred.

4. A client who is taking chemotherapeutic drugs for treatment of a malignant cancer has repeated bouts of vomiting. Electrolytes are administered to maintain the serum electrolyte balance. However, the client cannot absorb electrolytes taken orally. Which is the preferred route of electrolyte administration in such a case? a) Intramuscular b) Subcutaneous c) Intradermal d) Intravenous

d) "How is your energy level compared with a few days ago?" Pg. 718 The nurse should assess for increased energy, vigor, and feeling of well-being. Pruritus, visual changes, and restless legs do not accompany iron deficiency and would not be addressed in follow-up assessments.

5. A client diagnosed with iron deficiency has been taking oral ferrous sulfate for the past several days. When the nurse is assessing for therapeutic effects, what question is most warranted? a) "Do you feel like you're able to see a bit more clearly now?" b) "Is your skin feeling itchy when you're at rest?" c) "Are you having any leg spasms or restless legs at night?" d) "How is your energy level compared with a few days ago?"

c) Immediately following administration Pg. 721 Intravenous magnesium sulfate produces immediate action that lasts about thirty minutes. Intramuscular injections act in one hour and last three to four hours.

6. A health care provider orders intravenous magnesium sulfate to control convulsions in a pregnant client. When will the preparation take effect? a) 2-3 hours following administration b) 1-2 hours following administration c) Immediately following administration d) 3-6 hours following administration

b) When they are taken in megadoses Pg. 698 In megadoses, vitamins function like drugs, not nutrients.

7. When do vitamins act as drugs in the body? a) When they are taken in combination with other vitamins b) When they are taken in megadoses c) When they are taken in minidoses d) When they are prescribed by a health care provider

a) 129 Pg. 704 Normal values for sodium are 135-145meq/L. The value of 129 would indicate hyponatremia while the 150 value would be indicative of hypernatremia.

8. After receiving the results of blood work for a client with dehydration, the nurse knows which sodium level is indicative of hyponatremia? a) 129 b) 145 c) 150 d) 136

b) "UL is lowest level of intake for healthy people" Pg. 699-702 RDA is the amount estimated to meet the needs of children and adults from studies of healthy adults. UL is the maximum intake considered unlikely to pose a health risk in almost all healthy people in a specified group. UL is established from the total intake from food, fortified food, and supplements.

9. A nurse is teaching a client about recommended dietary allowance (RDA) and tolerable upper intake levels (UL) for certain vitamins and minerals. Which statement by the client during the teaching session identifies the need for additional instruction? a) "RDA is the amount estimated to meet the needs of children and adults" b) "UL is lowest level of intake for healthy people" c) "UL is from total intake of food, fortified food, and supplements" d) "RDA was established by studies of healthy adults"

The nurse is assessing a client in the clinic who admits to taking megadoses of vitamins, but he is not sure which ones he has been taking. The client presents with hair loss, double vision, headaches, and nausea and vomiting. The nurse suspects that this client has taken a toxic amount of which vitamin? D E A C

A *The symptoms of vitamin A toxicity are double vision, headache, vomiting, hair loss, and dry, itching skin*

It is not always necessary for people to take a vitamin supplement. Who is least likely to need a vitamin supplement? A moderately active adult An elderly woman living alone A housewife on a low-calorie diet A pregnant teenager

A moderately active adult

Water is a vital element for the human body. What is one of its functions? Decreases structure in cells Provides energy for metabolism Serves as an emulsifier for vitamins and glucose Aids in digestion and absorption

Aids in digestion and absorption

An elderly client has been ordered magnesium 483 mg daily orally. The student nurse is about to administer that dose when the nursing instructor questions it. The student states that the regular dose is 54 to 483 mg/day. Why did the instructor question this dose? Because older adults may need a reduced dosage as a result of decreased renal function. To ensure that the student knows medication values well. To be cautious because magnesium interacts poorly with several other drugs. The student should be dividing the single dose in several administrations to improve processing of the medication.

Because older adults may need a reduced dosage as a result of decreased renal function.

Understanding the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, what substance is necessary to facilitate absorption from the intestine with dietary fat? Mucus Bile salts Dextrose Hepatic enzymes

Bile salts

Trace minerals in the body, though small in quantity, play large roles in its functioning. Trace minerals have been hard to study because of what factor? Bioavailability varies within the context of the total diet Reliable and valid indicators of trace element status are readily available The comparability of trace mineral content of foods is high Food composition data are not necessary for all trace minerals

Bioavailability varies within the context of the total diet

A nurse is caring for a client who is to receive IV potassium. Which action would be appropriate? Inject potassium directly into the client's vein. Use the veins in the back of the hand. Administer the potassium before meals. Ensure that potassium infuses in no less than 4 hours.

Ensure that potassium infuses in no less than 4 hours.

What information should be included in the teaching of a client prescribed enteral nutrition? Select all that apply. It requires the insertion of a feeding tube into the mouth, nose, or directly in the stomach. This nutrition is used when the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is nonfunctional. Tablets should be crushed and mixed with the tube feeding formula before being introduced into the feeding tube. Enteral nutrition contains with a mixture of fluid and nutrients.

Enteral nutrition contains with a mixture of fluid and nutrients. It requires the insertion of a feeding tube into the mouth, nose, or directly in the stomach. It can be safely prescribed for clients experiencing liver failure.

The nursing instructor is discussing dietary needs as they relate to age. According to the instructor, adequate intake of what vitamin is especially important in sexually active women of childbearing age to prevent severe birth defects? Vitamin B12 Vitamin K Vitamin D Folic acid

Folic acid

The nurse is reviewing the lab results for a client with congestive heart failure. The report is as follows: sodium, 142 mEq/L; potassium, 2.5 mEq/L; calcium, 5 mEq/L; and chloride, 98 mEq/L. Which electrolyte disturbances should the nurse report? Hypokalemia Hypochloremia Hyponatremia Hypocalcemia

Hypokalemia

A health care provider orders intravenous magnesium sulfate to control convulsions in a pregnant client. When will the preparation take effect? Three to six hours following administration Two to three hours following administration Immediately following administration One to two hours following administration

Immediately following administration

A nurse is caring for a client prescribed warfarin for chronic atrial fibrillation. Which information should be included in this client's medication teaching plan? Keep intake of vitamin K foods constant. If you miss a dose, take a double dose. Schedule annual laboratory appointments. Call the provider for additional information.

Keep intake of vitamin K foods constant.

There is one vitamin that is used in megadoses to lower serum cholesterol. Which vitamin is it? Niacin Riboflavin Thiamine Folic acid

Niacin

The nurse is planning care for a client who will require administration of medications through a feeding tube. What intervention should the nurse include in the plan? Provide ample fluids when having the client swallow medications. Withhold medications that cannot be administered parenterally. Aspirate the residual drug 15 minutes after administration through the feeding tube. Obtain liquid forms of medications whenever possible.

Obtain liquid forms of medications whenever possible.

A senior-level nurse is teaching a course on lifespan considerations when administering magnesium infusions. Which of the following information would the nurse include while teaching the subject? Older adults may need a reduced dose because of decreased renal function. Older adults may need a reduced dose because of increased liver function. Older adults may need a reduced dose because of decreased liver function. Older adults may need an increased dose because of increased renal function.

Older adults may need a reduced dose because of decreased renal function.

Which of the following is a correct route of administration for potassium? Intramuscular IV (intravenous) push Oral Subcutaneous

Oral

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving an iron supplement for treatment of anemia. What food/liquid will the nurse offer the client to take with the iron that will increase the iron's absorption? Milk Orange juice Water Toast

Orange juice

The nurse knows to monitor the IV site for which of the following complications during parenteral management of body fluids? Pain in the most proximal body part Pain in the most distal body part Potassium and chloride Phlebitis and/or thrombosis

Phlebitis and/or thrombosis

A 69-year-old client, who has been prescribed a daily diuretic, is admitted to critical care with a cardiac arrhythmia. Which electrolyte should be monitored due to its' effect on heart rate and excretion or retention during diuretic therapy? Plasma 0.9% NACL Potassium TPN

Potassium

Many people throughout the world are practicing vegetarians. Their diet is rich in fruits and vegetables so it is also likely to be rich in: Iron Potassium Iodine Sodium

Potassium

A nurse would suggest the need for vitamin supplements to which clients? Select all that apply. Pregnant woman Alcoholic client Constipated older adult client Client with HIV/AIDS A client with an ankle fracture

Pregnant woman Alcoholic client Constipated older adult client Client with HIV/AIDS

The nurse is comparing the recipe for a TPN with the health care provider's orders for an adult male, aged 35. How will the nurse administer vitamin K? Included in the TPN order Separately by injection Separately orally Monthly subcutaneously

Separately by injection

The nurse is caring for a critically ill client in the unit who has an IV dedicated to fluid and electrolyte replacement. To prevent imbalances and adverse reactions, what should the nurse closely monitor? Serum albumin levels Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels Serum electrolyte levels BUN and creatine levels

Serum electrolyte levels

A client is receiving an IV potassium infusion. During the infusion, the client develops an irregular pulse. The nurse would take which action (s)? Continue to monitor the pulse rate every 15 to 30 minutes until the infusion is complete, then notify the primary care provider. Continue to monitor the blood pressure every 30 to 60 minutes until the infusion is complete, then notify the primary care provider. Measure intake an output at the start of the irregular pulse, then notify the primary care provider. Slow the infusion to keep the vein open and notify the primary care provider and apply a cardiac monitor

Slow the infusion to keep the vein open and notify the primary care provider and apply a cardiac monitor

What is a major electrolyte in extracellular fluid that influences the distribution of water and maintains acid-base balance and nerve function? Sodium Phosphorus Calcium Potassium

Sodium

You administer a single intramuscular (IM) injection of Vitamin K to each newborn in your nursery. What is the reason for the injection? To prevent hyperkalemia To promote normal vision To increase absorption of fats To prevent hemorrhagic disease

To prevent hemorrhagic disease

If you were told to eat more vitamin E, what would you want to eat more of? Lean meat Skim milk Egg whites Vegetable oils

Vegetable oils

Vitamins are organic compounds that differ in function and availability. What statement best describes vitamins? Vitamins are composed of long chains of molecules linked together Vitamins exist in only one active form Vitamins provide energy Vitamins are susceptible to destruction by factors such as heat, air, and light

Vitamins are susceptible to destruction by factors such as heat, air, and light

When do vitamins act as drugs in the body? When they are taken in minidoses When they are prescribed by a health care provider When they are taken in megadoses When they are taken in combination with other vitamins

When they are taken in megadoses

Which factors should the nurse monitor when evaluating the effectiveness of a client's enteral nutrition therapy? Select all that apply. constipation serum albumin client satisfaction daily weight complete blood count (CBC)

daily weight serum albumin

The nurse is conducting a physical assessment on a client. For which finding will the nurse ask the client about the intake of iodized salt? nausea and vomiting enlarged thyroid gland weakness ataxia

enlarged thyroid gland

A client has just presented for care after a positive OTC pregnancy test. When performing health education with this client, the nurse should emphasize the need for supplementation with what nutrient? potassium folic acid vitamin C vitamin E

folic acid

The nurse would assess a client receiving which medication for signs and symptoms of hypokalemia? digoxin lisinopril spironolactone furosemide

furosemide

Which medication, being taken regularly by a client, may create a need for oral potassium supplementation? omeprazole loratadine diltiazem furosemide

furosemide

A nurse administers calcium IV slowly based on the understanding that rapid IV administration of calcium can lead to which adverse effects? vasoconstriction tachycardia hypoglycemia hypotension

hypotension

A client who is exsanguinating from the gastrointestinal tract is prescribed vitamin K. By which route will the nurse prepare to administer this supplement? intravenous oral subcutaneous intramuscular

intravenous

Which location might the nurse use to assess the condition of an insertion site for a central venous access device? over the fourth intercostal space the back of the hand over the jugular vein below the sternum

over the jugular vein

The health care provider has ordered immediate (STAT) administration of vitamin K for a client who accidently overdosed on a medication. The nurse knows that the client overdosed on what drug? ferrous sulfate vitamin A warfarin heparin

warfarin