ch. 38 review

During which stage of muscle contraction does actin bind to myosin? a. Coupling b. Relaxation c. Discharging d. Excitation

a. Coupling

What is the major difference between compact and spongy bone? a. Organization of the structural elements b. Location within the body c. Activating chemicals in each d. Types of minerals in the bone matrix

a. Organization of the structural elements

Which characteristic of a postural muscle is a result of having substantial amounts of type I muscle fibers? a. Resists fatigue b. Rapid response time c. Little contractibility d. Lacks a fascia lining

a. Resists fatigue

How do blood vessels penetrate into the inner structures of the bone? a. Volkmann canals b. Canaliculi c. Sharpey fibers d. Lamellae

a. Volkmann canals

Hydroxyapatite found in bone matrix contains a combination of which molecules in its crystalline structure? a. Calcium and magnesium b. Calcium and phosphate c. Phosphate and magnesium d. Magnesium and hydrogen

b. Calcium and phosphate

A nurse recalls the freely moveable joint is an example of which type of joint? a. Amphiarthrosis b. Diarthrosis c. Synarthrosis d. Symphysis

b. Diarthrosis

The nurse observed the patient's muscle contracted, but the limb did not move. How should the nurse chart this muscle contraction? a. Isotonic contraction b. Isometric contraction c. Eccentric contraction d. Concentric contraction

b. Isometric contraction

Once their initial function is complete, what do osteoblasts become? a. Osteoclasts b. Osteocytes c. Chondroblasts d. Osteoids

b. Osteocytes

Between which structures will you find a joint that contains synchondrosis costal cartilage? a. Vertebrae b. Ribs and sternum c. Sutures of the skull d. Facial bones

b. Ribs and sternum

Which molecule prevents a muscle contraction from occurring when the muscle is at rest? a. Calcium b. Troponin-tropomyosin c. Actin d. Myosin

b. Troponin-tropomyosin

A nurse recalls fibrous joints generally are: a. rotating. b. slightly movable. c. freely movable. d. calcified.

b. slightly movable.

What is the main energy source or fuel for skeletal muscle contraction? a. Potassium b. Lactic acid c. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) d. Actin

c. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

What does the term "sarcopenia" describe? a. Absence of muscle cells b. Fatigue of muscle cells c. Age-related loss in skeletal muscle d. Muscles that are unable to contract

c. Age-related loss in skeletal muscle

Clusters of which type of bone cells are responsible for bone remodeling? a. Trabeculae b. Osteoclastic cutting cones c. Basic multicellular units d. Haversian system cells

c. Basic multicellular units

Which ions directly control the contraction of muscles? a. Sodium b. Potassium c. Calcium d. Magnesium

c. Calcium

Which component of the bone matrix gives bone its tensile strength? a. Calcium b. Phosphate c. Collagen d. Magnesium

c. Collagen

What type of joint normally exists between the teeth and the maxilla or mandible? a. Symphysis b. Diarthrosis c. Gomphosis d. Syndesmosis

c. Gomphosis

Which of the following should the nurse include when discussing the different types of cartilaginous joints? a. Sutures and gomphosis b. Syndesmosis and gomphosis c. Symphysis and synchondrosis d. Gomphosis and synchondrosis

c. Symphysis and synchondrosis

The skeletal muscles are encased in a connective tissue framework made of: a. bone. b. epithelium. c. fascia. d. cartilage.

c. fascia.

After puberty, the epiphyseal plate calcifies, and the epiphysis and _____ merge. a. epiphyseal line b. diaphyseal plate c. metaphysis d. articular cartilage

c. metaphysis

What term identifies a muscle acting as a contraction's prime mover? a. Flexor b. Recruiter c. Antagonist d. Agonist

d. Agonist

When describing a freely movable joint, which term should be used? a. Synarthrosis b. Amphiarthrosis c. Fibrous d. Diarthrosis

d. Diarthrosis

Which layer forms the fascicles in skeletal muscle? a. Tendon sheath b. Endomysium c. Epimysium d. Perimysium

d. Perimysium

The structure of the contractile subunit of the myofibril is called the: a. sarcoplasmic reticulum. b. actin. c. motor end plate. d. sarcomere.

d. sarcomere.

Which terms are used to describe skeletal muscle? (select all that apply) a. Voluntary b. Striated c. Extrafusal d. Fibrotic e. Epithelial

A, B, C

The nursing student has a good understanding of glycoproteins when he states which of the following glycoproteins are present in the bone? (select all that apply) a. Osteocalcin b. Sialoprotein c. Bone albumin d. Alpha-glycoprotein e. Collagen

A, B, C, D

The shapes that represent bone classifications include: (select all that apply) a. long. b. flat. c. short. d. irregular. e. round.

A, B, C, D

Which molecules are parts of the bone matrix? (select all that apply) a. Collagen fibers b. Elastin fibers c. Proteoglycans d. Glycoproteins e. Epithelial cells

A, C, D

The structures present in compact bone include the: (select all that apply) a. haversian canals. b. trabeculae. c. canaliculi. d. lamellae. e. lacunae.

A, C, D, E