Ch. 38 - Sense Organs

Identify the labeled structures that are involved in olfaction. Briefly describe the function of each structure. A: _____ B: _____ C: _____

A: frontal lobe of cerebral hemisphere -- receives and interprets sensory information from the olfactory tract to identify an odor. B: olfactory bulb-- The neurons transmit "smell information" from the olfactory cells in the nasal cavity through the olfactory tract C: olfactory epithelium--location between 10-20 million olfactory cells.

Identify the labeled structures in the picture of the human ear.

A: semicircular canals B: vestibular nerve C: cochlear nerve D: cochlea E: auditory tube F: earlobe G: auditory canal H: tympanic membrane I: pinna J: stapes K: incus L: malleus M: round window

Mail-order catalogs often advertise a device for repelling irritating insects. One device has a frequency range from 30,000 to 65,000 cycles per second (Hz). Humans hear from roughly 50 to 15,000 cycles per second. In designing an experiment to determine if this device actually does repel a certain insect, what question(s) should you ask? A. Is the target insect able to perceive a sound between these frequencies? B. Does the insect approach this sound device at a rate higher than random chance? C. Does the insect move away from this sound device at a rate higher than random chance? D. Does the insect produce any sounds within this range that would lead to a biological function to perceiving such frequencies? E. All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

The sense of smell is unique because it A. may be associated with vivid memories. B. has direct connections to the limbic system and associated emotions. C. works in conjunction with the sense of taste to produce a combined smell-taste effect. D. All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

Which statement about chemoreceptors is NOT true? A. Chemoreceptors are universally found in animals. B. Chemoreceptors are found all over the body surface in humans. C. Chemoreceptors are concentrated on the auricles of the head in planaria. D. Chemoreceptors are found on antennae and mouthparts in insects and other arthropods. E. Chemoreceptors are thought to be the most primitive sensory receptor to have developed in animals.

Chemoreceptors are found all over the body surface in humans.

At night, we see primarily black and white and shades of gray, except near lights where some color is still evident. This is outward evidence of what internal anatomy? A. There are more cones than rods and cones are very sensitive to light. B. Cones detect the color of an object, and are activated by bright light. C. The retina has a circadian rhythm. D. The lens filters differentially the many wavelengths of light. E. The vitreous humor filters much light, and daytime intensity is necessary to get colored light through to the retina.

Cones detect the color of an object, and are activated by bright light.

From what you currently know, in a spacecraft at a point of weightlessness, which effect is most likely? A. Rotational equilibrium would be lacking and you could not detect head movement. B. Gravitational equilibrium would be altered since the otoliths would not be pulled down by gravity. C. Without gravity, there would be no vertigo. D. All balance systems would work similar to being on Earth with normal gravity. E. There would be absolutely no sense of balance signals without gravity.

Gravitational equilibrium would be altered since the otoliths would not be pulled down by gravity.

Which of the following statements about the process of hearing is true? A. Hearing is not dependent on the inner ear. B. All parts of the organ of Corti hear all ranges of sound. C. Loud music cannot damage your ears. D. Hearing is dependent on mechanical pressure. E. Sound is similar to light insofar as it is transmitted through the vacuum of space.

Hearing is dependent on mechanical pressure.

Which of the following statements about photoreceptors is NOT true? A. Image-forming eyes are found only in vertebrates. B. Photoreceptors differ in complexity in different kinds of animals. C. Eyespots in planaria allow the direction of light to be determined. D. The simplest photoreceptors only recognize the presence and intensity of light. E. A compound eye as seen in insects has many different visual units, each containing a lens.

Image-forming eyes are found only in vertebrates.

Which cutaneous receptors are sensitive to pressure? A. Pacinian corpuscles and Ruffini endings B. Pacinian corpuscles and Meissner corpuscles C. Ruffini endings and Merkel disks D. Root hair plexus and Krause end bulbs E. Krause end bulbs and Merkel disks

Pacinian corpuscles and Ruffini endings

Which of the following statements about the rods and cones in the eye is NOT true? A. The cones are better able to detect shades of color. B. The rods are involved in black and white vision. C. Rods and cones work together to detect the full image. D. Rhodopsin is the molecule associated with vision. E. Rods are activated by bright light and cones are better suited to night vision.

Rods are activated by bright light and cones are better suited to night vision.

Which of the following sensations would involve a chemoreceptor? A. smell B. vision C. taste D. All of the answers are correct. E. Smell and taste only are correct.

Smell and taste only are correct.

Which statement about taste receptors is NOT true? A. Taste receptors are chemoreceptors. B. Taste receptors are located within taste buds in humans. C. Taste receptors are found only on the tongue in animals. D. Taste receptors recognize sweet, sour, bitter, and salty sensations. E. Taste receptors generate nerve impulses in associated sensory nerve fibers.

Taste receptors are found only on the tongue in animals.

Which of the following best describes sensory transduction? A. The conversion of a stimulus into a nerve impulse by using a receptor. B. The conversion of a nerve impulse into a stimulus by using a receptor. C. The detection of an environmental stimulus by a nerve receptor. D. The analysis of a nerve impulse by the brain.

The conversion of a stimulus into a nerve impulse by using a receptor

Which statement most accurately describes how we interpret the sensation of taste? A. The taste buds contain microvilli that project into the taste pore. The molecules bind to receptor proteins located on the microvilli which send a nerve impulse to the brain for interpretation. B. The taste buds contain receptor proteins that are located on the tongue. The molecules bind to receptor proteins which send a nerve impulse to the brain for interpretation. C. The taste buds contain microvilli that project into the taste pore. The molecules bind to receptor proteins located on the microvilli which send a nerve impulse to the spinal cord for interpretation. D. The tongue moves molecules into the mouth so that the sinuses can detect the various scents. This information is then sent to the brain for interpretation. E. None of these describe how we interpret taste.

The taste buds contain microvilli that project into the taste pore. The molecules bind to receptor proteins located on the microvilli which send a nerve impulse to the brain for interpretation.

Which statement about smell receptors is NOT true? A. They are chemoreceptors. B. They are located in the roof of the nasal cavity in humans. C. They send information to the brain by way of the olfactory bulb. D. They are capable of responding to pressure as well as chemical changes. E. They can detect some molecules better than others.

They are capable of responding to pressure as well as chemical changes.

The sense of rotational equilibrium is accomplished by hair cells found in the A. cochlear duct. B. outer ear. C. middle ear. D. ampullae. E. organ of Corti.

ampullae

Glaucoma is caused by an increase in intraocular pressure due to inadequate drainage of the A. vitreous humor. B. aqueous humor. C. venous blood. D. cochlear duct. E. ampulla.

aqueous humor

If light rays are not focused evenly on the retina, a fuzzy image is formed. This condition is called A. nearsightedness. B. farsightedness. C. astigmatism. D. cataracts. E. conduction deafness.

astigmatism

Which of the following lists correctly traces the path of a sound vibration as it moves through the ear? A. auditory canal-tympanic membrane-malleus-incus-stapes-oval window-cochlea-cochlear nerve B. auditory canal-malleus-incus-stapes-tympanic membrane-oval window-cochlea-cochlear nerve C. auditory canal-tympanic membrane-malleus-incus-stapes-cochlea-oval window-cochlear nerve D. auditory canal-tympanic membrane-oval window-cochlea-malleus-incus-stapes-cochlear nerve E. auditory canal-malleus-incus-stapes-oval window-tympanic membrane-cochlea-cochlear nerve

auditory canal-tympanic membrane-malleus-incus-stapes-oval window-cochlea-cochlear nerve

The crayfish has a cavity or "statocysts" lined with sensory setae or hairs. A grain in the cavity is pulled downward by gravity; the pressure against the bottom hairs of the cavity gives the crayfish a perception of being upright and, when it changes orientation, the grain touches side hairs that make it realize it is not upright. Thus the crayfish "knows" which way is up in the dark. This sense is most closely related in function to the human sense of A. hot and cold. B. hearing. C. smell. D. sight. E. balance.

balance.

Which of the following eye conditions is NOT treated with corrective lenses? A. farsightedness B. cataracts C. nearsightedness D. astigmatism E. Nearsightedness and astigmatism are not treated with corrective lens.

cataracts

The ciliary muscle A. is extremely sensitive to light and responsible for night vision. B. is the part of the eye that contains rods, cones, and bipolar cells. C. controls the shape of the lens to maintain a clear image of focus at various distances. D. is the part of the inner ear that recognizes rotational equilibrium. E. is the internal part of the cochlea with hair cells that are stimulated by sound waves.

controls the shape of the lens to maintain a clear image of focus at various distances.

The sclera is continuous with the A. cornea. B. iris. C. retina. D. choroid coat. E. fovea centralis.

cornea

The correct order in which a light ray reaches the retina is: A. cornea-vitreous humor-pupil-lens-aqueous humor-retina. B. lens-vitreous humor-cornea-aqueous humor-retina. C. lens-cornea-aqueous humor-vitreous humor-retina. D. cornea-aqueous humor-pupil-lens-vitreous humor-retina. E. lens-aqueous humor-cornea-vitreous humor-retina.

cornea-aqueous humor-pupil-lens-vitreous humor-retina.

The _____ of the retina, which is responsible for acute vision, has densely packed cone cells. A. tectorial membrane B. otolith C. fovea centralis D. blind spot E. ampulla

fovea centralis

The organ of Corti consists of the A. hammer, anvil, and stirrup. B. eardrum, round window, and oval window. C. hair cells and tectorial membrane. D. saccule, utricle, and cochlea. E. cochlea and auditory nerve.

hair cells and tectorial membrane.

Arthropods A. have camera-type eyes. B. have eyespots that sense the direction and intensity of light. C. make use of a wider range of the electromagnetic spectrum than humans. D. have compound eyes composed of independent units called ommatidia. E. All of the answers are correct.

have compound eyes composed of independent units called ommatidia.

In nearsightedness, light rays are brought into focus A. in front of the retina. B. in back of the retina. C. on the retina. D. on the hair cells of the ampulla. E. unevenly across the retina.

in front of the retina.

The structure in the eye that is similar to a camera diaphragm, regulating the size of the opening for light is the A. pupil. B. retina. C. iris. D. ciliary muscle. E. lens.

iris

Which of the following structures function(s) to bend light rays? A. choroid B. rods and cones C. ciliary body D. lens and cornea E. iris and vitreous humor

lens and cornea

What kind of receptors are involved in hearing? A. chemoreceptors B. photoreceptors C. pain receptors D. mechanoreceptors E. interoceptors

mechanoreceptors

There are more rods than cones but many rods may synapse with one ganglion cell while only one cone synapses with one ganglion. Therefore, when light intensity drops at night, we can expect a lit city street scene to be A. intense in color and very sharp. B. more black-and-white but very sharp. C. intense in color but grainy. D. more black-and-white and grainy. E. identical to the image formed of the street in daytime.

more black-and-white and grainy.

The actual physiological mechanism that allows fish to school involves both the cutaneous receptors known as the lateral line as well as their eyesight. Therefore, the stimuli that fish use to school are light and A. pressure waves. B. temperature. C. sound waves. D. gravitational pull. E. molecules for taste.

pressure waves.

The photoreceptors of the eye are located in the A. retina. B. optic nerve. C. choroid layer. D. sclera. E. organ of Corti.

retina

All of the following statements about sensory receptors are true EXCEPT A. sensory receptors monitor the internal environment of the body. B. chemoreception is believed to be a primitive sense in animals. C. sensory receptors for taste are found in the nose and mouth. D. the retina of the eye contains photoreceptors that are sensitive to light. E. photoreceptors include rod and cone cells.

sensory receptors for taste are found in the nose and mouth.

The molecules rhodopsin and retinal are involved in the sensory system that detects A. hot and cold. B. hearing. C. smell. D. sight. E. balance.

sight.

An individual who works in construction and is exposed to years of loud noises, below 75 decibels, will most likely develop a decease in hearing function. The structures that are damaged are the ______________. A. stereocilia of the spiral organ B. organ of Corti C. auditory canal D. tympanic membrane E. round window

stereocilla of the spiral organ

What is the aqueous humor? A. one of the fluids in the inner ear B. the fluid that surrounds the ossicles of the middle ear C. the fluid in the eye between the cornea and the lens D. the fluid in the eye between the retina and the lens E. the gel-like material in a cupula of a mechanoreceptor

the fluid in the eye between the cornea and the lens

Benign positional vertigo is due to A. the formation of particles in the semicircular canal. These particles will stimulate the steroeocilia producing a sensation of movement when there is actually no movement. B. the formation of particles in the semicircular canal resulting in an inner ear infection. C. the formation of particles in the cochlea. These particles will stimulate the steroeocilia producing a sensation of movement when there is actually no movement. D. the formation of particles in the malleus. These particles will stimulate the steroeocilia producing a sensation of movement when there is actually no movement. E. the calcification of the malleus producing a decrease in the conduction of sound.

the formation of particles in the semicircular canal. These particles will stimulate the steroeocilia producing a sensation of movement when there is actually no movement.

What are the semicircular canals? A. the point of the eye at which color vision is most acute B. the part of the eye that contains rods, cones, and bipolar cells C. the part of the inner ear that recognizes rotational equilibrium and movement D. the part of the choroid coat of the eye that is attached to the lens and the iris E. the internal part of the cochlea with hair cells that are stimulated by sound waves

the part of the inner ear that recognizes rotational equilibrium and movement

When you look at an image, it is inverted on the back of the retina and yet appears right-side-up when perceived in the brain. This change has occurred in A. the retina which integrates the visual image. B. the ganglionic cells. C. the rods and cones themselves. D. the visual regions of the brain. E. the lens.

the visual regions of the brain

Why do snakes flick their tongue when they see potential prey? A. They are trying to bring scent molecules into the mouth so the Jacobson's organs can decipher them. B. They are trying to detect the various scent molecules with their tongue. C. Snakes use tongue flicking as a means of communication. D. All of the choices are correct.

they are trying to bring scent molecules into the mouth so the Jacobson's organs can decipher them.

Since chemoreceptors are found in arthropods, crustaceans, vertebrates and all other animals it is believed that chemoreception is the most primitive sense. True /False

true

Which of the following lists of ear structures are all membranous structures? A. ossicles, tympanic membrane, oval window, otoliths B. cochlea, ampulla C. tympanic membrane, oval window, round window D. malleus, incus, stapes E. tympanic membrane, oval window, stapes

tympanic membrane, oval window, round window

As people age, they often have trouble seeing near objects. This farsightedness is treated by A. radial keratotomy. B. an unevenly ground lens to compensate for an uneven cornea. C. cataract surgery. D. wearing concave lenses to refocus the image on the retina. E. wearing convex lenses to refocus the image on the retina.

wearing convex lenses to refocus the image on the retina.