Ch. 4

1. The epithelial membrane that lines the closed ventral cavities of the body. 2. The epithelial membrane that lines body cavities open to the exterior membrane 3. Consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. 4. Found lining the digestive and respiratory tracts. 5. Makes up the pleura and pericardium. 6. Lines blood vessels and the heart.

1. Serous membrane 2. Mucous membrane 3. Cutaneous 4. Mucous membrane 5. Serous membrane 6. Endothelium

True or False: All muscle cells contain striations.

False

True or False: Cartilage has good regenerative capacity, while most epithelial tissues do not.

False

True or False: Healing of a surgical incision through the body wall will tend to increase the amount of areolar tissue.

False

True or False: Intercalated discs and striations are both characteristic of skeletal muscle.

False

True or False: Nervous tissue consists mainly of neurons and collagen fibers.

False

True or False: Pseudostratified epithelia are well adapted to the digestive system because the cilia increase the surface area for absorption.

False

The correct order of events in tissue repair, from first to last, is __________. a. organization, inflammation, and regeneration b. regeneration, organization, and inflammation c. inflammation, regeneration, and organization d. inflammation, organization, and regeneration

Inflammation, Organization, and Regeneration

True or False: A smooth muscle cell has a central nucleus but lacks striations.

True

True or False: All epithelia have two surfaces, an apical surface and a basal surface, that differ in both structure and function. This property is called polarity.

True

True or False: Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue.

True

Predict what would happen if a lung's visceral membrane were pulled away from its parietal membrane still attached to the chest wall. a. Loss of membrane adhesive force would cause lung collapse. b. Excess serous fluid would quickly accumulate in the newly formed space. c. Only the parietal membrane would continue producing serous fluid. d. The lung would get much larger than normal when inhaling air.

a. Loss of membrane adhesive force would cause lung collapse.

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? a. Simple cuboidal epithelia are found in areas that stretch. b. Simple columnar epithelia are associated with absorption and secretion. c. Simple squamous epithelia are associated with filtration and exchange. d. Stratified squamous epithelia are found in areas subjected to wear and tear.

a. Simple cuboidal epithelia are found in areas that stretch.

Which tissues have little to no functional regenerative capacity? a. cardiac muscle and nervous tissue in the brain and spinal cord b. epithelial tissue, bones, and areolar connective tissue c. cardiac and smooth muscle d. nervous tissue and smooth muscle

a. cardiac muscle and nervous tissue in the brain and spinal cord

The reason that intervertebral discs exhibit a large amount of tensile strength, which allows them to absorb shock, is because they possess ________. a. collagen fibers b. elastic fibers c. reticular fibers d. hydroxyapatite crystals

a. collagen fibers

Which of the following is a dry membrane exposed to the air? a. cutaneous membrane b. mucous membrane c. synovial membrane d. serous membrane

a. cutaneous membrane

Which of the following is NOT a step in tissue repair? a. formation of new stem cells b. restoration of blood supply c. inflammation d. regeneration and fibrosis

a. formation of new stem cells

Which is true concerning muscle tissue? a. highly cellular and well vascularized b. contains contractile units made of collagen c. cuboidal shape enhances function d. is a single-celled tissue

a. highly cellular and well vascularized

Which of the following is a property of epithelial tissue? a. Epithelial tissue is typically unable to regenerate. b. Epithelial tissue is innervated. c. Epithelial tissue does not exhibit polarity. d. Epithelial tissue contains blood vessels.

b. Epithelial tissue is innervated.

In adult humans, most cancers are carcinomas or adenocarcinomas. These include cancers of the skin, lung, colon, breast, and prostate. Which of the four basic tissue types is involved, and why? a. Connective tissue: it is found everywhere in the body, and is the only tissue common to the skin, lungs, colon, breasts, and prostate. b. Epithelial tissue: it is exposed to the environment and is constantly dividing, both factors allowing more opportunity for damage and overcoming growth control mechanisms. c. Epithelial tissue: it is avascular and composed entirely of cells, both of which inhibit surveillance by the immune system. d. Connective tissue: cancerous cells can move more freely and spread to other tissues more easily due to the high level of vascularization in connective tissue. Connective tissue: cancerous cells require high levels of nutrients, and connective tissue is well vascularized.

b. Epithelial tissue: it is exposed to the environment and is constantly dividing, both factors allowing more opportunity for damage and overcoming growth control mechanisms.

How is hyaline cartilage different from elastic cartilage or fibrocartilage? a. It is more vascularized. b. Fibers are not normally visible. c. It allows great flexibility. d. It contains more nuclei.

b. Fibers are not normally visible.

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? a. The cutaneous membrane is a dry membrane exposed to air. b. The cutaneous membrane is made of a simple columnar epithelium c. Serous membranes line body cavities and organs. d. Mucous membranes line exits and entrances to the body.

b. The cutaneous membrane is made of a simple columnar epithelium

Edema (swelling) occurs when ________. a. reticular connective tissue invades the area b. areolar tissue soaks up excess fluid in an inflamed area c. adipose cells enlarge by pinocytosis d. collagen fibers enlarge as they change from dehydrated to hydrated shape

b. areolar tissue soaks up excess fluid in an inflamed area

What tissue has lacunae, calcium salts, and blood vessels? a. fibrocartilaginous tissue b. bone (osseous tissue) c. areolar tissue d. cartilage tissue

b. bone (osseous tissue)

Choose which tissue would line the uterine (fallopian) tubes and function as a "conveyer belt" to help move a fertilized egg towards the uterus. a. smooth muscle b. ciliated simple columnar epithelium c. simple cuboidal epithelium d. stratified squamous epithelium

b. ciliated simple columnar epithelium

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of nervous tissue? a. transmits electrical impulses b. creates linings c. used for support and insulation d. highly branched cells

b. creates linings

What tissue type has polarity and is avascular? a. nervous tissue b. epithelium c. connective tissue d. muscle

b. epithelium

The primary blast cell for connective tissue proper is the ________. a. osteoblast b. fibroblast c. chondroblast d. hemocytoblast

b. fibroblast

After a heart attack, fibrosis occurs at the site of cardiac muscle cell death. This reduces the efficiency of the heart's pumping activity because __________. a. the undamaged cardiac muscle cells become fatigued from the energy expended during the healing process b. fibrous connective tissue is incapable of contracting c. fibrosis produces new cardiac muscle cells that are not as strong as the mature ones that died d. the initial death of some cardiac muscle cells triggers a chain reaction in which progressively more and more neighboring healthy cells die

b. fibrous connective tissue is incapable of contracting

What function do transitional epithelia have? a. filtration b. stretching c. resistance to friction d. absorption

b. stretching

Which of the following statements is true? a. All subclasses of loose connective tissue do not contain collagen fibers. b. Loose connective tissue includes cartilage. c. Dense connective tissue includes a great deal of collagen. d. Dense connective tissue includes a large amount of reticular fibers.

c. Dense connective tissue includes a great deal of collagen.

Which event must precede all others during tissue repair? a. Epithelia reproduce and migrate to the damaged area. b. Clotting occurs in the damaged area. c. Inflammation occurs near the affected cells. d. Fibroblasts produce collagen that strengthens the area surrounding the tissue damage.

c. Inflammation occurs near the affected cells.

Heart muscle cells would tend to separate without _____________. a. Flana b. Stroma c. Intercalated discs d. Myofilaments

c. Intercalated discs

Without macrophages, wound healing is delayed. Why? a. Macrophages phagocytose many foreign materials, as well as cell debris and dead cells. This cleans the wound, allowing scar tissue to form. b. Macrophages form the capillary beds and repair the connective tissue in the wound. Both of these are essential for wound healing. c. Macrophages phagocytose many foreign materials, as well as cell debris and dead cells. This cleans the wound, allowing granulation tissue to form. d. Macrophages break down the scar tissue, allowing the correct tissue to be formed in its place. e. Macrophages only remove the bacteria from the area, preventing infections from causing more damage.

c. Macrophages phagocytose many foreign materials, as well as cell debris and dead cells. This cleans the wound, allowing granulation tissue to form.

Which tissue type consists of a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity? a. muscle tissue b. connective tissue c. epithelial tissue d. nervous tissue

c. epithelial tissue

What are the three main components of connective tissue? a. fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts b. collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers c. ground substance, fibers, and cells d. alveoli, fibrous capsule, and secretory cells

c. ground substance, fibers, and cells

Which of the following does NOT describe a multicellular exocrine gland? a. simple glands b. alveolar glands c. hormone glands d. tubular glands

c. hormone glands

Smooth muscle _____________. a. has long, cylindrical cells b. has striations c. is under involuntary control d. contains intercalated discs

c. is under involuntary control

Which tissue type is formed by many cells joining together, each contributing a nucleus? a. cardiac muscle b. dense regular c. skeletal muscle d. smooth muscle

c. skeletal muscle

Which tissue in the wall of the uterus is required for labor contractions? a. skeletal muscle b. stratified squamous c. smooth muscle d. elastic cartilage

c. smooth muscle

Which of the following is true about epithelia? a. Stratified epithelia are associated with filtration. b. Pseudostratified epithelia are commonly keratinized. c. Simple epithelia are commonly found in areas of high abrasion. d. Endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs.

d. Endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs.

Select the correct statement regarding tissue repair. a. Granulation tissue is another name for a blood clot. b. Granulation tissue is highly susceptible to infection. c. The clot is formed from dried blood and transposed collagen fibers. d. Inflammation causes capillaries to dilate and become permeable.

d. Inflammation causes capillaries to dilate and become permeable.

An infection may occur in a tissue injury. Why? a. The skin and mucous membranes are body's first line of defense, and are mostly impenetrable to microorganisms unless broken. b. The increased availability of nutrients allows microorganisms to replicate. c. Once microorganisms gain entry to the body through a wound, they will always cause an infection. d. The increased availability of nutrients allows microorganisms to replicate. The skin and mucous membranes are body's first line of defense and are mostly impenetrable to microorganisms, unless broken or damaged by tissue injury.

d. The increased availability of nutrients allows microorganisms to replicate. The skin and mucous membranes are body's first line of defense and are mostly impenetrable to microorganisms, unless broken or damaged by tissue injury.

Which of the following is NOT a role of connective tissue? a. insulation b. support c. transport d. absorption

d. absorption

Which of the following is NOT found in cartilage but is found in bone? Which of the following is NOT found in cartilage but is found in bone? a. organic fibers b. lacunae c. living cells d. blood vessels

d. blood vessels

The first step in tissue repair involves ________. a. formation of scar tissue b. proliferation of fibrous connective tissue c. replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells d. inflammation

d. inflammation

Under a microscope you observe a tissue that appears to have long fibers that appear striated. The nuclei are pushed off to the side of the fibers. The tissue looks very vascular. What type of tissue are you observing? a. osseous tissue b. dense irregular connective tissue c. dense regular connective tissue d. skeletal muscle tissue

d. skeletal muscle tissue

Which of the following epithelial tissue types is NOT correctly matched to its function? a. simple columnar epithelium with microvilli; absorption b. simple squamous epithelium; filtration c. simple cuboidal epithelium; secretion d. stratified squamous epithelium; absorption

d. stratified squamous epithelium; absorption

Chondroblasts ________. a. remain in compact bone even after the epiphyseal plate closes b. are mature cartilage cells located in spaces called lacunae c. never lose their ability to divide d. within the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix

d. within the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix