ch 4: anxiety, trauma, & stressor related disorders

Which of the following is not associated with increased anxiety? A) Prefrontal cortex B) Occipital lobe C) Limbic system D) Amygdala

B) Occipital lobe

Joshua is terrified of going to the doctor to receive his necessary immunizations. He most likely has which disorder? A) Agoraphobia B) Specific phobia C) Social anxiety disorder D) Generalized anxiety disorder

B) Specific phobia

Which of the following is not one of the four groups of specific phobias? a) Agoraphobia b) Blood/injection/injury phobia c) Animal phobia d) Natural environment phobia

a) Agoraphobia

Clive has PTSD. Whenever he hears a car horn, he feels an incredible sense of panic. This scenario describes which of the following? a) Exaggerated startle response b) Persistent avoidance of situations c) Negative alterations in cognitions and mood d) Intrusions

a) Exaggerated startle response

Which of the following is accurate regarding Critical Incident Stress Debriefing? a) It can sometimes lead to more harm than benefit. b) All the data suggest it is efficacious. c) The procedure typically lasts over one week. d) It is used to primarily treat depression.

a) It can sometimes lead to more harm than benefit

After being in a car accident, Karen had a lot of feelings of shame and regret. This is most likely a symptom of which of the following? a) PTSD b) Specific phobia c) Agoraphobia d) Generalized anxiety disorder

a) PTSD

Craig is so nervous at parties that he feels he could have a panic attack at any moment. He likely suffers from _________ a) Social anxiety disorder b) Agoraphobia c) Generalized anxiety disorder d) Panic disorder

a) Social anxiety disorder

Which of the following is accurate regarding anxiety disorders? a) They are associated with decreased serotonin levels. b) They are associated with increased dopamine levels. c) They are associated with increased serotonin levels. d) They are associated with larger hippocampal volumes.

a) They are associated with decreased serotonin levels

Which of the following is accurate regarding SSRIs? a) They increase serotonin levels. b) They decrease serotonin levels. c) They block serotonin receptors. d) They are rarely prescribed for anxiety disorders.

a) They increase serotonin levels

John and Derek are 6-month-old infants. When Derek does not get a toy he wants, he screams loudly, while John remains passive and calm. This difference in behavior reflects which of the following? a) Trait anxiety b) Free will c) Amygdala overreaction d) Construct anxiety

a) Trait anxiety

Sam has a spider phobia, and he has not gone to the woodshed since his wife complained of all the cobwebs in there. He has responded behaviorally with a) avoidance b) arousal c) distress d) worry

a) avoidance

Although PTSD affects people of all ages, genders, and ethnic backgrounds, it is slightly different in children because a) children engage in traumatic play b) children experience fewer traumatic events than adults do c) the trauma may not be experienced firsthand but through a significant other d) symptoms such as bed-wetting may be prominent

a) children engage in traumatic play

Ryan is being treated for anxiety about flying, and his doctor asks him to imagine being on an airplane. This method of treatment is called ______ a) imaginal exposure b) in vivo exposure c) virtual reality therapy d) free association

a) imaginal exposure

Heart palpitations (pounding heart or accelerated heart rate), sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, choking, chest pain, nausea, and dizziness are a) physiological symptoms of panic attack b) behavioral symptoms of panic attack c) cognitive symptoms of panic attack d) All of these

a) physiological symptoms of panic attack

The three elements of anxiety and fear are a) physiology, cognition, and behavior b) escape, avoidance, and subjective distress c) self-report, arousal, and worry d) worry, anticipation, and subjective distress

a) physiology, cognition, and behavior

How many symptom groups are there in PTSD? a) 2 b) 4 c) 5 d) 3

b) 4

Clyde and Sarah just watched their teammate fail at an important athletic competition. Clyde then succeeded at the competition, and Sarah failed. Based on this scenario, which of the following is most likely to be accurate? a) Sarah had succeeded earlier in the same competition. b) Clyde had succeeded earlier in the same competition. c) Clyde is much smarter than Sarah. d) Clyde had judges who liked him more.

b) Clyde had succeeded earlier in the same competition

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a panic attack? a) It involves a fear of dying. b) It lasts over an hour. c) It includes chest pain. d) It includes heart palpitations.

b) It lasts over an hour.

Derek is terrified of airplanes. One day, while driving to work, he saw an airplane and immediately turned his car around and went home. This caused him to feel great relief. Derek had just demonstrated which of the following? a) A panic attack b) Negative reinforcement c) Metacognition d) Positive reinforcement

b) Negative reinforcement

Randall had the sudden thought "I'm going to be attacked any moment!" This is an example of: a) Physiological response b) Subjective distress c) Panic attack d) Avoidance

b) Subjective distress

Which of the following is true regarding anxiety disorders? a) They are not related to fears. b) They occur more often in women than men. c) They affect more men than women. d) They happen equally in men and women.

b) They occur more often in women than men.

Fear of situations such as public transportation, enclosed spaces, lines or crowds, of being outside of the home alone is a main symptom of a) generalized anxiety disorder b) agoraphobia c) social anxiety disorder d) panic disorder

b) agoraphobia

Todd is afraid of flying. He is invited for a job interview that requires air travel. He has a panic attack while preparing for his interview a week before his flight. His panic attack would fall under what type? a) false alarms b) expected c) out of the blue d) unexpected

b) expected

For the past year, Maya has been experiencing uncontrollable worry about the future of her business, crime in the neighborhood, whether her husband truly cares for her, and her children's health. All of these concerns are out of proportion to the actual situation. She may be experiencing a) social anxiety disorder b) generalized anxiety disorder c) panic disorder d) agoraphobia

b) generalized anxiety disorder

Which of the following is a major factor in distinguishing between normal anxiety and an anxiety disorder? a) Developmental age b) Functional impairment c) All of these d) Sociodemographics

c) All of these

Why do biological theories of anxiety disorders consider serotonin to be important? a) Serotonin is lower in the CSF of people with anxiety disorders. b) Biochemical challenges that alter serotonin levels are related to increases or decreases in feelings of anxiety. c) All of these d) People who are prescribed SSRIs, which increase serotonin, report that their feelings of anxiety decrease.

c) All of these

Dr. Smith is interested in studying the cultural variations in psychological disorders. He might be most interested in which of the following? a) Panic attacks b) Panic disorder c) Ataque de nervios d) Agoraphobia

c) Ataque de nervios

The criticism that it has become "too easy" to diagnose PTSD reflect which of the following? a) Heritability b) Hypervigilance c) Conceptual bracket creep d) Biochemical challenge

c) Conceptual bracket creep

Children may not experience the same sense of worry as adults due to a lack of ___________ a) Anxiety b) Problems c) Metacognition d) Fears

c) Metacognition

Which of the following statements about anxiety disorders is not true? a) Panic attacks may be a symptom of many anxiety disorders. b) Anxiety disorders are equally common among the three largest ethnic groups in the United States. c) Most anxiety disorders develop in early adulthood. d) Comorbidity with depression and other anxiety disorders is common.

c) Most anxiety disorders develop in early adulthood

Anxiety is generally conceptualized as involving each of the following except? a) Future-oriented b) Sympathetic nervous system c) Past-oriented d) Fight-or-flight response

c) Past-oriented

Sharron has combat-related PTSD. Which of the following is most likely to be true? a) Her sleep is unaffected. b) She feels fine as long as she stays away from combat zones. c) She has another anxiety disorder as well. d) She has schizophrenia.

c) She has another anxiety disorder as well

Derealization or depersonalization (feelings of being detached from one's body or one's surroundings), fear of losing control or going crazy, and fear of dying are a) physiological symptoms of panic attack b) behavioral symptoms of panic attack c) cognitive symptoms of panic attack d) All of these

c) cognitive symptoms of panic attack

Sergio served in Iraq and fought in several difficult battles. Now whenever he hears a car backfire, he jumps out of his chair thinking that he is under attack. Sergio is showing a classic symptom of PTSD called a) lethargy b) negative alterations in mood c) re-experiencing d) behavioral disinhibition

c) re-experiencing

Parents go to a clinical psychologist asking about their child who seems to worry all the time about being hurt. He refuses to go to school and won't sleep alone. On the way to school, he often develops stomachaches or headaches. The clinical psychologist suggests that the child be evaluated for a) panic disorder b) agoraphobia c) separation anxiety disorder d) PTSD

c) separation anxiety disorder

Stuart has never had a romantic partner. When he talks with his therapist, he says that he is afraid to ask anyone out because he becomes extremely anxious about initiating and maintaining conversations. He is likely to have a) generalized anxiety disorder b) panic disorder c) social anxiety disorder d) agoraphobia

c) social anxiety disorder

A normal source of anxiety for a 1- to 2-year-old child is a) heights b) being alone c) strangers d) loss of physical support

c) strangers

Sally was extremely apprehensive about her meeting next week with her boss to discuss her annual performance review although she had been doing well at work. She was experiencing excessive a) panic reactions b) compulsions c) worry d) phobic discharge

c) worry

David is terrified of going on a date because he has the constant belief that his date will "make fun of him" and that he will "say a bunch of wrong things." Which treatment orientation might be best suited for David? a) Psychodynamic b) Virtual reality therapy c) Pharmacological d) CBT

d) CBT

Which of the following statements regarding SSRIs is accurate? a) They are equally efficacious for everyone. b) Relapse is not common. c) They do not work as well as benzodiazepines. d) Children should be monitored for increased suicidal thoughts.

d) Children should be monitored for increased suicidal thoughts

A discrete period of intense fear and physical arousal is called ___________ a) Depression b) Psychosis c) Agoraphobia d) Panic attack

d) Panic attack

David is seeing a doctor about his anxiety, and the doctor constantly asks David for details about his childhood relationship with his parents. This doctor is likely using which treatment orientation? a) Vicarious learning theory b) Cognitive c) Information transfer d) Psychodynamic

d) Psychodynamic

Which of the following criteria determine if phobia should be applied to a specific fear? a) The person must have this fear for at least 18 months, and it must cause significant emotional distress b) The fear must have started before age 18 and it must be developmentally abnormal c) The fear does not cause significant emotional distress or impairment but does annoy the person. d) The fear causes significant emotional distress for the person and/or impairs the person's ability to function

d) The fear causes significant emotional distress for the person and/or impairs the person's ability to function

The currently available data on the heritability of anxiety disorders suggest that a) vulnerability to anxiety is likely to be controlled by a single gene b) four genetic factors are associated with GAD, panic disorder, and agoraphobia c) genetic factors are only rarely involved in anxiety disorders d) a general vulnerability factor or anxiety proneness is what is inherited

d) a general vulnerability factor or anxiety proneness is what is inherited

The common ingredient in the most effective forms of behavioral and cognitive behavioral treatments of anxiety is a) imagery b) relaxation c) restructuring d) exposure

d) exposure