Ch. 4 Bio Hons

The purpose of cellular respiration is the production of __________.

ATP

Which of the following statements about electron microscopes is true?

Electron microscopes focus electron beams to create a magnified image of an object.

Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?

Golgi Apparatus

Which of the following statements about internal membranes in eukaryotic cells is false?

In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes standardize the internal environment of all cellular organelles.

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is false?

Once laid down, the elements of the cytoskeleton are fixed and remain permanently in place.

What is the relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane?

The finished products of the Golgi apparatus may leave the cell through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

What is an essential difference between animal and plant cells that could explain how a plant cell can withstand this expansion of the central vacuole?

The plant cell wall provides a more rigid structure.

What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common?

They are constructed of interrelated membranes.

A scientist wants to magnify a pollen grain 8,000 times and examine the ridges and pores on its surface. Which of the following instruments would be best?

a scanning electron microscope

In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads

are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane.

_____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles.

basal bodies

Which is a typical function of lysosomes?

breaking down of damaged organelles, such as mitochondria

The function of mitochondria is

cellular respiration

Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?

chloroplast

Cilia differ from flagella in that

cilia are typically more numerous and shorter than flagella.

The function of the chloroplast is to _____.

convert light energy to chemical energy

The structural framework in a cell is the

cytoskeleton

Where would ribosomes be located that are responsible for producing enzymes which play a role in sugar metabolism?

cytosol

Which of the following are stored in the lysosomes of the cell?

digestive enzymes

In a multicellular animal, a cell is a unit of structure as well as a unit of

function

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both __________; however, they are different in that only chloroplasts, and not mitochondria, __________.

have a double membrane ... carry out photosynthesis

What changes would you expect to see in the liver cells of someone suffering from chronic alcoholism?

increased levels of endoplasmic reticulum activity

Which type of microscope can produce enhanced versions of a cell's surface?

light microscope

The organelle that is used for digestion is the

lysosome

Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles?

lysosomes

What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?

mRNA

Ribosomes function in

making proteins

Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____.

metabolically active

The smallest of the three types of cytoskeleton are the

microfilaments

The development of the cell theory had to wait for the development of the

microscope

Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell?

microtubules

The organelle function in transforming energy and contains its own DNA.

mitochondria

Prokaryotes have cells with

no cell membrane

The membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the membranes of the __________.

nuclear envelope

The chromosomes in a prokaryotic cell is found in a region called the

nucleoid

Which of the following structures is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells?

nucleoid

Where is the genetic information of the cell stored?

nucleus

Digestive cells produce and secrete many enzymes that break down ingested food. These cells have a large number of ribosomes __________.

on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Structures found within a eukaryotic cell and performing specific tasks are collectively termed __________.

organelles

The endoplasmic reticulum might best be described as a

passageway of membranes

Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a by-product?

peroxisomes

The function of chloroplasts

photosynthesis

What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?

plasma membrane

Which plant structure is most like gap junctions in animal cells?

plasmodesmata

In plants, __________ are the cell junctions that allow the free exchange of small molecules that assist in communication. In animal cells, similar cell junctions are known as __________.

plasmodesmata ... gap junctions

One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by

ribosomes

Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane?

rough endoplasmic reticulum

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____.

secrete a lot of material

Where are lipids made in the cell?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?

stores DNA

The Golgi Apparatus

stores, modifies, and packages materials for the cell

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

synthesizing receptor proteins

Lysosomes are derived from __________ and function in __________.

the Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum ... digestion of worn-out organelles

The function of the nucleolus is

to manufacture ribosomal RNA.

Which microscope would be best suited to the measurement of the internal structures of a bacterial cell?

transmission electron microscope

A compartment that often takes up a majority of a cell that function in absorbing water is called

vacuole

Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes

Which of the following statements about plant cell walls is false?

Plant cell walls protect plant cells by forming an impermeable layer around the cell.

Mitochondria are found in _____.

both plant cells and animal cells

Peroxisomes are organelles that are involved in the _____.

breakdown of fatty acids

Where in a cell is ATP made?

mitochondria

Which of the following is NOT a part of the endomembrane system?

mitochondria

Which cell structure is responsible for metabolism?

mitochondrion