Ch. 4 Church History

hermit, monasticism

St. Basil the Great lived as a _____ which set the example for the structure of _____ (a secluded life of prayer and penance), the Christian monks.

hospitals, social service institutions

St. Basil the Great set up a system of _____ and _____ to serve the poor.

true Mother, Emperor Theodosius II

St. Cyril also declared that Mary was the _____, and in 431 A.D. ____ accepted his declaration and had Nestorius removed as patriarch.

scholarship, ascetical life

St. Jerome's other two passions were ____ (teaching Chyme doctrine) and the ____ (simple and self-disciplined).

Ecumenical councils

_____ bring the Catholic bishops under the leadership of the Pope together from all over the world to discuss central issues of the Church.

St. Thomas Aquinas

_____ defined heresy as "a species of unbelief, belonging to those who profess the Christian faith, but corrupt its dogmas (teachings). "

Docetism

_____ heresy closely related to the Gnostic beliefs.

Arianism

_____ heretic group founded by an extremely charismatic priest from Alexandria named Arius who attracted huge crowds wanting to hear him speak.

St. Ambrose

_____ incorporated hymns into the liturgy.

St. Basil the Great

_____ influenced the writing of the Eucharistic Prayer IV, used in the Catholic Mass today.

Formal Heresy

_____ it is possible to freely choose, with full understanding of the teaching of the Church, to believe in doctrines that are clearly contradictory to those of the Church.

St. Jerome's

_____ most important work was the transition of the Bible (Hebrew) into Latin, known as the Latin Vulgate.

The Second Vatican Council

_____ renewal of the Church in the modern world (New Evangelization).

St. Augustine

_____ separated the issue of worthiness on the part of the priest or bishop from the validity and desired effect of the sacrament.

St. Ambrose

_____ the first to reference the Apostles' Creed.

Donatism

_____ this heresy got its name from a bishop named Donatus.

Pelagianism

_____ was started by an English monk named Pelagius.

Ecumenical councils

_____ were convened by the Church to meet the challenges posed by the various heresies.

Church Fathers

_____ were known as holy leaders who could explain the Faith and could meet the unique challenges posed by the different heresies.

Profession of Faith

He came down from Heaven, and by the Holy Spirit was incarnate of the Virgin Mary, and became man.

Latin Church Fathers

St. Ambrose of Milan St.Augustine of Hippo Pope St. Gregory the Great St. Jerome St. Hilary of Poitiers

Greek Church Fathers

St. Athanasius St. Basil the Great St. Gregory of Nyssa St. Gregory of Nazianzus St. John Chrysostom

true minister, state of sin

St. Augustine developed the Catholic position that Christ is the _____ of every sacrament, even if the person celebrating the sacrament was in a _____.

St. Irenaeus, St. Hippolytus

Two early Church Fathers and apologists, _____ and _____ combated the Gnostic influence in Christianity.

canon law

Under _____ the Pope has the power to convene a council and he alone has the power to accept or reject the decrees passed by the council.

highest authority, doctrines of Faith

What distinguishes an ecumenical council from these other councils is that its teachings are regarded as having the ____ and its _____ are held to be infallible (without error).

St. Ambrose

____ Bishop of Milan.

The Council of Ephesus

____ Nestorianism and Mary as the Mother of God

St. Augustine

____ again combated Pelagianism by upholding the teachings of the Church which stated, salvation comes from the love and mercy of God through the Sacraments and the good works and deeds of the person.

Provincial Council

____ an assembly of the metropolitan archbishop with his diocesan bishops.

St. Ambrose

____ an opponent of the Arian heresy.

Bishop Donatus

____ believed and taught that all sacraments celebrated by priests and bishops who had renounced their Christian faith during the Roman persecutions were not valid.

St. Jerome

____ believed reading Scripture was very important, "ignorance of Scripture is ignorance of Jesus Christ."

Notoriety

____ how they (church fathers) were seen by the public.

Material Heresy

____ it is posible to enter into heresy through ignorance of the truth or misunderstanding.

Antiquity

____ matters relating to the life and culture of their (church fathers) time.

Diocesan Council

____ often called a synod, meeting of a bishop, representatives of the clergy, religious and laity within the diocese.

The Council of Lateran IV

____ transubstantiation, bread and wine transformed into Jesus' body and blood.

St. Augustine of Hippo

_____ (North Africa), a Church Father was the chief opponent of the Donatists.

The Council of Nicaea

_____ Arianism and the Nicene Creed.

St. Basil the Great

_____ Bishop of Caesarea (Israel)

St. Ambrose

_____ a defender of the Church's independence from the state.

Plenary Council

_____ a meeting of all the bishops of a country or nation.

Gnosticism

_____ a very broad and complex group of beliefs.

St. Athanasius, Council of Nicaea

_____ an early Church Father worked hard to defeat the Arian heresy; at the _____ in 325A.D. he proposes a statement of Catholic belief regarding the divinity of Christ.

theology, personal sanctity

A Doctor of the Church is a specific title granted by the Pope to those whose development of ____ and ____ (holiness).

Material Heresy and Formal Heresy

A person may enter heresy in one of two ways: _____ and _____.

Nestorius, Nestorianism

A priest and patriarch of Constantinople, _____ is the founder of the heresy _____.

traditor, sacraments

A priest or bishop that renounced their faith was said to have committed the sin of being a _____, and because of this sin they were incapable of celebrating the ____.

Trinity, Redemption

Arianism was an extremely serious threat to Christianity because the rejection of Christ's divinity leads to a rejection of the Church's central doctrine on the ____ and our ____.

Christ, Father

Arius had interpreted these passages to mean that _____ was not equal to the _____.

God, Father

Arius' teaching claimed that Jesus was neither _____ nor equal to the _____.

Bishop

As _____ St. Basil the Great made sure his priests were properly trained and cared for the material and spiritual needs of the lay workers within his diocese.

clarification, interpretation

Because of their proximity to the teachings of the Apostles, the Church Fathers' ____ and ____ on Scripture will always serve as a standard reference point for Church teaching.

St. John's Gospel

Certain passages from _____ clearly maintain that Christ was sent by the Father and only did the will of the Father.

St. Cyril of Alexandria, one, two

Church Father _____ combated the Nestorianism heresy, teaching that Jesus is ____ person with ____ natures.

doctrine, holiness, notoriety, antiquity

Church Fathers all shared the following characteristics: holding established beliefs in ____, ___, ____, and ___.

sentence, Catholic position

Every _____ of this creed was carefully selected in order to express the _____, as well as to bring back into the fold those who had fallen into heresy.

material, visible

Gnosticism also believed that _____ and _____ things including the human body were evil, teaching that Jesus did not inhabit a human body and could never have suffered death on the cross.

human, divine

Gnosticism also rejected the Church's teaching regarding both Christ's _____ and _____ nature.

Profession of Faith

I believe in one God, the Father Almighty...

Pope Paul VI, January 1

In 1969 _____ declared the feast of Theotokos (Mary, Mother of God) _____ as a holy day of obligation.

Scriptures, human

In St. Irenaeus and St. Hippolytus' arguments they emphasized the goodness of the created world, the clear meaning of _____, and Christ's ____ experiences, especially his passion and death.

denies, alters

In other words, a heresy _____ or _____ some part or parts of the Catholic Faith.

divine nature

It was vital for the Church to give clarity on the issue of Christ's divinity since the whole Catholic Faith depended on Christ having a _____.

knowledge

Magus believed that salvation could be achieved through _____.

Doctor of the Church

Many of the Church Fathers were also given the title ____.

divine person, human person

Nestorius maintained that Christ was the unity of a _____ and a _____, the result of this union was an attempt to eliminate the title Theotokos (bearer of God), given to Mary as the Mother of God.

Athanasian Creed, St. Athanasius

One of the early creeds was the _____, attributed to _____ but its authorship is not certain.

insignificant, human works

Pelagianism taught that the sacraments are _____ since salvation and holiness could be solely achieved through mere ____.

grace, original sin

Pelagius taught that man can be redeemed and sanctified without ____ from God, _____ did not exist and it was not transmitted to the rest of the human family.

The Nicene, Apostles' Creed

The Athanasian Creed as well as the other two more familiar creeds, _____ and _____ all expressed faith in the three Divine Persons of the Blessed Trinity and the Incarnation of God the Son.

Simon Magus

The early Christians considered _____ the founder of Gnosticism. He claimed to have secret knowledge of the mysteries of God and hoped to gain magical powers through his conversion to Christianity.

Council of Nicaea, Second Vatican Council

The first ecumenical council was called in 325 A.D., the _____ and the most recent was the _____ called in 1962.

Jesus Christ himself

The first heresies that afflicted the early Church were especially dangerous since they struck at the heart of Christianity: _____.

switched places

The heresy Docetism taught that someone else miraculously ____ with Christ just before the crucifixion and suffered death in Christ's place.

St. Teresa of Avila, St. Cathrine of Siena, St. Therese of Lisieux

The last three Doctors proclaimed in the twentieth century were ____ and ____ by Pope Paul VI in 1970, and ____ by Pope John Paul II in 1997.

common

The name Vulgate comes from the Latin word vulgus, which means _____, written in the common language of the people of his day.

appearance

The name of Docetism is derived from the Greek word "dokesis" which means ____ and is why their teachings maintained that Jesus was not truly human and did not actually suffer the pain of crucifixion and death.

heresies

The persecution of Christians was followed by a series of _____ that brought the emerging Church down to her foundation.

Nicene Creed, Council of Constantinople

The statement proposed is the _____, which will be edited and finalized at the ____ in 381 A.D., and is still recited today as our Profession of Faith.

knowledge

The word Gnosticism is derived from the Greek word "gnosis" which means _____.

divinity

These early heresies taught that Jesus was inferior to the Father as well as denying his _____.

doctrines, creeds, ecumenical councils, Church Fathers

These heresies were combated by the Church through ____ or ____, _____, and the early _____ who taught, explained, and were heresies of the Catholic beliefs.

Judas Iscariot, Simon of Cyrene

They believe that it may have been ____ or ____ that switched places with Christ before the crucifixion.

Material Heresy

This type of heresy is merely a mistake that needs correction.

Material Heresy

This type of heresy is not willed by the subject, and thus, lacking one of the necessary conditions of sin (action has to be freely willed.)