Ch 4: The Air - TEST

Climate warming trends allow plant and insect species to inhabit larger ranges. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

During ices ages our planet supports more glaciers and deserts than forests. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Global warming is a theory accepted by a majority of scientists. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Human impact on ecosystems would most likely lead to secondary succession over primary succession. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Some scientists believe that global warming will bring about extreme weather. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Some scientists believe that global warming will lead to an increase in disease and starvation. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Which scenario best describes how climate trends might affect animal migration? Animals found in the Arctic may move south. Animals found at the equator may move north. Animals found in higher elevations will move to lower elevations. Animals found in lower elevations will stay in the same location.

Animals found at the equator may move north.

Africa was covered by glaciers during the Pleistocene ice age. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Ecosystems have trouble adjusting to short-term changes. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Local environmental changes have no effect on the global climate. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Pollution is the only way that humans can cause changes to ecosystems. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Succession is always caused by natural events. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Which of the following about secondary succession is not true? a. It occurs in ecosystems without soil. b. It occurs in ecosystems that are already established. c. It reduces the number of species in an ecosystem. d. It is initiated by a disruptive event.

a. It occurs in ecosystems without soil.

Which of the following statements about current theories on global warming is true? a. Scientists generally agree that global warming is taking place. b. Some scientists think that we should accelerate global warming. c. The scientific community disagrees about whether we should take action about global warming. d. Cutting down trees and burning fossil fuels does not lead to global warming.

a. Scientists generally agree that global warming is taking place.

Which of the following is a way that studies have determined industry might be affected by legislation on global warming? a. creation of new jobs and technology b. decrease in consumer spending c. increased costs of production d. reduction in the number of jobs available

a. creation of new jobs and technology

Which of the following is an example of a pioneer species? a. fungus b. trees c. shrubs d. grass

a. fungus

What effect can fertilizer runoff have on an aquatic ecosystem? a. increased plant growth leading to a decrease in fish populations b. increased plant growth leading to an increase in fish populations c. decreased plant growth leading to a decrease in fish populations d. decreased plant growth leading to an increase in fish populations

a. increased plant growth leading to a decrease in fish populations

How does change to an ecosystem that results in succession benefit the ecosystem? a. it leads to an increased level of biodiversity b. it leads to decreased productivity c. it ends symbiosis between organisms d. it allows ecosystems to operate independently of each other

a. it leads to an increased level of biodiversity

How does an early onset of spring through climate change affect plants? a. their growing and flowering season starts earlier and is longer b. their growing and flowering season starts later and is longer c. their growing and flowering season starts earlier and is shorter d. their growing and flowering season starts later and is shorter

a. their growing and flowering season starts earlier and is longer

How are primary and secondary succession similar? a. Both primary and secondary succession involve ecosystems that have no soil. b. Both primary and secondary succession involve ecosystems recovering from a disruptive event. c. Both types of succession require a pioneer species to aid recovery of ecosystems. d. Primary and secondary succession have no similarities.

b. Both primary and secondary succession involve ecosystems recovering from a disruptive event.

Which of the following best describes the impact of glaciers upon the surface of the earth? a. Ice buried continents under a few hundred feet of ice. b. Glaciers scraped across the surface and altered landscapes and the course of rivers. c. The passage of glaciers created new ecosystems. d. All of the above.

b. Glaciers scraped across the surface and altered landscapes and the course of rivers.

How does climate change lead to an increase in algal blooms? a. Decreased temperatures lead to an increase in phytoplankton growth. b. Increased levels of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, leads to increased phytoplankton growth. c. Increased pollution leads to lower levels of nutrients in aquatic ecosystems and therefore an increase in phytoplankton growth. d. Decreased water levels caused by climate change lead to an increase in phytoplankton growth.

b. Increased levels of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, leads to increased phytoplankton growth.

Why was the concern over global cooling replaced with a concern over global warming? a. The science community needed a cause to frighten the general population. b. Steady surface temperature increases were noted between the 1970's and 90's. c. Air pollution only became a concern in the 1980's. d. Scientists observed severe ocean acidification.

b. Steady surface temperature increases were noted between the 1970's and 90's.

Succession performs a variety of functions within ecosystems. What is the main reason that succession is important in maintaining ecosystems? a. Succession allows the earth to change. b. Succession ultimately leads to climax communities, which are stable and sustainable. c. Succession keeps pollution from harming ecosystems. d. Succession allows simple organisms to play a larger role in ecosystems than normal

b. Succession ultimately leads to climax communities, which are stable and sustainable.

Which of the following continents was not covered by ice during the Pleistocene ice age? a. Europe b. Asia c. Australia d. North America

c. Australia

Which of the following is not a current theory regarding global climate change? a. Global warming will stimulate crop growth. b. Even the moderate projections on global warming will cause devastation. c. Higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will have no effect. d. Sea levels will rise as a result of global warming.

c. Higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will have no effect.

Which of the following best explains why air pollution that was once blamed for global cooling is now considered responsible for global warming? a. Pollution began reflecting sunlight and heat rather than absorbing it. b. Evidence of global warming became overwhelming. c. Scientists mistakenly thought pollution reflected sunlight and heat rather than absorbed it. d. Congress required scientists to assign a cause to global climate change.

c. Scientists mistakenly thought pollution reflected sunlight and heat rather than absorbed it.

How does an increase in the annual melt season in Antarctica have a global effect? a. It causes an increase in heat related illness and death. b. It causes the global concentration of carbon dioxide to decrease. c. The water in the melting glaciers can cause sea levels to rise. d. None of the above is true.

c. The water in the melting glaciers can cause sea levels to rise.

Environmental factors can cause various changes in ecosystems. Which of the following would most likely have the greatest lasting effect on an ecosystem? a. a seasonal excess of fertilizer runoff b. a disease among a population c. change to the landscape from construction d. seasonal drought

c. change to the landscape from construction

Which of the following is a negative effect of algal blooms on the environment? a. transport of carbon to the bottom of the ocean b. production of oxygen c. consumption of water's oxygen d. large source of energy

c. consumption of water's oxygen

Which of the following is not a possible effect of increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere? a. increase in water contamination and floods b. ocean acidification c. cutting down forests d. reduction of cold-related deaths

c. cutting down forests

Which of the following could be both a natural and a human cause of succession? a. lava flow b. overcutting c. fire d. wind

c. fire

Which of the following does not lead to an increase in phytoplankton reproduction? a. increased nutrient availability b. increased sunlight c. increased oxygen levels d. increased levels of carbon dioxide

c. increased oxygen levels

Which of the following is not a manmade cause of global warming? a. burning fossil fuels b. deforestation c. respiration d. population growth

c. respiration

Which of the following would most likely be a cause of primary succession? a. farming b. overhunting c. volcano d. defoliation

c. volcano

How is a climax community different than a primitive community? a. The types of organisms present in a climax community are more complex. b. Primitive communities tend to have less biodiversity than climax communities. c. Climax communities are more stable than primitive communities. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

How can local environmental changes have global effects? a. Organisms can move from one environment to another. b. Air and water move from region to region. c. Increased carbon dioxide in one location can cause increased temperatures in other locations. d. All of the above are true

d. All of the above are true

"In a 2009 study, presented by the National Academy of Science, 97% of climate scientists agree that human activity is causing global warming." Which of the following statements is best supported by this study? a. Most climate scientists dispute the theory of human influence on global warming. b. Global warming is most likely alarmist propaganda based on false data. c. Global warming is definitely not caused by human influence on nature. d. Most climate scientists believe that there is evidence that explains global warming.

d. Most climate scientists believe that there is evidence that explains global warming.

Changes to the global climate could include _______. a. changes to temperature b. changes to pressure c. changes to precipitation d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Ecosystems change when _______. a. living components of an ecosystem change b. nonliving components of an ecosystem change c. their stability is disrupted d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Succession is affected by _______. a. climate b. soil c. geography d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Which of the following is not a way in which humans directly impact algal bloom production? a. industrial pollution b. wastewater discharge c. fertilizer in aquatic ecosystems d. fishing

d. fishing

Greenhouse gases are best described as _______. a. the result of fossil fuel use b. gases that cause the greenhouse effect c. carbon dioxide and methane d. gases that trap energy from the sun in Earth's atmosphere

d. gases that trap energy from the sun in Earth's atmosphere

Environmental factors can have various effects on ecosystems. In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused significant damage in several states along the Gulf Coast, including Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Thousands of people were evacuated from their homes due to flooding and other damage caused by the storm. What environmental impact would Hurricane Katrina not have caused? early onset of spring change in marine ecosystems change in animal migration change in habitats

early onset of spring