ch 5

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Anemia

A Caucasian patient with pale skin is treated for low blood pressure with medication that elevates the blood pressure; however, the skin's pallor does not change. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the pallor in this patient

epidermis and dermis

A blister is a fluid-filled pocket that separates the

Epidermis

An injection is administered through the skin using a hypodermic needle. Identify the first integumentary structure through which the needle will pass

an iron deficiency

An outward concavity of the nail (koilonychias or "spoon nail," may signal

begin functioning at puberty

Apocrine sweat glands ___

women developing coarse terminal hairs in a masculine distribution

Hirsutism is a condition characterized by

thermoregulation

If a person were born without eccrine glands, what skin function would he or she have a hard time completing

They would have brittle, more easily broken hair

If an individual was unable to produce sebum, what problem would they most likely develop

friction ridges would be absent

If dermal ridges were missing, then

Stratum basale

In which layer of the epidermis are 10-25% of the cells melanocytes, a cell type that is prone to cancer in the form of melanoma

dark areas in the axillae and around the neck

Insulin resistance and high blood glucose can cause the skin to have_________

Stratum granulosum

Keratinocytes die when they migrate away from their source of nutrients in the underlying dermis. Above which layer of the epidermis are keratinocytes too far from the dermal capillaries to survive

areolar connective tissue

Layer B is composed primarily of __________

It indicates that her blood is low in oxygen

Liliana's cyanosis is clinically significant because

It's significant because the cells of the epidermis protect against evaporative water loss, UV radiation, and infection

Liliana's epidermal layer has been damaged. Which statement best explains the significance of this damage

pallor, or blanching

Low blood pressure and anemia can cause __________________ of the skin

Ingest foreign substances and are key activators of our immune system

Match the following cells with their function: Dendritic (Langerhans) cells

Make a fibrous protein for skin protection

Match the following cells with their function: Keratinocytes

Sensory detection

Match the following cells with their function: Tactile epithelial cells

Possible heart failure; possible respiratory disorders

Match the following change in skin color with its associated clinical signs of disease: Cyanosis

Fever, inflammation, or allergy

Match the following changes in skin color with their associated clinical signs of disease: Redness or erythema

Produce a tough fibrous protein that gives the epidermis most of its protective qualities

Match the following epidermal cell type with its function: Keratinocytes

Produce a pigment that protects against ultraviolet radiation

Match the following epidermal cell type with its function: Melanocytes

Sensory receptors for touch

Match the following epidermal cell type with its function: Tactile epithelial cells

Secrete a hypotonic filtrate of the blood (99% water with some salts and traces of metabolic wastes)

Match the following glands with their functions: Eccrine sweat glands

Primarily confined to the axillary, anal, and genital regions

Match the following glands with their location: Apocrine sweat glands

Found only in the pectoral region

Match the following glands with their location: Mammary glands

Found all over the body except the palms and soles

Match the following glands with their location: Sebaceous glands

Sweat

Match the following glands with their secretion: Sudoriferous glands

Body hair of children and adult females

Match the following hair feature with its description: Vellus hair

Bundle of smooth muscle tissue running from the superficial dermis to the hair follicle; responsible for producing "goose bumps"

Match the following hair follicle-associated structure with its description: Arrector pili

The expanded, deep region of a hair follicle

Match the following hair follicle-associated structure with its description: Hair bulb

Distal edge of the nail

Match the following nail structure with its description: Free edge

Epidermis

Match the following nail structure with its description: Nail bed

Yellow to orange

Match the following pigment with its associated color: Carotene

Red

Match the following pigment with its associated skin color: Hemoglobin

Single row of cells mainly composed of keratinocyte stem cells

Match the following skin layer with its description: Stratum basale

Many cell layers of dead keratinocytes filled with keratin (outermost epidermal layer)

Match the following skin layer with its description: Stratum corneum

One to five layers of flattened keratinocytes with keratohyaline and lamellar granules

Match the following skin layer with its description: Stratum granulosum

A thin, translucent band consisting of a few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes

Match the following skin layer with its description: Stratum lucidum

Several cell layers thick, with intermediate filaments, keratinocytes and dendritic (Langerhans) cells

Match the following skin layer with its description: Stratum spinosum

Dense irregular connective tissue

Match the following structure with its primary tissue type: Reticular dermis

Yellowish coloring of skin caused by an accumulation of the pigment bilirubin

Match the following term with its associated skin condition: Jaundice

mammary glands

Milk-producing glands in the breast

in thin skin, the stratum lucidum appears to be absent

One main difference between thin skin and thick skin is that ________

seborrhea, a disease characterized by red, itchy lesions on the scalp

Overactive sebaceous glands can cause

Papillary dermis

Pathogens that breach the protective epidermis will encounter phagocytes and other defensive cells that wander through the loose connective tissue of which region

Stratum corneum

Select the layer of the epidermis that contains anucleate cells, or cells that no longer have nuclei

Calf

Select the structure that would not have prominent flexure lines Calf Wrist Finger Sole Toe

Maintaining homeostasis

Skin appendages like hair and hair follicles, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous (oil) glands each plays a unique role in which of the following

carcinoma

Skin cancer arising in the stratum basale is called basal cell

parallel to cleavage lines

Surgical incisions are more likely to heal better when they are made _____________ in the skin

second-degree burn

Susan sat out in the sun watching a baseball game. She developed small blisters on her unprotected shoulders and neck. What type of burn is represented by the formation of the blisters

body hair of females

Terminal hair is located in all of the following areas, except the body hair of females scalp of males and females axillary region of males pubic region of males face of males

dermis

The deep layer of skin

Dense irregular connective tissue

The dermis is primarily composed of which tissue type

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue

The epidermis is composed of which of the following tissues

produce earwax

The role of ceruminous glands is to

metabolic

The skin is not a __________ barrier

can dissolve the lipid bilayers of epidermal and dermal cell plasma membranes

The skin is permeable to organic solvents, such as acetone or paint thinner, because they

the plasma of the blood flowing through the numerous dermal blood vessels

The source of the fluid that accumulates in a blister is

Papillary dermis

Touch receptors called tactile (Meissner's) corpuscles are found in which region

to lubricate hair and prevent infection

What is the function of the structure at A

To provide protection against the sun's UV rays

What is the primary function of melanin

Areolar connective tissue

What is the tissue type of the Papillary dermis

sebaceous glands

Which glands secrete an oily product that softens the skin and hair

C

Which layer is composed primarily of dense irregular connective tissue

Tactile epithelial cells

Which of the following cells function as sensory receptors for touch

Keratinocytes

Which of the following cells would one not expect to find in the dermis? Keratinocytes Mast cells Fibroblasts Macrophages Neutrophils

Lamellar granules

Which of the following epidermal components possesses a waterproofing glycolipid that functions in preventing water loss

Eccrine sweat glands

Which of the following glands are especially abundant on the palms, soles, and forehead

Apocrine sweat glands

Which of the following human integumentary system glands are believed to be the human equivalent of the sexual scent glands of an animal

synthesis of a vitamin D precursor

Which of the following is a metabolic function of skin? A) elimination of nitrogenous wastes B) cutaneous sensation C) body temperature regulation D) synthesis of a vitamin D precursor

Hair's main function in humans is to sense insects on the skin before they bite or sting us

Which of the following is true of hair

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Which of the following lists the layers of the epidermis in thick skin in the correct order from deep to superficial

Friction ridges and sweat pores

Which of the following structures are primarily responsible for fingerprints Friction ridges and sweat pores Dermal ridges and epidermal ridges Sweat pores and dermal ridges Reticular dermis and sweat pores Papillary dermis and epidermal ridges

border regularity

Which of the following would not be a correct characteristic of melanoma? A) asymmetry B) diameter of 12 mm C) color that is dark black or brown D) border regularity

to supply cells to replace those lost from the epidermis

Which of these is NOT a function of the layer at D

apocrine gland: thermoregulation

Which skin function is not correctly matched with the structure that accounts for that function? A) tactile corpuscles: cutaneous sensation B) keratinocytes: physical barrier C) apocrine gland: thermoregulation D) eccrine glands: excretion

melanin

Which skin pigment is made in the skin as a natural defense against UV radiation

stratum basale

Which stratum of the epidermis contains the stem cells responsible for regenerating the more superficial layers

C

Which structure is a type of sweat gland

B

Which structure represents lines that are important to surgeons because when an incision is made parallel to these lines, the skin gapes less and heals more readily

pain receptors

Which type of cell or cellular structure is not found in the epidermis

Inflammation causes increased blood flow

Why does your skin remain red after a bad sunburn

destruction of underlying pain receptors

Why would a third-degree burn be less painful than a first- or second-degree burn involving the same body area

There are fewer collagen and elastic fibers in the reticular layer of the dermis as we age, contributing to wrinkling and increased susceptibility to tearing of the skin

You have learned that tape or adhesive bandages must be removed carefully from the skin on patients who are elderly to avoid tearing their fragile skin. What accounts for the fragility of their skin

Basal cell carcinoma rarely spreads to other tissues. Removal of the lesion is curative in 99% of cases

Your patient is upset to learn that the biopsy of a lesion on her skin is consistent with basal cell carcinoma. She has heard that skin cancer can be deadly. Which response to her distress is most appropriate

subcutaneous injection

an injection given under the skin

melanocytes

cells that produce melanin

black/dark

melan-