Ch. 5: Fats

False

Lipids enter the bloodstream directly after digestion.

Decrease dietary saturated fat intake

Making which dietary change can help lower LDL cholesterol levels?

True

Most of the triglycerides in food reach the stomach without being chemically digested.

intestines

Our bodies synthesize cholesterol in the liver and _________.

20 to 35 percent

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for fat is ______ of total energy.

lowering blood lipid levels and lowering blood pressure

The DASH diet can be helpful in reducing risk for CVD by ____.

pancreas

The gallbladder, liver, and _______ assist in fat digestion.

chitosan

The main ingredient in many current fat blockers is ________.

7- 20 percent

The recommended intake of saturated fats is less than ________ of total energy intake.

prostate cancer

The strongest association between dietary fat intake and cancer relates to _______.

Walnuts

To increase intake of omega-3 fatty acids, include fish, canola oil, ground flax seeds, or _____ in your diet.

three

Triglycerides consist of _____ fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone

triglycerides

Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) primarily transport _____ to the body's cells.

Micelles

What are clusters of fatty acids, monoglycerides, and other lipids surrounded by bile salts that transport lipids across the cell membrane of the villi

Diabetes

What is not a common form of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

One cup yogurt with half a cup fruit and nuts

Which breakfast follows the guidelines of the DASH diet?

Pancreatic lipase

Which enzyme is responsible for the majority of the digestions of lipids?

Corn oil, walnuts, Safflower oil, tuna

Which group of foods is a good source of polyunsaturated fats?

Arterial injury, inflammation, fatty streak, plaque formation

Which is the correct sequence of events in the development of atherosclerosis?

Pancreatic lipases break down the triglycerides into two free fatty acids and a monoglyceride.

Which of the following statements about lipid-digesting enzymes is correct?

sterol

Cholesterol is the most common ______ in the diet

90

A meal containing 10 g of fat provides _____ kcal from fat.

70

About 30 to _______ percent of the energy used at rest comes from fat.

Vitamin D

An example of a compound synthesized from cholesterol is ________.

arteries

Atherosclerosis is a disease of narrowing of the _______.

essential fatty acids

Diets extremely low in fat may be deficient in ________.

hydrogen

Every carbon atom in a saturated fat is saturated with __________

Small intestine

Fat blockers are said to decrease the amount of fat absorbed in the ________.

false

Fat is digested and absorbed by the same process that digests and absorbs carbohydrates and proteins.

Adipose tissue

Fat is stored in _________ for later use.

9

Fat provides ______ kcals of energy per gram.

immediately

Fatty acids can be used _______ by cells for energy.

fast food

High fat intake is especially difficult to avoid if you regularly eat ___________.

Lipid buildup leads to impaired blood flow.

How does atherosclerosis contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease?

stroke

Hypertension (high blood pressure) signals an increased risk of heart attack and ________.

When fat is present in the duodenum, the small intestine releases the hormone cholecystokinin, which among other roles stimulates the pancreas to release digestive enzymes.

Which of the following statements about the hormones that regulate lipid digestion is correct?

Chylomicrons are the least dense of the lipoproteins; they contain the least amount of protein and the most lipids compared to VLDLs, LDLs, or HDLs.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the density of lipoproteins?

VLDLs deliver fat to the body's tissues.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the function of each lipoprotein?

Monoglycerides, free fatty acids, and other lipids are packaged into a micelle and transported into the enterocytes.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the process of lipid digestion?

VLDLs are primarily formed in the liver.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the source of each lipoprotein?

Bile salts act to emulsify lipids in the small intestine, which helps pancreatic lipase access fats for further digestion.

Which of the following statements describes the nature of emulsification?

Chylomicrons are formed within intestinal cells to transport digested fats and other lipids through the lymph system.

Which of the following statements is correct about the process of fat digestion?

-Fats are nonessential nutrients.

Which of the following statements is false? -Once absorbed, dietary fat is transported from the intestinal cells to the blood through the lymph fluid. -Significant chemical digestion begins in the duodenum. -Bile plays a role in digestion. -Fats are nonessential nutrients.

Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)

________, which transports cholesterol to cells of the body, has the highest cholesterol content of lipoproteins.