Ch. 5 Questions

Rhonda had tartar sauce with her fish one night. The next morning she was nauseated and sick for much of the day. The next time she was offered the chance to go out for fish, she felt queasy and declined. Her queasiness at the thought of fish with tartar sauce was probably due to...?

A conditioned taste aversion

Learning can best be described as...?

A relatively permanent change in behavior

Which of the following is the best example of applied behavior analysis? a. Tiffany works with children by asking them what they want to accomplish and then helping them attain that goal through different forms of classical conditioning b. Camille wants children to learn a new behavior and uses punishment as the basis for the behavior change c. Agatha observes a child to see purpose a disruptive classroom a behavior serves, identifies new replacement behavior, then implements training program for new behavior...

Agatha

What is the correct sequence of the four elements of observational learning?

Attention, memory, imitation, desire

Caitlin works in the psychology department's rat lab. In her studies, she found that many of her lab rats would develop a conditioned taste aversion to certain foods after as little as one trial. Caitlin's psychology professor refers t this as a classic example of...?

Biological preparedness

Cindy had cheesy tacos at a local Mexican restaurant. Later she became terribly ill and suffered bouts of nausea and vomiting. What might we predict based on conditioned taste aversion research?

Cindy will get nauseated

Michael noticed that whenever he moved his dog's food dish, his dog would come into the kitchen and act hungry and excited. He reasoned that because he feeds the dog using that dish, the sound of the dish had become a(n)...?

Conditioned Stimulus

With operant conditioning, ____ are important in forming an association, whereas with classical conditioning, ____ are important in forming an association

Consequences; antecedent stimuli

During the cold winter, you have stopped taking your dog for walks. What's more, your dog has gotten used to the fact that when you accidentally rattle his leash, he isn't going for a walk, and subsequently he doesn't come running to the front door. What has occurred?

Extinction

The study by Keller and Marian Breland found that instinctive drift in animal behavior is...?

Genetically determined and not under the influence of learning

In Tolman's maze study, the fact that the group of rats receiving only after day 10 of the study solved the maze far more quickly than did the rats who had been reinforced from the first day can be interpreted to mean that these particular rats...?

Had already learned the maze in the first 9 days

Which of the following is an example of Thorndike's law of effect? a. John gets compliments from Carla for wearing a nice shirt so John wears the shirt whenever he thinks he will be seeing Carla b. Josh tries to complete his homework even though he hates having to do it c. Jeremy often sits around inside hoping that someone will call him to go do something d. James always cleans his room or he knows he will be punished

John

Which theory is commonly referred to as the "aha!" phenomenon?

Kohler's insight theory

Lisa's parents have decided to take a 3-week trip to Europe. Consequently, Lisa's mother will not be able to make her famous pies for the upcoming bake sale. When her mother encourages Lisa to bake the pies herself, Lisa panics at first but then she finds that she knows how to put the recipe together. Her ability to prepare the recipe is an example of...?

Latent learning

Bandura's studies found that learning can take place without actual performance. What is this referred to as?

Learning/performance distinction

Edgar can't sleep because he's worried about his research paper. Edgar decides to get out of bed and continue working on the paper. Although he stays up to nearly 3 AM he is relieved that it is done and easily fall off to sleep. In the future, Edgar will be more likely to finish his work before going to bed so that he can avoid the worry and sleeplessness. Such behavior is an example of...?

Negative Reinforcement

Little Jimmie's mother was upset to find that Jimmie had not picked up his blocks after repeated requests. Later, Jimmie found all his blocks had been picked up an put in a bag on the top of the fridge. His mother told him that he couldn't paly with his block for 2 days. Which type of disciple did she use?

Punishment by removal

Rescorla found that the CS must ____ the UCS for conditioning to take place.

Replace

Helen has overcome her fear of toy snakes. However, on one occasion her fear returned when she found a toy snake in the cushions of her couch. Such a reaction is called...?

Spontaneous recovery

A child has been classically conditioned to fear a white rat. If the child does not show fear when shown a black rat, this is called...?

Stimulus discrimination

Ever since she was scared by a dog as a young child, Angelica has been afraid of all dogs. The fact that she is not only afraid of the original dog but all types of dogs is an example of...

Stimulus generalization

Which of the following statements is essential to classical conditioning?

The CS and UCS must come close together in time

At home, you rattle the chain on your dog's leash every time you prepare to take him for a walk. After a few times, your dog comes running to the front door even when you just move the leash. In this example, what is the conditioned stimulus?

The sound of the leash

In Watson's experiment with "Little Albert," the conditioned stimulus was...?

The white rat

Tabitha signed up for a new credit card that offers reward miles for every purchase. Tabitha plans to make as many purchases as she can accumulate enough miles to go on trip over spring break. Such an approach is an example of...?

Token economy

Which of the following would be an example of vicarious classical conditioning? a. As a young child, Tony frequently observed his older sisters jump around and scream whenever any of them saw a spider, as they were very afraid of them. Subsequently, Tony experiences feelings of fear when he sees a spider. b. Tonja watches her grandfather check the air pressure in her bike tire and the use a hand pump to add air to the tire. She is later able to check the air pressure and pump up the tire herself c. Tommy is told about a new product from a close friend and decides to buy it for himself d. A cat responds to the sound of a bell because it sounds similar to a bell it hears on the TV

Tony

Joe owned a small repair shop. Each day, he would check the mail to see if any of his customers mailed in a payment for the work he had done for them. Some days, he would receive a check or two. At other times, he would have to wait days before getting another payment. What schedule of reinforcement is evident here?

Variable interval

Research by Steven Maier suggests that learned helplessness may be due to a higher-level region of the brain known as the ____, which helps subjects determine what is controllable

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Neurofeedback is a form of ____ and works to change a person's _____ through a series of reinforcements

biofeedback; brain activity

To a dog, ____ is an example of a primary reinforcer, whereas ____ is an example of a secondary reinforcer.

dog food; a Frisbee

Positive reinforcement results in a ____ in the target behavior and negative reinforcement results in a ____ in the target behavior

increase; increase

Sheila almost got hit by a car at a street corner. From that day on, Sheila looks before she reaches the street corner. Her change in behavior is a result of...?

learning