Ch. 5 Unit Test

10. Scores on infant intelligence tests do not predict scores on tests later in childhood very well because ________________. a. infant tests rely on babies' sensory and motor skills b. it is impossible to measure intelligence in infants c. all infants are equally intelligent d. they do not have appropriate norms

A

15. The rapid increase in vocabulary growth that occurs between 16 and 24 months is called ________________. a. the naming explosion c. overextension b. telegraphic speech d. verbal representation

A

16. According to this chapter, intelligence is ________________. a. the ability to take in and use information to function within a particular environment b. the ability to function well within one's family c. the ability to rapidly solve problems d. the ability to use information and solve problems across a variety of cultures

A

24. Chun Lee surprised his mother when he climbed to the top shelf of the pantry in search of a cookie when she wasn't looking. Chun Lee's behavior is consistent with substage ________________ of the sensorimotor stage. a. 6 c. 4 b. 5 d. 3

A

5. In infants between the ages of 12 and 18 months, single words combined with gestures and intonation function as sentences. These utterances are called ________________. a. holophrases c. overregularizations b. telegraphic speech d. overextensions

A

9. Inflections are ________________. a. grammatical markers b. changes in pitch c. the special features of language that adults use when they speak to infants d. informal rules for turn-taking that speakers follow

A

11. Most children who talk later than others ________________. a. have some type of intellectual disability b. catch up with their peers by the time they enter school c. progress slowly through Piaget's sensorimotor stage d. come from homes with insufficient linguistic stimulation

B

12. Which term refers to the words that an infant understands? a. expressive language c. grammatical language b. receptive language d. infant-directed speech

B

19. Infant intelligence tests are poor predictors of later intellectual performance because they primarily measure a. cognitive skills such as object permanence b. sensory and motor skills c. individual differences in rates of language development d. the effects of early educational experiences such as daycare attendance

B

2. Which statement about deferred imitation is true? a. A 14-month-old can defer imitation for up to a week. b. Nine-month-olds can defer their imitation for as long as 24 hours. c. Deferred imitation doesn't happen until at least 18 months of age. d. The longest that a child under 14 months of age can defer imitation is 3-4 hours.

B

20. Lucy discovered that by kicking the side of her crib, she could cause the mobile that is mounted on it to shake. Since then, she kicks the side of the crib every time her parents put her to bed and squeals with joy when she sees the mobile shaking. Lucy's behavior fits Piaget's notion of a ________________. a. primary circular reaction b. secondary circular reaction c. tertiary circular reaction d. sensorimotor circular reaction

B

25. Which statement about infant memory is false? a. Infant memories are strongly tied to the context in which they occurred. b. Infants younger than 3 months of age do not form memories. c. Lost infant memories can be reactivated with contextual cues. d. Memory abilities improve dramatically over the first 6 months.

B

13. The A-not-B error refers to an infant's ________________. a. lack of object permanence b. inability to identify the source of a sound c. tendency to look for a hidden object where it was last seen d. inability to exhibit deferred imitation

C

14. According to Piaget, which of the following behaviors indicate that an infant is nearing the end of the first stage of cognitive development? a. means-end behavior c. deferred imitation b. primary circular reactions d. object permanence

C

21. ________________ argue that language development is a subprocess of general cognitive development. a. Learning theorists c. Interactionists b. Nativists d. Cognitive developmentalists

C

22. Which of the following items are included in the Bayley-III scales of infant intelligence but were not included in earlier versions? a. items that assess motor skills b. items that assess sensory skills c. items that assess cognitive and language development d. items that assess sensorimotor intelligence

C

23. ________________ cite research showing that children's language errors follow rules in support of their theories of language development. a. Interactionists b. Nativists c. Both interactionists and nativists d. Neither interactionists nor nativists

C

3. According to this chapter, what happens when an infant's vocabulary reaches 50 words? a. She begins to speak in sentences. b. She adds intonations to her speech that show she can distinguish between statements and questions. c. A vocabulary growth spurt begins. d. Her speech becomes more understandable.

C

7. Which of the following theorists proposed that a structure in the brain called the language acquisition device (LAD) is responsible for the similarities in language development that have been found in infants around the world? a. Melissa Bower c. Noam Chomsky b. B. F. Skinner d. Dan Slobin

C

8. ________________ learning from repeated exposure to particular experiences results in the development of "known" combinations of activities, or expectancies. a. Observational c. Schematic b. Sensorimotor d. Linguistic

C

1. According to Piaget, what kind of thinking is developed and refined during infancy? a. sensory accommodations b. schematic motor learning c. primary sensory reactions d. sensorimotor intelligence

D

17. With regard to culture and language development, which statement is false? a. Cooing, babbling, and holophrases appear in the same order in all cultures. b. In young infants in all cultures, receptive vocabulary is larger than expressive vocabulary. c. Turkish infants do not exhibit telegraphic speech. d. The word order in infants' telegraphic speech is the same in all cultures.

D

18. In which substage did Piaget find that infants develop means- end behavior? a. substage 1 c. substage 3 b. substage 2 d. substage 4

D

4. What researcher demonstrated the importance of contextual cues in infant memory? a. Piaget c. Spelke b. Baillargeon d. Rovee-Collier

D

6. In an experiment, a researcher finds that infants given sweet liquids suck more rapidly than infants who are given nonsweet liquids This demonstrates that infant learning is influenced by ________________. a. delayed gratification c. classical conditioning b. deferred gratification d. operant conditioning

D