Ch 6 & 7

-Summarize results of several empirical studies -Statements tested repeatedly and not disproved

Empirical Generalizations

-Set of defined concepts and propositions -Presents systematic view of a phenomenon -Helps describe, explain, or predict -written in Propositional statements -Always subjective, subject to revision -Never true or proven

Theory

Name type of framework. -Develops when no existing theory fits -Helps explain relationship between concepts -Based on more than one theory -Concepts related in logical manner -Less well-developed structure -May result in another theory

Conceptual Framework

-Shows relationship between broad, general concepts (e.g., person, environment, health, nursing) -Generally abstract and not easily observable

Conceptual Model

What are some examples of Grey Literature?

Conference proceedings Dissertations Theses Technical reports Unpublished research reports Government reports and documents

Made-up term; highly abstract Very complex phenomenon Cannot be directly observed Must be inferred by more concrete indicators

Construct ex. mental health, wellness, self-esteem, assertiveness

World's largest source of education research and education-related information

Education Resources Information Center (ERIC)

What is a statement that asserts the relationship btwn concepts?

propositional statement

Where can you go to look up Grey literature? And how often are reports updated?

-The New York Academy of Medicine Library -Publishes a bimonthly report of grey literature

When critiquing the study framework section of research reports you must first find the section where it is located. Where should you look?

-sometimes there is a heading for the section -introductory section - review of literature

Guidelines for critiquing the study Framework? 1-9

1.Is the framework clearly identified? 2. Is the framework based on a theory? 3. Does the framework appear to be appropriate? 4. Are the concepts clearly defined? 5. Are the relationships among the concepts clearly presented? 6. Are the propositional statements that guide the question or hypothesis identified? 7. Are operational definitions provided for the theoretical concepts to be tested? 8. Are the findings related back to the framework? 9. Do the findings provide support for the framework?

The nurse researcher is studying a topic associated with education. Which data base will be most helpful to this nurse? 1. psycInfo 2. ERIC 3. Proquest Nursing And Allied Health Source 4. Medline

2. ERIC

1. become familiar with existing literature on a subject 2.establish a framework in which to place the study results 3. In a quantitative study, this involves locating _________ or _________ formulations that will help guide the study 4. the research hypotheses or questions will be based off of the framework 5. interpret the research findings in light of the framework

3. In a quantitative study, this involves locating theoretical or conceptual formulations that will help guide the study

Which of the following databases is available only through the library? A. WorldCat B. Haz-Map C. MEDLINE D. TOXNET

A. WorldCat

Deriving a propositional statement from a theory involves the logical reasoning process called? A. deduction B. conceptualization C. induction D. critical analysis

A. deduction

Which of the following statements regarding theory is false? A. it proves the relationship btwn variables B. It describes the relationship btwn variables. C. It explains the relationship btwn variables. D. It contains propositional statements.

A. it proves the relationship btwn variables

Most research articles that appear in the journal of Nursing Research are examples of A. primary resources B. secondary sources C. meta-analysis D. Systematic reviews

A. primary resources

Which of the following statements is true about online databases? A. No online databases are available to the general public B. Some online databases are available to the general public C. Most people are not interested in online databases

B. Some online databases are available to the general public

Which of the following is the most important reason for conducting a review of the literature before conducting a research study? A. The research design can be copied from a previous study. B. A determination will be mad about the existing knowledge in the identified problem area. C. The feasibility of the study can be determined

B. A determination will be mad about the existing knowledge in the identified problem area.

Which of the following sources should be searched for a 1980 article published in the American Journal of Nursing? A. CINHAL Database B. CINHAL Plus C. Medline Plus D. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

B. CINHAL Plus

In conducting a literature review, the reader is least interested in which of the following information about a research study? A.research study results B. opinions about the research study C. how the research variables were operatively defined D. research study methodology

B. opinions about the research study

Which of these printed indexes does not have an online version? A.Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature B. Index Medicines C. Nursing Studies Index

C. Nursing Studies Index

How can you best determine if primary sources are listed on the reference list of an article? A. Access each reference yourself B. Make personal contact with the article C. The reference list contains articles form research journals

C. The reference list contains articles form research journals

Which of the following is not one of the common concepts that are included in nearly all of the nursing conceptual models? A. person B. environment C. death D. health E. nursing

C. death

You are trying to help a client stop consuming foods high in carbohydrates. Which one of the following models/theories would probably be most appropriate? A. anxiety theory B. adult learning theory C. health belief model D. health care system model

C. health belief model

Nursing research has used the following reasoning processes? A. inductive B. deductive C. inductive and deductive D. neither

C. inductive and deductive

Which database is the newest and contains relevant information for nursing and allied health (e.g., dental hygiene, nutrition/dietetics)?

CINAHL Plus With Full Text

If you wanted to obtain the most comprehensive study results on a particular health care intervention, you would want to access which of the following databases? A. MEDLINE B. CINHAL Database C. CINHAL Plus D. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

D. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

-Helps organize the study and provides context for interpretation of the study findings -Guides research process from beginning to end -Should be used in all quantitative studies -provides a background or foundation for a study

Framework (can be theoretical or conceptual)

Which type of literature is Not commercially published, and Not indexed or available in major databases?

Grey (Also Called Gray) Literature

This database provides acess to journals in the life sciences, with a concentration on biomedicine. It also includes nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, and pharmacy. This is a massive search.

MEDLINE

Where can Consumers go for health information, where the information will be easy to read (5th and 6th grade level), and there will be free access?

Medline Plus (be careful this is not always the most accurate information)

-Symbolic representation of phenomena -Use of likeness to represent some aspect of reality -Pictorial, diagrammatic, structural (i.e. models of human heart), or mathematical -Focuses on structure and composition -Nurses are more interested in diagrams and structural form

Model

Electronic Sources Which source identifies holdings in libraries? Which source contains abstracts for most entries and full-text versions for an increasing number?

Online Catalogs - identify holdings in libraries Online Databases - contain abstracts for most entries and full-text versions for an increasing number

-A statement that shows a relationship between concepts -Derived from theories or generalizations of empirical data -it can state that two events or phenomena tend to vary together OR it can state that one variable causes another variable

Propositional Statement

Psychology, related disciplines (including nursing) > 2.8 million records Records from 1800s to present

PsycINFO

What are the steps determining the effectiveness a chosen theory?

Read the entire report Is the theory appropriate? What other theory could be used? Check for concepts and relationships Note operational definitions in study

Access to the database has been made easy for users to obtain evidence and scientific findings from abstracts of research studies, conference presentations, practice innovations, and evidence - base projects.

Registry of Nursing Research

-Building blocks of a theory -Word picture of phenomenon -Symbolizes aspect of reality -Concrete (human heart) or abstract (love)

concept

Definition: word picture of mental idea of a phenomenon Term:

concept

What is a highly abstract phenomenon that cannot be directly observed?

construct

Where can a table of contents of the most current issues of >50 nursing journals be found?

http://nursingcenter.com

If a theory is not supported by empirical evidence what will happen?

it will be discarded

In which type of source do you typically find primary sources?

journal articles

symbolic representation of some phenomenon or phenomena

model

Name type of framework. -Broad general explanation -Shows relationships between concepts -Based on one existing theory

theoretical framework

What contain propositional statements?

theory