Ch 6. Lower Limb (Tibia, Fibula & Knee)

When the leg is flexed, how does the patella moves:

Distally or downward over the patellar surface. Best shown on a lateral knee

The tibial plateau articulate with what in the body:

Femur

The fibular (lateral) collateral ligament (LCL) extends from the _________ to the _____________:

Femur Lateral proximal fibula

The patella articulates only with the ________, not with the________:

Femur........ Tibia

Where is the Fibula located in relation to the Tibia:

Laterally and Posteriorly to the Tibia.

The tapered area just below the head of the Fibula is called:

Neck of the head of the fibula

The range is 5° to 15°. 3 angle would be greater on a person:

Of short stature and a wider pelvis.

The range is 5° to 15°. 3 angle would be less on a person:

Of tall stature with a narrow pelvis.

The distal femur viewed anteriorly demonstrates the position of the:

Patella or Kneecap:

What is the role of the intercondylar eminence of the tibia:

Stabilizes the knee joint by preventing anterior or posterior movement within the knee joint

The patellofemoral joint is also part of:

The knee joint

A distinguishing difference between the medial and lateral condyles is what:

The presence of the adductor tubercle, a slightly raised area that receives the tendon of an adductor muscle

What is best seen on a slightly rotated lateral view of the distal femur and knee:

The presence of the tubercle on a posterolateral aspect of the medial condyle.

The (Axial View) or end-on view of the distal femur demonstrates what:

The relationship of the patella to the patellar surface (intercondylar sulcus or trochlear groove) of the distal femur.

What is a synovial type joint that is enclosed in an articular capsule, or bursa:

The total knee joint

Why must the medial condyle extend lower or more distally than the lateral condyle when the femoral shaft is vertical:

To cause the two condyles to be directly superimposed when the femur is parallel to the IR and the CR is angled at or between 5° to 7°

These terms are recognized as referring to this smooth, shallow triangular depression at the distal portion femur that extends up under the lower part of the patella:

Trochlear groove = (Trochlea means pulley or pulley-shaped structure in reference to the medial and lateral condyles) Intercondylar sulcus = (Sulcus means a groove or depression.) Patellar surface

The posterior view of the distal femur best demonstrates:

The distal and posterior separation of the two large, rounded condyles by a deep intercondylar fossa or notch, above the popliteal surface

The patella articulates with the anterior surface of:

The distal femur

The presence of this adductor tubercle on the medial condyle allows the viewer to determine:

Whether the knee is under-rotated or over-rotated to correct a positioning error when the knee is not in a true lateral position

The knee joint proper is a large complex joint that primarily involves:

The femorotibial joint between the two condyles of the femur and the corresponding condyles of the tibia.

The patella (kneecap) outer or anterior surface is convex and rough, and the inner or posterior surface is smooth and oval-shaped for articulation with what:

The femur

The proximal fibula does not articulate with any aspect of:

The femur

The patella, Is embedded in the tendon of the what:

Large quadriceps femoris muscle

Tibial Tuberosity is a rough-textured prominence located where:

On the midanterior surface of the Tibia just distal to the condyles.

The medial and lateral epicondyles, which can be palpated, are rough prominences for attachments of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments where are they located:

On the outermost portions of the condyles.

The medial and lateral intercondylar tubercles are located where:

On the superior surface of the tibial head between the two condyles.

Sometimes in young persons the tibial tuberosity separates from the body of the tibia, a condition known as:

Osgood-Schlatter disease

In a lateral view, the articular facets making up the tibial plateau slope_______________ in relation to the long axis of the tibia:

Posteriorly from 10° to 20°

The infrapatellar fat pad, posterior to this ligament, aids in what:

Protecting the anterior aspect of the knee joint

In what way does the fibula articulates with the tibia ______________ and the talus____________:

Proximally Distally

The epicondyles are:

Rough prominences on the outermost tips of the large medial and lateral condyles.

This sharp anterior crest just under the skin surface and often is referred to as the:

Shin or Shin bone.

What is entailed in an arthrogram radiograph:

A combination of negative and positive contrast media that has been injected into the articular capsule or bursa

In general, this angle is greater on who:

A woman than on a man.

The two collateral ligaments are strong bands at the sides of the knee that prevent:

Adduction and abduction movements at the knee

The CR must be angled as needed in relation to the image receptor (IR) and the tabletop to be parallel to the tibial plateau in order to demonstrate what ____________ on an AP knee projection.

An "open" joint space

The Patella is located where:

Anteriorly to the distal femur

The extreme proximal pointed aspect of the Fibula is known as the:

Apex of the head of the fibula.

It is a complex, saclike structure filled with a lubricating-type synovial fluid:

Articular capsule, or bursa

The body (shaft) is the long portion of the tibia is located where on the Tibia:

Between the two extremities. Along the anterior surface of the body, extending from the tibial tuberosity to the medial malleolus,

The lateral aspect of the distal extremity of the tibia forms a flattened, triangular fibular notch for articulation with:

The Distal Fibula.

The two cruciate ligaments are strong, rounded cords that cross each other as they attach to the respective anterior and posterior aspects of the:

Intercondylar eminence of the tibia.

Medial Malleolus of tibia

Is a sharp ridge called the anterior crest or border.

The distal extremity of the tibia is smaller than the proximal extremity and ends in a short pyramid-shaped process called:

The Medial Malleolus

The largest sesamoid bone in the body:

The Patella

The body (shaft) is the long, slender portion of the Fibula between:

The Proximal and Distal extremities.

It is one of the larger bones of the body, and is the weight-bearing bone of the lower leg:

The Tibia

The fibular notch is located where:

The Tibia

The patella serves to protect what:

The anterior aspect of the knee joint

What is the largest joint space of the human body:

The articular cavity of the knee joint

The patellofemoral joint space is visualized in what view of the Patella:

The axial view

The Tibia is made up of three parts:

The central body (shaft) and two extremities. proximal and medial extremities

This movement and the relationship of the patella to the distal femur is important when imaging what:

The knee joint in a tangential projection of the patellofemoral

The proximal extremity of the fibula articulates with what part of the Tibia:

The lateral aspect of the posteroinferior surface of the lateral condyle of the tibia.

The distinct "bump" on the lateral aspect of the ankle joint located at the distal end of the fibula is called:

The lateral malleolus.

The most distal part of the patella is superior or proximal to the actual knee joint by approximately ½ inch (1.25 cm) when:

The lower leg fully extended

The medial and lateral condyles are the two large processes that makeup what:

The medial and lateral aspects of the proximal tibia.

The Tibial spine includes two small pointed prominences, called:

The medial and lateral intercondylar tubercles

The posterior surface of the distal femur just proximal to the intercondylar fossa is called:

The popliteal surface

A flat triangular bone approximately 2 inches (5 cm) in diameter describes what:

The patella (kneecap)

A partial flexion of almost 45°, demonstrates what:

The patella being pulled only partially downward

The flexion of 90°, of the Patella, demonstrates what:

The patella moves down farther over the distal portion of the femur

What happens to the patella when the lower leg is flexed:

The patella moves downward and is drawn inward into the intercondylar groove or sulcus.

What ligament is part of the large quadriceps femoris muscle, extending over the patella to the tibial tuberosity:

The patellar ligament

What major knee ligaments can be viewed in a posterior view of the Proximal Tibiofibular Joint:

The tibial (medial) collateral ligament (MCL) Located medially The major posterior and anterior cruciate (kroo′-she-at) ligaments

The upper articular surface of the condyles includes two smooth concave articular facets, commonly called:

The tibial plateau,

The rounded distal portions of the medial and lateral condyles contain smooth articular surfaces for articulation with the:

Tibia

The ______________ is located on the proximal extremity of the tibia:

Tibial Tuberosity

This tuberosity is the distal attachment of the patellar tendon, which connects to the large muscle of the anterior thigh.

Tibial Tuberosity

The intercondylar eminence is also known as the:

Tibial spine

The patella itself most often is superior to the patellar surface When:

With the leg fully extended