Ch 6 Practice questions

The nuclear membrane is:

A double membrane

Photosynthetic organelles found in plants and algae cells __________

Chloroplasts

In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization.

The nucleus is found in plant and animal cells and contains

Genetic material, DNA

This cellular organelle modifies, sorts, and routes proteins and lipids to their next destination ___________ ___________

Golgi apparatus

This cellular organelle contains digestive enzymes and a very low pH; it digests nutrients and recycles old organelles _________

Lysosomes

Phospholipid bilayer is a

Membranes that are formed by a 2 layers of phospholipids

Straight hollow tubes of tubulin protein; they give rigidity, shape and organization to a cell is called ___________

Microtubules

This cellular structure is inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes

Nucleolus

__________ are membrane-bound metabolic compartments that specialize in the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and its conversion to water.

Peroxisomes

In plant cells, the cell membrane can form a channel by which substances can pass directly from one cell to the next. What is the name given to these channels?

Plasmodesmata

Which cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles and are in bacteria and archaea?

Prokaryotic cells

_______________ use instructions from DNA to build proteins. Some are found on endoplasmic reticulum, some float in the cytoplasm.

Ribosomes

Which of the following groups is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell?

Ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Someone who consumes a lot of alcohol would have more ___________ than someone who consumes no alcohol.

Smooth ER

This type of ribosome is attached to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

bound

This organelle is found in plant cells but not animal cells

chloroplast

This organelle is found in plants, not animals, and creates G3P from sunlight

chloroplast

n the Golgi apparatus, the _____ side is closer to the Rough and Smooth ER and the ____ side is closer to the plasma membrane.

cis; trans

These cells have membrane-bound organelles

eukaryote

This type of ribosome produces proteins that will stay within the cell

free

This organelle has a cis side and a trans side which gives it directionality

golgi apparatus

This organelle sorts lipids and proteins sent to it from the RER and SER

golgi apparatus

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they __________.

have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm

A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________.

in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

A type of cytoskeleton that is made of coiled strands of keratin

intermediate filaments

The smooth ER produces

lipids

This inside of this organelle has very low pH and contains digestive enzymes

lysosome

This organelle breaks down and recycles old organelles.

lysosome

The smallest type of cytoskeleton. Made of actin

microfilaments

The largest type of cytoskeleton, made of tubulin

microtubules

This organelle has two membranes and produces ATP

mitochondria

This organelle is found is both plants and animals. It one of only two organelles that has its own DNA

mitochondria

Which of the following organelles are found in both plants and animals?

mitochondria

The endosymbiont theory explains the origins of __________.

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Microfilaments function in cell motility including __________.

muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, and cytoplasmic streaming in plants

The endoplasmic reticulum is part of the endomembrane system, which also includes the __________.

nuclear envelope, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles

The region of a bacterial cell that contains the genetic material is called the __________.

nucleoid

This organelle has two membranes and houses DNA

nucleus

Detoxifies poisons, including alcohol

peroxisome

This structure is comprised of a phospholipid bilayer and controls what enters and exits the cell

plasma membrane

Which cell junction is similar to gap junction but is found in plants?

plasmodesmata

Cell junctions in plant cells are called __________, and communicating junctions in animal cells are called __________.

plasmodesmata; gap junctions

These cells have a cell wall but no membrane-bound organelles

prokaryote

This organelle is produces polypeptides

ribosome

This organelle has ribosomes attached to its outer surface

rough ER

This organelle modifies polypeptides produced by bound ribosomes

rough endoplasmic reticulum

This organelle produces glycoproteins

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Polypeptides are not considered to be proteins until they have which structure level?

secondary

This organelle produces lipids

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through __________.

the plasma membrane

The function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is __________.

to synthesize proteins that are secreted as glycoproteins

The Golgi Apparatus further modifies the proteins and lipids it receives from the RER and SER and then packages them in _______.

vesicles