Ch 6 Quiz, Ch 7 Quiz, Ch 8 Quiz, Ch 10 Quiz, Ch 11 Quiz

______ refer to decisions that require time and effort and result from careful information gathering, generation of alternatives, and evaluation of alternatives.

Reasoned judgments

_____ capital is the flow of minerals, lumber, and food products between countries or companies.

Resource

_____ are essential because of the high rate of change in the environment and the difficulty in predicting competitive conditions in the future and because it allows managers to plan flexibly without losing sight of the need to plan for the long term.

Rolling Plans

_____ technologies are characterized by low task variety and high task analyzability.

Routine

A planning exercise that analyzes the internal strengths and weaknesses as well as the external opportunities and threats of the external environment is referred to as:

SWOT Analysis

Which of the following allows managers to overcome bounded rationality and make the right decision? A. Unquantifiable risk B. Feedback C. Time constraint D. Satisficing E. Ambiguous information

Satisficing

______ is searching for and choosing an acceptable response, rather than trying to make the best decision.

Satisficing

_____ is the generation of multiple forecasts of future conditions followed by an analysis of how to respond effectively to each of those conditions.

Scenario planning

According to Hofstede, a national culture with a(n) _____ orientation is concerned with maintaining personal stability or happiness and living for the present.

Short-term

Recognizing goals, managing resources, and determining the actions leading to the achievement of the goals are collectively called an organization's _____.

Strategy

_____ provide an organization with the raw materials, component parts, or employees it needs to manufacture goods and render services.

Suppliers

_____ is the extent to which a job requires that a worker perform all the tasks necessary to complete the job, from the beginning to the end of the production process.

Task identity

The decisions pertaining to the goals that a department's manager proposes to pursue to help the division attain its business-level goals is called a(n) _____.

functional-level plan

The _____ includes the wide-ranging global, economic, technological, sociocultural, demographic, political, and legal forces that affect organizations.

general environment

_____ is the degree to which a worker feels his or her job is meaningful because of its effect on people inside the organization, such as coworkers, or on people outside the organization, such as customers.

Task significance

How is a product team structure different from a matrix structure?

Unlike a matrix structure, a product team structure results in employees reporting to either the product team manager or to one of his or her direct subordinates.

_____ are a set of beliefs that distinguish between what a society considers to be right and wrong, good and bad, or desirable and undesirable.

Values

The higher the barrier to entry:

the more difficult it is for a company to enter the task environment.

_____ is abroad declaration of an organization's purpose that identifies the organization's products and customers and distinguishes the organization from its competitors.

A mission statement

Which of the following is the next step once managers have recognized the need for a decision? A. Generate alternatives B. Assess alternatives C. Choose among alternatives D. Implement the chosen alternative E. Collect feedback

A. Generate alternatives

Which of the following techniques does not require a face-to-face meeting of managers? A. The Delphi technique B. Dialectical inquiry C. Brainstorming D. Nominal group technique E. Devil's advocacy

A. The Delphi technique

Which of the following occurs in a country when it loses capital? A. The rate of unemployment increases B. The standard of living rises C. The impact of recession lessens D. The gap between the rich and poor narrows E. The economy becomes more stable

A. The rate of unemployment increases

Which of the following is true of people with an internal locus of control? A. They believe that their own actions determine important outcomes such as success or failure. B. They prefer holding onto a secure job and letting go of opportunities outside the organization. C. They frequently need to hire others to help them run a business. D. They lack the skills, patience, and experience to engage in a management job. E. They lack the detailed knowledge necessary to establish state-of-the-art information systems.

A. They believe that their own actions determine important outcomes such as success or failure.

______ decisions are made in response to unusual or novel opportunities and threats.

Nonprogrammed

Which of the following is the key to a good assessment of alternative solutions? A.Defining the opportunity or threat exactly and then specifying the evaluation criteria B. Allotting the assessment of different alternatives to different managers C. Conducting a retrospective analysis of the alternatives generation step D. Recognizing the need for a decision and responding in a timely manner E. Ensuring that information is complete

A.Defining the opportunity or threat exactly and then specifying the evaluation criteria

_____ refers to the power vested in a manager to make decisions and use resources to achieve organizational goals.

Authority

_____ is the degree to which a job gives an employee the freedom and discretion needed to schedule different tasks and decide how to carry them out.

Autonomy

Which of the following customers exhibits brand loyalty?A. Desmond, who always buys his coats from brands that offer the biggest discount, regardless of quality B. Carrie, who only buys shoes designed by Footprint, even when other brands offer less expensive alternatives C. Martin, who always buys his gadgets from brands reviewed and recommended by the magazine "Gizmo Geek" D. Valerie, who always asks for vanilla ice cream when she's at the Arctic Ice Cream Parlor E. Andy, who only wears designer jeans and has one from each major brand

B. Carrie, who only buys shoes designed by Footprint, even when other brands offer less expensive alternatives

Which of the following is true of globalization? A. Globalization prevents the economic systems of different countries from merging with each other. B. Globalization increases the interconnectedness of the world's markets and businesses. C. Globalization facilitates the growth of cultural incompatibility between nations. D. Globalization provides companies with few ways to bring down production costs. E. Globalization hinders the flow of human and resource capital between countries.

B. Globalization increases the interconnectedness of the world's markets and businesses.

Which of the following would be a potential strength for an organization in accordance with its SWOT analysis? A. An increase in competitors in the market B. High brand loyalty among its customers C. New suppliers to choose from D. An increase in labor costs E. A lawsuit against the organization

B. High brand loyalty among its customers

Margot belongs to a culture which values personal freedom, equality between all members, and self-expression. The national culture also values thrift and persistence in achieving goals. According to Hofstede's model of national culture, which of the following is true of Margot's culture? A. The culture is low on individualism and has a short-term orientation. B. The culture is high on individualism and has a long-term orientation. C. The culture is high on collectivism and has a nurturing orientation. D. The culture is low on collectivism and has a short-term orientation. E. The culture is low on individualism and has a nurturing orientation.

B. The culture is high on individualism and has a long-term orientation.

_____ are unwritten, informal codes of conduct that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations and are considered important by most members of a group or organization.

Norms

Most organizations base their planning process over three steps. Which of the following is the final step in the planning process? A. Defining the business B. Analyzing the current situation and developing strategies C. Allocating resources and responsibilities to achieve strategies D. Recognizing the resources and management strategies required E. Establishing the major goals of the organization

C. Allocating resources and responsibilities to achieve strategies

Which of the following refers to rules of thumb that simplify the process of making decisions? A. Dialectical inquiry B. Biases C. Heuristics D. Creativity E. Practical alternatives

C. Heuristics

Which of the following signifies the escalating commitment of a manager? A. Overestimating the odds of a favorable outcome and, consequently, making inappropriate decisions B. Using a single case or episode to base all future decisions C. Increasing the investment of time and money in a course of action and ignoring evidence that it is impractical D. Using information that is consistent with prior beliefs and ignoring information that contradicts those beliefs E. Using heuristics to simplify the process of decision making

C. Increasing the investment of time and money in a course of action and ignoring evidence that it is impractical

______ learning is the process through which managers seek to improve employees' desire and ability to understand and manage the organization.

Organizational

______ is a decision maker's ability to discover original and novel ideas that lead to feasible alternative courses of action.

Creativity

Which method of international expansion poses the greatest amount of risk? A. Exporting B. Franchising C. Licensing D. Wholly owned subsidiary E. Joint venture

D. Wholly owned subsidiary

_____ forces are outcomes of changes in, or changing attitudes toward, the characteristics of a population.

Demographic

______ is a critical analysis of two preferred alternatives in order to find an even better alternative for the organization to adopt.

Dialectical inquiry

Retail stores that market products of different manufacturers to the public are examples of _____.

Distributors

What is the process by which managers establish the structure of working relationships among employees to allow them to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively?

Organizing

Which of the following is true of the administrative model of decision making? A. The model considers decision making to be a spontaneous and risk-free process. B. The drawbacks of the administrative model are overcome by the classical model of decision making. C. Bounded rationality is a situation in which managers have unlimited ability to evaluate information. D. Ambiguous information counters the negative aspects of uncertainty. E. Satisficing helps managers overcome risk and uncertainty, ambiguity, and time constraints.

E. Satisficing helps managers overcome risk and uncertainty, ambiguity, and time constraints.

______ is a source of cognitive bias resulting from the tendency to commit additional resources to a project even if evidence shows that the project is failing.

Escalating commitment

_____ is the extent to which actually doing a job provides a worker with clear and direct information about how well he or she has performed the job.

Feedback

_____ are the routine social conventions of everyday life, the violation of which is not a moral matter.

Folkways

_____ is a corporate-level strategy in which a company expands its business operations and enters a new industry that uses, distributes, or sells the company's products.

Forward vertical integration

_____ capital is the flow of power and influence around the world using diplomacy, persuasion, and force of arms to protect the right or access of a country.

Political

______ is a pattern of faulty and biased decision making that occurs in groups whose members strive for agreement among themselves at the expense of accurately assessing information relevant to a decision.

Groupthink

The flow of _____ capital is steered by the processes of immigration, migration, and emigration.

Human

______ refers to the feelings, beliefs, and hunches that come readily to mind and result in on-the-spot decisions.

Intuition

What is the advantage of the flexibility afforded by a matrix structure?

It lets managers keep pace with a changing and increasingly complex environment.

_____ is increasing the number of different tasks in a given job by changing the division of labor.

Job enlargement

Which of the following should be used to increase coordination among functions and divisions? A. Dual command B. Centralized authority C. Tall organizational structure D. Liaison roles E. Job enlargement

Liaison roles

_____ is the set of values and the norms of behavior that are approved or sanctioned by a particular society.

National culture

According to Hofstede, societies that have a(n) _____ orientation value assertiveness, performance, success, competition, and results.

achievement

A(n) _____ emphasizes entrepreneurship and respect for the employee and allows the use of organizational structures that empower employees to make decisions and motivate them to succeed.

adaptive culture

Task _____ is the degree to which programmed solutions are available to people or functions to solve the problems they encounter.

analyzability

The difference between entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs is that intrapreneurs:

are employed by companies and engage in entrepreneurial activity within those companies.

Production blocking causes loss of productivity in _____

brainstorming

The cell phone division of a multinational corporation has granted its research and development department funds to create new technologies to ensure the organization stays ahead of its competitors in the market. This decision by the cell phone division is an example of the organization's _____ strategy.

business-level

Organizations which produce goods and services that are similar to another organization's goods and services and aim to attract the same customers are its_____.

competitors

The highest level of decision making, which involves decisions by the members of the top management concerning the organization's goals, overall strategy, and structure, is the _____ plan.

corporate-level

A(n) _____ team is a group of managers brought together from different departments to perform organizational tasks.

cross-functional

Organizational _____ is shaped by the interaction of four main factors: the personal and professional characteristics of people within the organization, organizational ethics, the nature of the employment relationship, and the design of its organizational structure.

culture

A market structure is also called a_____.

customer structure

In an attempt to maintain a nonhierarchical structure in her company, Diana decides to _____ by giving lower-level managers and nonmanagerial employees the right to make important decisions about how to use organizational resources.

decentralize authority

An inert culture:

develops an emphasis on close supervision.

The critical analysis of a preferred alternative, which challenges the preferred alternative and defends opposing alternatives, is referred to as:

devil's advocacy.

An automobile manufacturing company decides not to reduce the prices of its sedans despite a fall in prices of sedans across the automobile industry. This is because the company offers a higher mileage on its sedans when compared to its competitors. The company is applying a _____ strategy.

differentiation

A corporate-level strategy that involves a company entering an industry it was previously not associated with in order to produce and distribute new kinds of goods and services is called _____.

diversification

When managers are assessing whether alternative solutions can be accomplished in line with an organization's performance goals, they are evaluating the:

economic feasibility.

A fast-food chain is looking to expand its business on a global scale by allowing interested parties in different parts of the world to open fast-food joints under its brand name. These interested parties must pay an initial fee to the owner of the fast-food chain and additionally pay a portion of profits on a monthly basis. This is an example of a(n) _____.

franchise

In a bid to lower its manufacturing costs, the Gallis Watch Company decides to contract the production of its watch straps to an organization in another country. This is an example of _____.

global outsourcing

A multinational organization is extremely confident about its latest product and releases a single version of the product across the world. The organization is adopting a(n) _____ with its new product.

global strategy

Permanent, ongoing, intense competition brought about in an industry by advancing technology or changing customer tastes is called _____.

hypercompetition

The tendency of decision makers to overestimate their ability to control activities and events is called:

illusion of control.

A company intends to expand internationally but wants avoid risk or uncertainty to the highest degree possible. The organization is most likely to pursue its global operations through _____.

importing and exporting

Projects and programs, both of which are specific action plans created to complete various aspects of a program, are types of _____.

single-use plans

Joan's job requires her to use a wide range of abilities and knowledge. From the information given, it can be said that her job has _____.

skill variety

A group of intrapreneurs deliberately separated from the normal operation of the organization is referred to as a:

skunkworks.

According to Hofstede, _____ societies value personal freedom and self-expression and adhere to the principle that people should be judged by their personal achievements rather than by their social background.

individualist

Jill's manager encourages workers to develop new skills, allows them to monitor and measure their own performance, and empowers them to experiment with new and better ways to do their jobs. This is an example of _____.

job enrichment

A(n) ______ is a strategic alliance among two or more companies that agree to establish a business together and share the ownership

joint venture

According to Hofstede, societies which are _____ are easygoing, value diversity and equality, and tolerate differences in personal beliefs and actions.

low on uncertainty avoidance

In a(n) _____ strategy, managers try to gain a competitive advantage by focusing the energy of all the organization's departments or functions on driving the company's expenses down below the expenses of its industry rivals.

low-cost

When managers organize divisions according to the type of customer they focus on, they adopt a _____.

market structure

A _____ structure simultaneously groups people and resources by function and by product.

matrix

When adopting a ______, an organization customizes products and marketing strategies to specific national conditions.

multidomestic strategy

The ability of the CEO and top managers to convey a compelling vision of what they want to achieve to their subordinates is called _____.

strategic leadership

Companies should consider becoming global organizations because

survival in this day and age demands that organizations operate on a global scale.

The _____ is the set of forces and conditions that originate with global suppliers, distributors, customers, and competitors.

task environment

An increase in local competition, an increase in labor cost, or a fall in the economy are all _____ to an organization.

potential threats

When managers organize divisions based solely on the type of good or service they provide, they adopt a _____ structure.

product

A decision-making process that is routine or automatic is referred to as:

programmed decision making.

Programmed decisions are based on _____.

rules and guidelines

Job design can be defined as:

the process by which managers decide how to divide tasks into specific jobs.

Social structure can be defined as:

the traditional system of relationships established between people and groups in a society.

The function of an integrating role is:

to increase coordination among functions or divisions to achieve performance gains.

According to Henri Fayol, having only one central, guiding plan put into operation to achieve an organizational goal at any given time is called _____.

unity