ch 60

The cerebral circulation receives approximately what percentage of the cardiac output?

15

A client is ordered to undergo CT of the brain with IV contrast. Before the test, the nurse should complete which action first?

Assess the client for medication allergies.

how to prevent aspiration for patients with altered LOC

Elevate HOB at 30 degrees Positioning the patient in a lateral or semiprone position

A client has undergone a lumbar puncture as part of a neurological assessment. The client is put under the care of a nurse after the procedure. Which important postprocedure nursing intervention should be performed to ensure the client's maximum comfort?

Encourage the client to drink liberal amounts of fluids

A client is admitted to an acute care facility for treatment of a brain tumor. When reviewing the chart, the nurse notes that the client's extremity muscle strength is rated 1/5. Which assessment finding should the nurse anticipate?

Muscle contraction is palpable and visible.

Which cranial nerve is responsible for muscles that move the eye and lids?

Occulomotor

A client recovering from a stroke is diagnosed with pseudobulbar affect. Which medication(s) will the nurse prepare teaching on for this client? Select all that apply.

Quinidine sulfate Dextromethorphan hydrobromide

Which cranial nerve is tested by listening to a ticking watch?

acoustic

A patient is scheduled for an electroencephalogram (EEG) in the morning. What food on the patient's tray should the nurse remove prior to the test?

coffee

A patient has a deficiency of the neurotransmitter serotonin. The nurse is aware that this deficiency can lead to:

depression

Which neurons transmit impulses from the CNS?

motor

Mannitol is a

osmotic diuretic

A nurse is evaluating a client's cranial nerves during a routine examination. To assess the function of cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal), the nurse should assess the client's ability to

stick out the tongue and move it rapidly from side to side and in and out.

Lumbar puncture is avoided in patients with increased ICP,

sudden release of pressure in the lumbar area can cause the brain to herniate

Which of the following neurotransmitters are deficient in myasthenia gravis?

Acetylcholine

What part of the brain controls and coordinates muscle movement?

Cerebellum

What safety actions does the nurse need to take for a client receiving oxygen therapy who is undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?

Ensure that no client care equipment containing metal enters the room where the MRI is located.

seizure patient nutrition

High in protein and low in carbohydrate

A client is diagnosed with a traumatic brain injury. Which action will the nurse take to reduce this client's risk of increasing intracranial pressure (ICP)? Select all that apply

Keep head midline. Avoid rotation of the neck. Elevate the head 30 to 45 degrees. Prevent compression of the jugular veins.

The pre-nursing class is learning about the nervous system in their anatomy class. What part of the nervous system would the students learn is responsible for digesting food and eliminating body waste?

Parasymptahetic

A transsphenoidal adenohypophysectomy is performed to treat which type of cancer?

Pituitary carcinoma

A client who has sustained a head injury to the parietal lobe cannot identify a familiar object by touch. The nurse knows that this deficit is which of the following?

Tactile agnosia

cranial nerve VIII.

acoustic

What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

cushions the brain and spinal cord

Lower motor neuron lesions cause......

flaccid muscle paralysis, muscle atrophy, decreased muscle tone, and loss of voluntary control.

Lower motor neuron lesions cause

flaccid muscles

Which term refers to the shifting of brain tissue from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure?

herniation

High fever in the patient who is unconscious may be caused by.......

infection of the respiratory or urinary tract, drug reactions, or damage to the hypothalamic temperature-regulating center

When educating a patient about the use of antiseizure medication, what should the nurse inform the patient is a result of long-term use of the medication in women?

osteoporosis

During a neurological assessment examination, the nurse assesses a patient for tactile agnosia. The nurse places a familiar door key in the patient's hand and asks him to identify the object with his eyes closed. The nurse documents his inability to identify the object and notes the affected area of the brain. Which of the following is the most likely affected area of the brain?

parietal lobe

levodopa, benztropine, and selegiline are used to treat...

parkinsons

what neurons transmit impulses to the CNS

sensory

A client is actively hallucinating during an assessment. The nurse would be correct in documenting the hallucination as a disturbance in

thought content

upper motor neuron lesions normally cause.......

loss of voluntary control.

Which of the following is an appropriate antiseizure medication?

lamictal

The nurse is caring for a patient with increased ICP. As the pressure rises, what osmotic diuretic does the nurse prepare to administer?

mannitol

hypothalamus function

Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and other autonomic control systems

A client with newly diagnosed seizures asks about stigma associated with epilepsy. The nurse will respond with which of the following statements?

"Many people with developmental disabilities resulting from neurologic damage also have epilepsy."

Which cerebral lobe contains the auditory receptive areas?

Temporal lobe

The nurse is caring for a client with a significant allergy history to various medications and shellfish. Because the client needs to have a diagnostic study with contrast, which medication classification is anticipated?

antihistamine

Lesions in the temporal lobe may result in which type of agnosia?

auditory

After a plane crash, a client is brought to the emergency department with severe burns and respiratory difficulty. The nurse helps to secure a patent airway and attends to the client's immediate needs, then prepares to perform an initial neurologic assessment. The nurse should perform an:

evaluation of the corneal reflex response.

A client preparing to undergo a lumbar puncture states he doesn't think he will be able to get comfortable with his knees drawn up to his abdomen and his chin touching his chest. He asks if he can lie on his left side. Which statement is the best response by the nurse?

"Although the required position may not be comfortable, it will make the procedure safer and easier to perform."

To evaluate a client's cerebellar function, a nurse should ask:

"Do you have any problems with balance?"

The nurse is assisting with a lumbar puncture and observes that when the physician obtains CSF, it is clear and colorless. What does this finding indicate?

A normal finding; the fluid will be sent for testing to determine other factors

Which term refers to the inability to coordinate muscle movements, resulting in difficulty walking?

Ataxia

A nurse is working in a neurologist's office. The physician orders a Romberg test. What should the nurse instruct the client to do?

Close eyes and stand erect.

The Family Nurse Practitioner is assessing a 55-year-old who came to the clinic complaining of being "unsteady" on their feet. What would be a test for equilibrium?

Romberg test

The nursing instructor is talking with her clinical group about the central nervous system. What should the instructor tell the students about the function of the spinal cord?

Serves as a conduit for impulses to and from the brain

A client has sustained a head injury to the occipital area. He cannot identify a familiar object by looking at it. The nurse knows that this deficit is which of the following?

Visual agnosia

When completing a neurologic examination on a client, which question is most essential to evaluate the accuracy of the data?

When, if any, was your last narcotic use?

A patient who has suffered a stroke is unable to maintain respiration and is intubated and placed on mechanical ventilator support. What portion of the brain is most likely responsible for the inability to breathe?

brain stem

Choreiform-

described as uncontrollable writhing and twisting of the body, is a typical sign associated with Huntington disease and would be a risk for injury.

Which cerebral lobes is the largest and controls abstract thought?

frontal lobe

most important interventions for patients with altered LOC

patent airway

A client is weak and drowsy after a lumbar puncture. The nurse caring for the client knows that what priority nursing intervention should be provided after a lumbar puncture?

Position the client flat as directed.

A nurse is preparing a client for a lumbar puncture. The client has heard about post-lumbar puncture headaches and asks what causes them. The nurse tells the client that these headaches are caused by which of the following?

Cerebral spinal fluid leakage at the puncture site

A patient is being tested for a gag reflex. When the nurse places the tongue blade to the back of the throat, there is no response elicited. What dysfunction does the nurse determine the patient has?

Dysfunction of the vagus nerve

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for concentration and abstract thought?

frontal

A patient sustained a head injury during a fall and has changes in personality and affect. What part of the brain does the nurse recognize has been affected in this injury?

frontal lobe

The nurse is performing a neurological assessment of a client who has sustained damage to the frontal cortex. Which of the following deficits will the nurse look for during assessment?

The inability to tell how a mouse and a cat are alike

A patient recently noted difficulty maintaining his balance and controlling fine movements. The nurse explains that the provider will order diagnostic studies for the part of his brain known as the:

Cerebellum.

A nurse and nursing student are caring for a client recovering from a lumbar puncture yesterday. The client reports a headache despite being on bedrest overnight. The physician plans an epidural blood patch this morning. The student asks how this will help the headache. The correct reply from the nurse is which of the following?

The blood will seal the hole in the dura and prevent further loss of cerebral spinal fluid."

If the patient has an endotracheal tube, the tube should be moved to the opposite side of the mouth daily to........

prevent ulceration of the mouth and lips

An osmotic diuretic such as mannitol is given to the client with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) to

reduce edema

Autoregulation

refers to the brain's ability to change the diameter of its blood vessels to maintain cerebral blood flow during alterations in systemic blood pressure

In reviewing a client's history and physical examination, a nurse finds that the client was found positive for ataxia during the physician's neurological testing. Which nursing diagnosis will be a priority for this client?

risk for falls

GC scale

scale 3-15 3 -severe impairment 15- fully responsive

Which cerebral lobe contains the auditory receptive areas?

temporal

(Rinne)

tuning fork test that evaluates bone conduction of sound in one ear at a time

The physician's office nurse is caring for a client who has a history of a cerebral aneurysm. Which diagnostic test does the nurse anticipate to monitor the status of the aneurysm?

Cerebral angiography

Increased ICP S/S

increased bp, shallow breathing,Headache, vomiting, change in level of consciousness