ch 7 ocg

Compared to western boundary currents, eastern boundary currents are: deep and swift. narrow and deep. broad and deep. shallow and swift. broad and slow.

broad and slow.

Downwelling can result from __________. converging surface currents an ocean current flowing over submerged banks or seamounts diverging surface currents Ekman transport away from a coast strong offshore winds

converging surface currents

An increase in seawater density can be caused by a ________ in temperature or a/an ________ in salinity. increase; decrease decrease; decrease decrease; increase increase; increase

decrease; increase

Deep ocean currents are driven primarily by ________ . wind density differences latitude Earth's rotation bathymetry

density differences

Thermohaline circulation is driven by: latitude. wind. density differences. the Coriolis effect. longitude.

density differences.

Converging surface waters are areas of ________ and ________ productivity. downwelling; low upwelling; high downwelling; high upwelling; low

downwelling; low

Which of the following two factors cause geostrophic circulation within a gyre? temperature and pressure. the wind and pressure. density and the wind. salinity and gravity. gravity and the Coriolis effect.

gravity and the Coriolis effect.

Deep-water circulation brings oxygen from the surface to the deep ocean because of: increase in pH with depth. decrease in pH with depth. greater dissolution of oxygen in colder water than warmer water. greater volcanic outgassing at the ocean surface. greater rates of photosynthesis in deep water.

greater dissolution of oxygen in colder water than warmer water.

Deep-water currents move ________ volumes of water and are much ________ than surface currents. smaller; faster smaller; slower larger; faster larger; slower

larger; slower

Warm currents flowing ________ on the ________ sides of continents produce warm, humid conditions. poleward; western toward the equator; western poleward; eastern toward the equator; eastern

poleward; eastern

Records indicate that the ocean is warming faster in the Arctic polar regions than elsewhere. If that continues, a possible consequence could be __________. decreased humidity and precipitation in the Arctic region, resulting in aridity and the loss of boreal forests an increase in upwelling in the Arctic, resulting in increased surface biological productivity increased albedo in the polar areas, resulting in the cooling of nearby landmasses slowing of deep ocean circulation, resulting in lower oxygen levels in deep water acceleration of deep ocean circulation, resulting in lower carbon dioxide levels in deep water

slowing of deep ocean circulation, resulting in lower oxygen levels in deep water

Sources of deep water in the ocean include all of the following except: Arctic convergence. northern subpolar latitudes. southern subpolar latitudes. Antarctic convergence. subtropical convergences.

subtropical convergences.

Of the following surface currents, which one(s) transport large volumes of warm water to higher latitudes? Choose all that apply. Peru Current North Pacific Current Canary Current the Gulf Stream Brazil Current Kuroshio Current

the Gulf Stream Brazil Current Kuroshio Current

In comparison to wind energy, ocean currents can generate more clean, renewable energy because __________. water turbines experience less fouling than wind turbines currents are more consistent than winds devices that harness subsurface current energy are not exposed to weather like wind farms water currents move more slowly than air currents the density of water is greater than that of air

the density of water is greater than that of air

The El Niño Southern Oscillation can best be described as: variation in wind speed over the Pacific Ocean. tidal differences between coastal Peru and Darwin, Australia. the relationship between sea surface temperature and changing atmospheric pressure. relative changes between two different atmospheric pressure systems at high altitude. wind speed and wind direction differences along the equator.

the relationship between sea surface temperature and changing atmospheric pressure.

Cold currents flowing ________ on the ________ sides of continents produce arid conditions. poleward; eastern poleward; western toward the equator; eastern toward the equator; western

toward the equator; western

Equatorial currents are driven by the: Coriolis force. trade winds. westerlies. density. Ekman transport.

trade winds

Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient-rich bottom water through: convergence. land breezes. downwelling. upwelling. sea breezes.

upwelling.

Diverging surface waters are areas of ________ and ________ productivity. downwelling; high upwelling; high downwelling; low upwelling; low

upwelling; high

Surface ocean currents are driven primarily by ________ and modified by ________. wind; the Coriolis effect and land latitude; differences in salinity and land density differences; differences in salinity and temperature wind; gravity and density density differences; the Coriolis effect and land

wind; the Coriolis effect and land

Of the following conditions, which is/are related to strong El Niño events? Choose all that apply. Higher sea levels in the eastern Pacific Ocean associated with warmer water Increase in sea surface temperatures and destruction of coral reefs in the eastern Pacific Ocean Increased abundance of hurricanes in the eastern Pacific Ocean Increase in the strength and consistency of the trade winds Increase in productivity along coastal South America

-Higher sea levels in the eastern Pacific Ocean associated with warmer water -Increase in sea surface temperatures and destruction of coral reefs in the eastern Pacific Ocean -Increased abundance of hurricanes in the eastern Pacific Ocean

Of the following statements about subtropical gyres, which is/are true? Choose all that apply. There are four main surface currents in each subtropical gyre. The rotation of each subtropical gyre causes a "hill" of water to pile up within it. Globally, there are five subtropical gyres. All subtropical gyres flow in a clockwise direction. The centers of all subtropical gyres are associated with high atmospheric pressure. The western boundary current of all subtropical gyres is intensified (it is fast, narrow, and deep).

-There are four main surface currents in each subtropical gyre. -The rotation of each subtropical gyre causes a "hill" of water to pile up within it. -Globally, there are five subtropical gyres. -The centers of all subtropical gyres are associated with high atmospheric pressure. -The western boundary current of all subtropical gyres is intensified (it is fast, narrow, and deep).

Which of the following is the only current that completely circumscribes Earth? Malvinas South Equatorial Antarctic Circumpolar Benguela South Australian

Antarctic Circumpolar

Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents indirectly? Propeller flow meters Free-drifting Argo floats Radio-transmitting float bottles Doppler flow meters Accidental spills from container ships

Doppler flow meters

The observation that ships and icebergs in the southern hemisphere float to the left of the wind direction is an example of which of the following? Western intensification Eastern intensification Equatorial upwelling Geostrophic current Ekman transport

Ekman transport

Which of the following currents is responsible for Peru becoming the largest producer of fish, from the sea, in the world? Canary Current Brazil Current Humboldt Current Somali Current Falkland Current

Humboldt Current

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Between summer and winter, which of the following currents reverses its flow direction? California Current Somali Current Brazil Current Falkland Current Florida Current

Somali Current

The deepest and densest water mass in the world ocean is formed in the __________________. North Atlantic North Pacific Arctic Ocean Southern Ocean Indian Ocean

Southern Ocean

The observation of a hill of water within all subtropical gyres is an example of which of the following? Subtropical convergence Geostrophic current Western intensification Equatorial upwelling Eastern intensification

Subtropical convergence

About what percent of the wind's energy is transferred to the ocean surface? Fifty Five Twenty Ten Two

Two

Which of the following is true of surface water circulation near Antarctica? Two circumpolar currents dominate it, one current that moves water to the east and one current that moves water to the west. There is no connection with the southern hemisphere subtropical gyres. The surface ocean has no strong currents. It is dominated by water flow directly away from the polar region toward the north. The circulation of water around the Antarctic continent is driven by density differences.

Two circumpolar currents dominate it, one current that moves water to the east and one current that moves water to the west.

The largest of the great ocean surface currents is the __________. Equatorial Countercurrent California Current West Wind Drift Kuroshio Current Gulf Stream

West Wind Drift

The observation that one subtropical boundary current is faster, narrower, and deeper than its counterparts is an example of which of the following? Equatorial upwelling Western intensification Eastern intensification Geostrophic current Ekman transport

Western intensification