Ch 7 quiz - Skeletal System 1

Physically active people with good nutrition will begin to lose bone mass at age

35. 25. 10. 20.

Appositional bone growth is a process that

Reduces the number of osteons Forms new bone on the surface of older bone Eliminates blood vessels from bone Replaces older bone with new bone

Check all that are examples of long bones.

Ribs Tibia (leg bone) Phalanges (finger bones) Patella (kneecap) Humerus (bone of the arm)

Indicate whether each bone is a long, short, irregular, or flat bone. 1 .Scapula 2. Carpal bone 3. Femur 4. Vertebrae

Scapula = Flat bone Carpal bone = Short bone Femur Long = bone Vertebrae = Irregular bone

Articular cartilage, found on the ends of long bones, consists of

elastic cartilage. fibrocartilage. hyaline cartilage. Correct dense regular connective tissue.

The genetic influence on the development of osteoporosis is related to

genetically mediated hyperactivity of osteclasts. individual variability in our capacity to absorb calcium from our food. genetic deficiencies of muscle strength that secondarily affect stress on bones. congenital absence of osteoblasts.

The cylindrical channel that lies in the center of the osteon is the

central canal. perforating canal. canaliculus. lamella.

4 types of bone cells, function, location

-osteocytes: maintains bone matrix -osteoblasts: bone building -osteoclasts: bone resorption -Osteoprogenitor cell: stem cell; form osteoblasts (derived from primitive mesenchymal cells.)

At which of the following ages would calcium loss from bone be more than calcium deposits into bone, even when a high calcium diet is eaten?

10 years old 50 years old 18 years old 18 months old

Check all that are a function of bone.

Blood cell production Movement Support and protection Flexibility Storage of mineral and energy reserves

In appositional bone growth, new bone is deposited around a

Blood vessel Collection of osteoblasts Small nerve Central core of existing bone

During appositional bone growth, concentric layers of new bone that fill in the tunnel form

Blood vessels Osteoblasts Osteons Bone marrow

Which mineral is most important throughout life to assist in maintaining strong bone?

Calcium Phosphorus Sodium Potassium

Match the type of ossification with its brief description. 1. Ossification that develops from mesenchyme 2. Begins with a hyaline cartilage model

Intramembranous Ossification = Ossification that develops from mesenchyme Endochondral Ossification = Begins with a hyaline cartilage model

Tunnels formed by new bone deposition are lined by

Osteoblasts Periosteum Endosteum Bone marrow

Which of the following is not considered a weight-bearing activity?

Swimming Walking Jumping rope Running

Osseous tissue matrix is composed of

adipose. calcium phosphate. Correct blood. cartilage.

Trusses and arches that help form an internal scaffolding network are found in

adults only. bone marrow. trabecular bone. children only.

Lack of sunlight will directly affect the formation of

Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). 7-dehydrocholesterol. calcium. parathyroid hormone.

Does Mrs. JG's presenting complaint of loss of height seem reasonable?

Yes, because of the lack of vitamin D in this condition, the leg bones become soft and will bend. No, this is not compatible with what is known about long bone growth and epiphyseal closure. Yes, this is not an uncommon complaint and is due to compression of the vertebrae of the spine.

Bones in the legs, arms, spine, and pelvis grow

at different rates. at the same rate. until age 18, then they stop. strongest after age 30.

Mineralization is a process that extracts ____________ from the blood plasma and deposits it into bone.

calcium phosphate both calcium and phosphate neither calcium nor phosphate

Mechanical stress applied to bone __________ osteoblast activity in bone tissue, and the removal of mechanical stress __________ osteoblast activity.

increases; decreases

Osteoporosis can be cured by

medications called bisphosphonates. a bone transplant. greatly increasing calcium and vitamin D intake once the signs of osteoporosis appear. there is no cure for osteoporosis, but the progress can be slowed by having had a good diet and plenty of exercise while young.

Chemical analysis of bone composition from someone with osteoporosis compared with that of normal bone would reveal

no difference because the problem with osteoporosis is one of bone quantity, not its chemical makeup. a deficiency in vitamin D. weaker bones because of decreased bone matrix. a lack of adequate calcium.

During the healing of a bone fracture, a hard callus is formed by

osteoclasts. osteoblasts. osteocytes. fibroblasts.

In an adult, red bone marrow is found in all of the following bones except the

radius of forearm. ribs. sternum. vertebrae.

Hyaline cartilage

serves as a precursor for the formation of long bones in the body. has a double-layered connective tissue sheath covering it called the periosteum. can be found in between vertebrae serving as shock absorbing discs. is flexible and composed of elastin.