Ch. 7: The Vitamins

Most water-soluble vitamins are not stored in tissues to any great extent True or False

True

Vitamin D functions as a hormone to help maintain bone integrity. True/False

True

Vitamin K is necessary for the synthesis of key bone proteins. True/false

True

beta-carotene from food is not converted to retinol efficiently enough to cause vitamin A toxicity True/False

True

Compounds in foods converted into active vitamins by the body are _________, also called provitamins

precursors - In nutrition, vitamin precursors are compounds that can be converted into active vitamins by the body.

The FDA has extensive regulatory control over supplement sales true/false

False - The FDA has little control over spplement sales

The theory that vitamin C prevents or cures colds is well supported by research true/false

False. - No study to date has conclusively demonstrated that vitamin C can prevent colds or reduce their severity.

All of the following are good food source of vitamin D EXCEPT: a) citrus fruits b) tuna c) fortified milk d) salmon

a) citrus fruits

The water-soluble vitamins are characterized by all of the following except a) excesses ares stored and easily build up to toxic concentrations b) they travel freely in the blood c) excesses are easily excreted and seldom build up to toxic concentrations. d) b and c

a) excesses ares stored and easily build up to toxic concentrations

A deficiency of niacin may result in which disease? a) pellagra b) beriberi c) scurvy d) rickets

a) pellagra

Which of the following is/are rich source/s of vitamin E? a) raw vegetable oil b) colorful foods, such as carrots c) dairy products d) raw cabbage

a) raw vegetable oil

Fat-soluble vitamins are mostly absorbed into... a) the lymph b) the blood c) the extracellular fluid d) b and c

a) the lymph

What is the main function of vitamin K? a) to help blood to clot b) restore the integrity of the cell membrane c) provide energy for the cells d) transport proteins around the body

a) to help blood to clot

Active forms of vitamin A that are readily absorbed in the body are only found in foods derived from animals. a) true b) false

a) true - Active forms of vitamin A that are readily absorbed in the body are only found in foods derived from animals.

All of the following are fuctions of vitamin C EXCEPT which one? a) antioxidant b) cell differentiation c) boosting iron absorption d) collagen systhesis

b) cell differentiation

Vitamin B12 supplements can mask a folate deficiency. a) true b) false

b) false. - Folate supplements can mask a vitamin B12 deficiency.

Vitamin B12 and _______ help cells multiply a) biotin b) folate c) niacin d) thiamin

b) folate - Vitamin B12 and folate help cells multiply, which is important to cells with short life spans such as red blood cells.

The diet that best provides nutrients a) singles out a rich source for each nutrient and focuses on these foods. b) includes a wide variety of nutrient-dense foods. c) is a western eating style that includes abundant meats and fats. d) singles out rich sources of certain phytochemicals and focuses on these foods

b) includes a wide variety of nutrient-dense foods.

Water-soluble vitamins are mostly absorbed into _______. a) the lymph b) the blood c) the extracellular fluid d) b and c

b) the blood

Which of these B vitamins is/are present only in foods of animal origin? a) niacin b) vitamin B12 c) riboflavin d) a and c

b) vitamin B12

Which of the following vitamins are classified as fat-soluble? a) vitamins B and D b) vitamins A, D, E, and K c) vitamins B, E, D, and C d) vitamins B and C

b) vitamins A, D, E, and K

The plant-derived precursor to vitamin A is _________

beta-carotene -beta carotene is an orange pigment in plant foods and a precursor to vitamin A.

Which statement is true of Vitamin C? a) Vitamin C can easily be obtained from animal food sources. b) Vitamin C is stored in fatty tissues. c) Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant. d) Vitamin C impedes the absorption of iron in food.

c) Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant.

All of these statements are true Except which one? a) Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble b) Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver and fatty tissues. c) Vitamins are essential, caloric nutrients that are needed in tiny amounts. d) Fat-soluble vitamins are stored, and therefore, overconsumption may lead to toxicity.

c) Vitamins are essential, caloric nutrients that are needed in tiny amounts.

Vitamin K.... a) can be made from exposure to sunlight b) can be obtained from mosy milk products. c) can be made by digestive tract bacteria d) b and c

c) can be made by digestive tract bacteria

B vitamins often act as _____ a) antioxidants b) blood clotting factors c) coenzymes d) none of the above

c) coenzymes

Vitamin E is famous for its role... a) in maintaining bone tissue integreity b) in maintaining connective tissue intengreity c) in protecting tissues form oxidation d) as a precursor for vitamin C

c) in protecting tissues form oxidation

Which of the following is NOT a major function of vitamin A? a) cell differentiation b) reproduction and growth c) muscle contraction and nerve transmission d) immune fuction

c) muscle contraction and nerve transmission

Which of the following foods is a rich source of thiamin? a) peanut butter b) tomatoes c) pork chop d) cabbage

c) pork chop

Which deficiency disease is attributed to a lack of vitamin C? a) rickets b) pellagra c) scurvy d) beriberi

c) scurvy

Which of the following describes the fat-soluble vitamins? a) few functions in the body b) easily absorbed and excreted c) stored abundantly in tissues d) a and c

c) stored abundantly in tissues

What is the primary food source of vitamin E for Americans? a) green vegetables b) dairy c) vegetable oils d) citrus fruits

c) vegetable oils

Deficiency in the water-soluble vitamins, __________ and ____________, can contribute to anemia, and a deficiency in ___________ can cause pellagra. a) folate, niacin, B12 b) niacin, folate, B12 c) B12, niacin, folate, d) B12, folate, niacin

d) B12, folate, niacin

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the fat-soluble citamins? a) The fat-soluble vitamins require bile for absorption. b) they are not readily excreted and tend to build up in tissues. c) They are stored in the liver and fatty tissues. d) Toxicities are unlikely, even when taking supplements.

d) Toxicities are unlikely, even when taking supplements.

Vitamin C deficiency symptoms include______ a) red spots b) loose teeth c) anemia d) all of the above

d) all of the above

Which of the following foods is/are rich in beta-carotene? a) sweet potatoes b) pumpkin c) spinach d) all of the above

d) all of the above

Large doses of _______, a water-soluble vitamin, have been prescribed by physicians to help improve blood lipids associated with cardiovascular disease. a) thiamin b) riboflavin c) B6 d) niacin

d) niacin - Niacin has been prescribed to lower blood lipids

In adults with vitamin D deficiency, poor bone mineralization can lead to ______. a) pellagra b) pernicious anemia c) scurvy d) osteomalacia

d) osteomalacia

All of the following are characteristics of the water-soluble vitamins EXCEPT which one? a) easily absorbed and excreted from the body b) easily lost or destroyed in food preparation and processing c) foods that supply the water-soluble vitamins must be consumed frequently d) overconsumption typically results in tissue accumulation leading to toxicity

d) overconsumption typically results in tissue accumulation leading to toxicity

Which of the fat-soluble vitamins was originally named tocopherol? a) vitamin K b) vitamin D c) vitamin A d) vitamin E

d) vitamin E

What are the fat-soluble vitamins? a) B vitamins and vitamin C b) folate and vitamin C c) vitamins A and E, thiamin, and niacin d) vitamins A, D, E, and K

d) vitamins A, D, E, and K

A B vitamin often forms part of an enzyme's active site, where a chemical reaction takes place true/false

true