CH 8

Robert is a middle-school student who is participating in a study on the emotional status of adolescents when they are among friends and parents. When asked whether he is most likely to feel positive and happy around his friends or his parents, Robert is likely to say which of the following statements?

"I feel much more positive and happy when I'm around my friends because I know I can let loose and be myself around them."

Akira is a 14-year-old girl growing up in India. When asked how she likes to spend her leisure time, Akira is likely to respond with which of the following statements?

"I like my friends, but I typically spend more of my leisure time with my family than my friends because I value and enjoy spending time with my family more."

Richard is participating in an intervention for neglected adolescents. Which of the following reflects a step Richard might learn for improving his social skills, and why?

A step Richard will learn is to "make eye contact, smile, and nod when listening to someone talk," because as a neglected adolescent Richard needs to improve his social skills involved with learning how to make friends.

Which of the following best reflects the research evidence for an adolescent's explanation for the dissolution of a friendship, and why?

Adolescents are most likely to indicate violations of trust, such as divulging secrets or competing for a romantic partner, as the main explanation for the dissolution of a friendship because intimacy is more highly valued in adolescent friendships than in younger childhood friendships.

Which of the following best summarizes adolescents' use of sarcasm and ridicule in traditional cultures?

Adolescents in traditional cultures sometimes direct their sarcasm and ridicule toward adults to enforce social norms

Which of the following best summarizes anthropologist Margaret Mead's description of how technological changes influence youth culture?

Among cultures in which the rate of technological change is fast, youth are more likely to learn from each other than from adults regarding what is required to succeed in their economy because there are likely generational differences in technology knowledge.

Gene and Doug are planning to go to their high school's homecoming football game together so that they do not have to go alone and can sit by each other and hang out. What type of friendship support are Gene and Doug providing each other?

Companionship support

Which of the following reflects the research evidence for characteristics of friendships between adolescents and emerging adults?

Emerging adults are more likely to have other-sex friendships than adolescents.

Which of the following best summarizes research findings on the proportion of time youth in developed countries spend with friends and family during adolescence?

Findings indicate that youth spend increasingly less time with their parents and increasingly more time with their peers, especially other-sex peers, during adolescence; furthermore, about 60% of adolescents in developed countries across the world report having daily social media contact with their friends.

Which of the following best reflects the research evidence for how the function and importance of crowds change from 6th through 12th grade?

From the 6th to 9th grade, crowds become more differentiated and increase in importance for defining social status, whereas from the 9th to 12th grade, crowds become further differentiated but have less importance in defining social status.

Carlos is part of a clique of boys who play video games. To demonstrate their clique identity, every day the boys wear a t-shirt that depicts their favorite video game character and greet each other by pretending they are robots. Which of the following two components of youth culture style are Carlos and the clique of video game boys displaying?

Image and demeanor

Mark and Andrew are in the same sixth-grade class. Mark likes to practice his trombone during his free time, and Andrew likes to practice baseball during his free time. Which of the following best explains whether Mark and Andrew are likely to become friends?

Mark and Andrew are unlikely to become friends because they are dissimilar in their preferences for leisure activity.

Rachel found out that her friend, Emma, kissed the boy that she has a crush on. Rachel is mad at Emma for violating the trust in their friendship and wants to get revenge. Which of the following scenarios best depicts Rachel's use of relational aggression toward Emma to express her anger?

Rachel will instruct all of their friends to ignore Emma, including not letting her sit with them at lunch, and spread a rumor that Emma has a sexually transmitted infection.

The frequent inclusion of taboo and vulgar words in adolescents' language most closely reflects which of the following purposes for slang?

To challenge adult norms

Which of the following summarizes the research evidence for the sociometric status of victims of bullying, along with the outcomes reported by victims of bullying?

Victims tend to be low-status adolescents who are rejected by their peers, and victims tend to report significant psychological and physical problems such as anxiety and headaches, respectively.

The adolescent crowd structure in traditional cultures versus the American culture is different in that crowds tend to be less __________, especially because most youth sleep and spend their leisure time in a separate dwelling from their families, which is called a __________.

age-graded; dormitory

Craig is one of five trumpet players in his middle-school band. The trumpet section members are good friends who often hang out together. Craig's friendship with the trumpet section members is an example of a(n) __________.

clique

In general, the friendships of adolescent girls are based more on ______ than the friendships of adolescent boys, whereas the friendships of adolescent boys are based more on ______ than the friendships of adolescent girls.

intimacy; shared activities

Caroline and Kelly are friends in middle school and they both like to sneak beers out of their refrigerators at home to try out drinking. The fact that Caroline and Kelly's friendship may be explained by their shared preference for drinking is called __________.

selective association

The qualities most likely to distinguish popular from unpopular adolescents on sociometry measures are ________, and asking an adolescent to identify with whom among their classmates that they'd most likely to be paired on a team is an example of ________ sociometric measurement.

social skills; indirect