CH. 8: SPORT ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

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High environmental diversity promotes more...

...boundary spanning and roles/units a sport organization will have

Boundary spanners link...

...sport organization and its environment

Signs of Environmental Stability

1. If the organization is relatively consistent and dependable 2. Demands constantly come from very similar clients

Lawerence & Lorsch Research

1. The more complex and uncertain an organization's task environment is, the more differentiated the organization needs to be 2. The difference in thinking between managers

What are mergers and acquisitions as an externally direction action?

1. Type of growth strategy 2. Purchase a controlling interest or acquire ownership

What are joint ventures as an externally directed actions?

2+ companies forming a separate corporate entity

What is changing domains as an externally directed action?

Aquire new business, adding nre products or services

Task Environnment

Aspects of environment that can influence the organization's ability to achieve its goals

Argument of Stakeholder Theory (POST, PRESTON, & SACHS)

Both managers and scholars recognize the interdependencies between a firm and its sions of stakeholders

Environmental Complexity (DUNCAN)

Characterized by a large number of diverse elements interaction with or influencing the sport organization

What is environmental uncertainty? (DUNCAN)

DUNCAN saw that the uncertainty of an organizations environment is influenced by extent to which the environment is simple-complex and stable-dynamic

Complexity

Determined by the number of external elements influencing the organizations environment

Stakeholder Theory

Easy way to classify stakeholders: those who must be truly satisfied, those who should be satisfied, and those who don't need to be satisfied

What sectors affect the general environment?

Economic, political, sociocultural, legal, demographic, ecological, technological

What are the interlocking directorates as an externally directed action?

Individual from one company sitting on the board of directors of another

General Environment

Influences the industry in a general ways that ultimately impacts the organization

Burns & Stalker's Research

Identified these organizational structures: 1. Organic structures work best in rapidly changing environments 2. Mechanistic structures work best in stable environments

Perceived Environment

Managers select the aspects of their environment to which they will respond

What is a corporation as an externally directed action?

Occurs when a sport organization recruits influential people from important parts of its environment to be involved in the organization

What are contractual agreements as an external directed action?

One organization contracting to sell its products to another organization

Rationing as an internally directed action

Practice of allocating resources on the basis of some pre-established criteria

Domain

Territory that a sport organization stakes out for itself, in regard to the services/products it delivers and the market in which it operates

Smoothing

Reduces fluctuations in the demand for a product or service

Simple Environment

Small number of elements, mostly homogenous, influencing the organization

Argument of Stakeholder Theory (HARRISON AND ST. JOHN)

Stakeholder management is necessary to increase the ability to predict and control the external environment

When internally directed, buffering protects what?

The technical core from fluctuations in an environment

Why does a sport organization take internally directed actions?

To control environmental uncertainty by making changes to the structure and processes or the organization

Basis of planning and forecasting

Trends historically and indicators

Institutional Theory

Understandings and expectations of appropriate organization form and behavior that are shared by members in society


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