Ch. 9 & 10 test review Earth science m.gay

Meander

A bend or curve in a stream channel caused by moving water

pebble

As the velocity of a stream decreases, which transported particle size would settle to the stream's bottom first? clay silt pebble sand

flood plain

Broad, flat, fertile area extending out from a stream's bank that is covered with water during flood

Stalactites

Cone-shaped or cylindrical dripstone deposit of calcium carbonate that hangs like an icicle from a cave's ceiling

Wells

Deep hole drilled or dug into the ground to reach a reservoir of groundwater

Sinkhole

Depression in Earth's surface formed when a cave collapses or bedrock is dissolved by acidic rain or moist soil

Bed Load

Described sediments that are too heavy or large to be kept in suspension or solution and are pushed or rolled along the bottom of a streambed

Geysers

Explosive hot spring that erupts regularly intervals

soil composition slope steepness rate of precipitation vegetation

Factors that influence runoff/ infiltration

Clay

If a stream is carrying sand, silt, clay, and small pebbles, which one is deposited last as the stream begins to slow down?

Delta are triangle shaped and form as sediments from rivers dump into oceans or gulf Alluvials fans form at the base of mountains. They are both sediment deposits

In what ways are a delta and an alluvial fan similar, and in what ways are they different

the water that moves along the outside curve of a meander

In which part of a meander does the water travel the fastest

Karst Topography

Irregular topography with sinkholes, sinks, and sinking streams caused by groundwater dissolution of limestone

Watershed

Land area drained by a stream system Divide- Elevated land that divides one watershed, or drainage basin, from another

Wetland

Low-lying land area, such as a bog or marsh, that is *covered in water a large part of the year* and supports specific plant species

Stalagmites

Mound-shaped dripstone deposit of calcium deposit of calcium carbonate that hangs like an icicle from a cave's floor beneath a stalactite

Bog

Muddy, soft ground, are not stream-fed but receive water from precipitation, supports unusual plant species

Springs

Natural discharge of groundwater at Earth's surface where an aquifer and an aquiclude come in contact

sandstone

Of the following materials, which is most permeable? sandstone shale silt clay

a well-sorted sand

Of the following materials, which is most porous? a well-sorted sand a poorly sorted sand sandstone granite

Flood

Potentially devastating natural occurrence in which water spills over the sides of a stream's bands onto adjacent land areas

Suspension

State in which small particles, such as silt or sand, are held up and carried along by the turbulence of a stream's moving water

Hot springs

Thermal spring with temperatures higher than that of the human body

Stalagtites

What are natural structures hanging from a cave's ceiling?

Stalagmites

What are the cone-shaped dripstone deposits that are found one the floor of caves?

Floodplain

What areas are most likely to contain fertile soil?

Water under pressure

What do artesian aquifers always contain?

Calcium

What does hard water usually contain?

it evaporates

What happens to most of the precipitation that falls on land?

Groundwater

What is a major source of freshwater in the U.S?

calcium carbonate

What is the composition of a dripstone formation?

permeability

What is the main characteristic of an aquifer?

precipitation

What source usually replenishes groundwater?

Along the bases of mountains

Where do alluvial fans form?

In the center

Where does water move most rapidly in the straight length of a stream?

In stream valleys

Where is groundwater closest to earth's surface?

Icebergs and glaciers

Where is most freshwater found on earth?

plants in densely packed soil

Which condition would create the most runoff? Land covered with vegetation plants in densely packed soil light precipitation soil with a high percentage of sand

Nearness to water

Which least affects the rate of runoff Slope Vegetation Volume of runoff Nearness to water

sinkholes

Which of the following are typical features of karst topography? moraines dunes sinkholes landslides

Salt water contamination

Which of the following is a common groundwater problem in coastal areas?

Clay

Which of the following materials would be suited for lining a pond?

The same temperature as the region's average temperature

Which of the following usually describes the temperature of groundwater flowing through a natural spring?

Limestone

Which rock type is most easily dissolved by groundwater? sandstone granite limestone shale

water quality Natural filtration system preserving wildlife and animals

Why is it important to preserve wetlands

Marsh

an area of low-lying land that is flooded in wet seasons or at high tide, and typically remains waterlogged at all times.

Solution

homogeneous mixture whose components cannot be distinguished and cannot be classified as liquid, gaseous, solid, or a combination

Swamp

low-lying areas often located near streams, may develop from marshes that have fill in sufficiently to support the growth of shrubs and trees

Lake

natural or human-made body of water that can form when a depression on land fills with water

Eutriohication

process by which lakes become rich in nutrients from the surrounding watershed, resulting in a change in the kinds of organisms in the lake

Caves

underground opening connected to Earth's surface, usually formed when groundwater dissolves limestone