Ch 9 Gov. GQ's

The three clearest cases of critical or realigning elections seem to be _________.

1860(Collapse of Whigs, Rise of Republicans), 1896(Republicans defeating Bryan), 1932(Democrats under FDR's New Deal come into power)

Prior to 1824, how were presidential candidates nominated?

Caucuses composed of members of Congress

What does ticket splitting create?

Divided government

What are the central problems of parties today?

Don't resemble the average citizen

In 1896, the realignment was driven by issues related to ____________.

Economics

Name the two major issues in the three clearest cases of critical or realigning periods.

Economics and Slavery

Why was the elections of Ronald Reagan not an example of realignment?

Elected based on the hate for Jimmy Carter, and reelected because the country was doing fine, especially economically; left Congress in the hands of the Democratic Party

What is the most dramatic example of the winner-take-all principle in the U.S. electoral system?

Electoral College

George Wallace's American Independent Party was an example of a(n)________party.

Factional

What impact did the presidential campaign of William Jennings Bryan have on parties?

Further strengthened the Republican party; caused a split in parties into factions

The ______ made it illegal for federal civil service employees to take an active part in political campaigns.

Hatch Act

What kind of minor parties tends to endure the longest?

Ideological Parties

How was the realignment of 1932 different?

Involved with economic issues, but it was not preceded by any third-party movement and occurred suddenly and gathered momentum throughout the 1930s

During the founding period of U.S. history, how could political parties best be characterized as?

Loose caucuses of political notables in various localities

The ________, a faction of the Republican Party, were opposed to the patronage system and favored non-partisan elections at the city level.

Mugwumps or progressives

Between the national conventions, party affairs are managed by a ______________ made up of delegates from each state and territory.

National Committee

The number of convention delegates from each state, along with the rules under which they are chosen, is determined by___________.

National Committee

Americans tend to see the Republicans as better at handling such issues as ______, _____, and ______.

National defense, foreign trade, and crime

What has increased in terms of party identification?

Number of independents

What was developed to reform the party caucus system?

Party convention

Why might dramatic realignments, such as the one that occurred in 1932, not happen again?

Party labels have lost their meaning for a growing number of voters; might de-align rather than re-align

Define the term superdelegate

Party leaders and elected officials who become delegates to the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses

What was the distinctive feature of the Jacksonian (or second) party system?

Political participation became a mass phenomenon

Americans tend to see the Democrats as better at handling issues such as______, ______, and _____.

Poverty, the environment, and health care

How are candidates for office chosen in most states?

Primaries

What did the progressives favor?

Primary elections to replace nominating conventions; nonpartisan elections at the city level and sometimes state level

Beginning in the 1960s, the ________ became more bureaucratized, whereas the ________ became more factionalized.

Republicans; Democrats

The most recent independent candidate for president who was able to get on the ballot in every state was_________________.

Ross Perot

In recent elections, ticket splitting has been most common in which part of the country?

South

Why did procedures such as the initiative and the referendum arise?

The progressives in California, led by Governor Hiram Johnson, included the initiative and referendum so citizens could vote directly on proposed legislation, bypassing the state legislature; tried to reduce party boss corruption and weakened political parties

How did the Founders view political parties?

They saw political parties as factions motivated by ambition and self-interest. Opposed them.