Ch 9 Review

Democracy in America was written by

Alexis de Tocqueville.

Which of the following was NOT a mounting source of concern over the effects of the market revolution?

America's failure to attract many newcomers from Europe

Which of the following was NOT a key difference between traditional artisan production and the new factory system?

Artisans generally labored under closer supervision than did factory workers.

As a consequence of the expansive growth in the U.S. economy associated with the market revolution, skilled free black workers found their status and incomes rising.

False

Cotton gin was a beverage invented by Eli Whitney.

False

Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin improved the lives of millions of African-Americans.

False

From the 1830s to the 1850s, Americans were largely a sedentary lot who lived out their lives in the locale in which they were born.

False

Ralph Waldo Emerson was the author of Walden.

False

The Supreme Court did little to promote the entrepreneurial agenda of the market revolution.

False

The distribution of wealth was fairly even in the United States in the nineteenth century.

False

With the Second Great Awakening, American Christianity became more hierarchical and out of touch with the common folk.

False

Which was not an aspect of women's changing role in the context of the expansive and dynamic growth of the market economy in nineteenth-century America?

In the new, competitive, capitalist marketplace, women were to grow increasingly into captains of industry, becoming leaders of some of the nation's most important industries.

Which was not an element of the Second Great Awakening?

It emphasized predestination and the importance of each soul as being in the hands of an angry God.

America's first successful factory was established in 1790 by

Samuel Slater at Pawtucket, Rhode Island.

America's early factories drew largely upon the labor of women and children.

True

During the 1820s and 1830s, an emergent labor movement began voicing concerns about harsh working conditions, economic insecurity, and growing inequalities of wealth.

True

For the expanding middle class, it became a badge of respectability for wives to remain at home.

True

Free blacks were largely denied access to the material opportunities generated by the market revolution.

True

Henry David Thoreau held the view that people were being stifled by modern society and trapped in boring, dead-end jobs by their obsessive desire to earn money.

True

In Thoreau's view, the market revolution degraded both people's values and the natural environment.

True

In the nineteenth century, a married woman could not legally sign independent contracts; she could not sue someone in court in her own name; and not until after the Civil War could she, not her husband, control the wages she earned.

True

In the nineteenth century, barred from schools and other facilities, free black Americans constructed their own institutional life, centered on churches, educational, and mutual aid societies.

True

The largest group of immigrants to the United States during the 1840s and 1850s came from Ireland, which was then in the throes of the great potato famine.

True

The market revolution swept over the United States in the first half of the nineteenth century.

True

The rise of the corporation was crucial to the success of the market economy.

True

There was a rapid decline in the birthrate during the course of the nineteenth century, such that from an average of seven children per family, by 1900 women on average had four children.

True

With the market revolution, the artisan workshop gave way to relentless pressure for greater output and lower wages.

True

Workingmen formed political parties in the late 1820s; among the goals of these ephemeral political parties were free public education, an end to imprisonment for debt, and a ten-hour workday.

True

The Second Great Awakening was:

a popular religious revival that swept the country in the early 1800s.

Ralph Waldo Emerson was which of the following?

a transcendentalist

For Ralph Waldo Emerson, freedom was

an open-ended process of self-realization by which individuals could remake themselves.

What 1793 invention spurred the rise of the Cotton Kingdom and fueled demand for slaves?

cotton gin

"Slave coffles . . . became a common sight." Define "coffles."

groups chained to one another

Chicago's spectacular growth between 1830 and 1860 was principally due to

railroads.

What effect did the Embargo of 1807 have on manufacturing in the United States?

stimulated its growth

Which was NOT an innovation associated with the market revolution of the first half of the nineteenth century?

telephones

The 1825 completion of the 363-mile Erie Canal connected

the Great Lakes with New York City.

"Manifest destiny" was

the belief that the United States had a God-given mission to expand westward.

During the first half of the 1800s, the U.S. economy experienced explosive growth in output and trade, and a rise in the standard of living for millions of Americans. This dynamic and expansive growth was, in part, a consequence of the rise of factories, a transportation revolution via canal and rail, a communications revolution spurred by invention of the telegraph, increasing agricultural yields and the mechanization of farm equipment, a rising prosperity for financial institutions, and larger cities. Historians call this new economy

the market revolution, or market economy.

The "American system of manufactures"

was the mass production of interchangeable parts into rapidly built, standardized products.

Early New England textile mills relied largely on the labor of

women and children.

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?

work begun on National Road; steamboat introduced on Mississippi River; work begun on Erie Canal; work begun on Baltimore and Ohio Railroad