ch 9 teaching and counseling

When caring for a client, the nurse observes that the client enjoys reading books and magazines. In which learning domain does the client's learning style fall?

Cognitive Explanation: As the client enjoys reading books and magazines, the client's learning style would fall in the cognitive domain, where information is processed by listening or reading facts and descriptions. The affective domain is a style of processing that appeals to a person's feelings, beliefs, or values. The psychomotor domain is a style of processing that focuses on learning by doing. The interpersonal domain is a style of processing that focuses on learning through social relationships.

A nurse assisting a new mother in the act of breastfeeding represents which form of learning?

Psychomotor Psychomotor refers to the muscular movements learned to perform new skills and procedures, such as breastfeeding. Affective learning involves engagement of the client's emotions. Cognitive learning involves engagement of the client's critical thinking and reason. Simplistic is not a formal type of learning, and assisting a new mother with breastfeeding is not simplistic.

A pediatric nurse provides education to numerous clients. Which group of children benefits most from being involved in the teaching-learning process?

School-age children Explanation: School-age children are capable of logical reasoning and should be included in the teaching and learning process whenever possible.

A nurse is developing a contractual agreement with a client. Which statement is true of a contractual agreement?

The contract serves to meet the client's learning outcomes. Explanation: A contractual agreement is a pact between two people setting out mutually agreed-upon goals. The contracts are usually informal and not legally binding. The contract can serve to motivate the client and nurse to do what is necessary to meet the learning needs of the client; the contract does not serve to meet nursing goals.

The nurse will be caring for a client with a new diagnosis of hypertension. The client will be arriving for laboratory testing. When should the nurse begin client teaching?

during the admission process Explanation: Limited hospitalization time demands that nurses begin teaching as soon as possible. The client should be educated during the process of admission regarding what to expect, client rights, etc. The client should be educated prior to diagnostic testing. Although the client may require additional education when the test results become available, education should begin earlier. Waiting until immediately prior to discharge to begin teaching does not give the opportunity for return demonstration or to adequately determine whether the education was successful.

The nurse has educated the client on the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis and degenerative joint disease. This type of teaching best illustrates which learning theory?

Cognitive learning theory Explanation: Cognitive learning theory is the result of people wanting to make sense of the world around them by assimilating and processing information to gain new understandings and insights. Developmental learning theory focuses on considering the patient's physical maturation and abilities, psychosocial development, and cognitive capacity when providing education. Behavioral learning theory focuses on how one learns and unlearns behaviors. Adaptive learning theory explains how learning is optimized when teaching is adapted to the particular learning style of the learner.

The nurse is assisting a client 55 years of age to understand the anatomy and physiology of the heart following a heart attack. What type of learning is taking place?

Andragogy Explanation: Andragogy is the art and science of helping adults learn. Pedagogy is the academic discipline that deals with the theory and practice of teaching and how these influence student learning. Psychomotor learning is demonstrated by physical skills such as movement. Affective learning is growth in feelings or emotional areas (attitude or self).

During the health education session at the health care facility, the nurse notes that a client is able to recognize, describe to others, and explain the information learned. What is the final learning stage of the client in this case?

Independent use of new learning Explanation: The final learning stage for the client in this case is the independent use of the new learning. The client demonstrates the ability to recall the information being taught by describing it to others. Involvement of the client in the health education in an active way is required to maintain the attention and the concentration of the client. Repetition of information for memorization is a technique to teach illiterate clients.

Which developmental consideration is a nurse assessing when determining that an 8-year-old child is not equipped to understand the scientific explanation of the child's disease?

Intellectual development Explanation: Piaget's theory of intellectual development is a major learning theory. By understanding how children and adolescents develop learning abilities, the nurse can use this knowledge when teaching clients. School-age children are capable of logical reasoning and should be included in the teaching-learning process whenever possible. Teaching strategies that include clear explanations and reasons for procedures, stated in a simple and logical manner, are most successful. These children are open to new learning experiences but need learning to be reinforced by either a parent or health care personnel as they become more involved with their friends and school activities. Motor development would be focused on a hands-on skill for example, not the scientific explanation of the disease. Psychosocial development looks at stages of development and goals or tasks for different stages.

When a client says, "I don't care if I get better; I have nothing to live for, anyway," which type of counseling would be appropriate?

Motivational counseling Explanation: The most appropriate counseling for the situation at hand would be motivational counseling. With motivational counseling, the nurse would discuss feelings and incentives with the client. Short-term counseling focuses on the immediate problem or concern of the client or family. It can be a relatively minor concern or a major crisis, but in any case, it needs immediate attention. Long-term counseling extends over a prolonged period. A client might need the counsel of the nurse at daily, weekly, or monthly intervals. A client experiencing a developmental crisis, for example, might need long-term counseling. Professional counseling is a general term.