Ch11 Nutrition
Magnesium deficiency is rare among healthy Americans. Which of the following groups of people are most prone to a magnesium deficiency? Check all that apply.
Alcoholics People with poorly controlled diabetes Older adults
Determine whether each mineral element is a trace mineral, a major mineral, or a possible essential mineral. Major mineral
Calcium Potassium Sodium
Which of the following are functions of magnesium in the human body? Check all that apply.
Helps regulate heart and nerve functioning Cofactor for certain enzymes Helps regulate blood pressure and blood glucose levels
Which of the following are functions of phosphorus in the human body? Check all that apply.
Maintenance of acid-base balance Structural component of teeth Activation of enzymes and hormones necessary for energy metabolism Component in the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and phospholipids
Which of the following are functions of potassium in the human body? Check all that apply.
Maintenance of proper fluid balance Maintenance of acid-base balance Transmission of nerve impulses Muscle contraction Maintenance of normal kidney function
Which of the following are major functions of chloride in the human body? Check all that apply.
Maintenance of proper fluid balance Production of stomach acid Maintenance of acid-base balance
Which of the following amino acids contain sulfur? Check all that apply.
Methionine and cysteine are the sulfur-containing amino acids.
_______ is the second most abundant mineral in the body. About 85% of this mineral is found in combination with calcium in bones and teeth.
Phosphorus
Which of the following are signs or symptoms of dehydration? Check all that apply.
Rapid weight loss Dark urine Dry mouth Fatigue
Match the function on the left with its corresponding mineral on the right. Calcium
Structural component of bones and teeth
Match the function on the left with its corresponding mineral on the right. Potassium
This mineral plays a key role in proper fluid balance
How many cups of cooked spinach would you need to eat to obtain the amount of calcium in 8 fluid ounces of fat-free milk?
8 cups Good plant sources of calcium include broccoli and leafy greens like kale and spinach, but the calcium in plant foods is generally not as bioavailable as the calcium in milk and milk products. To obtain approximately the same amount of calcium that is in 8 fluid ounces of fat-free milk, you would need to consume 1.5 cups cooked kale, 2.25 cups cooked broccoli, or 8 cups cooked spinach.
Which of the following is a function of calcium in the human body? Check all that apply.
Blood clot formation Muscle contraction Maintenance of healthy blood pressure Formation of teeth
Determine whether each mineral element is a trace mineral, a major mineral, or a possible essential mineral. Possible Essential Mineral
Boron Arsenic Nickel
Which of the following minerals is supplied by hard water? Check all that apply.
Calcium Iron Sulfur Zinc Magnesium
Match the function on the left with its corresponding mineral on the right. Phosphorus
Component of DNA, phospholipids, and other organic compounds
Match the function on the left with its corresponding mineral on the right. Sulfur
Component of certain amino acids and vitamins
Which of the following are functions of sulfur in the human body? Check all that apply.
Component of the amino acids methionine and cysteine Essential to the activity of many enzymes Part of the proteins that provide strength to hair, nails, and skin
While trace minerals may play a role in human health, they are not essential.
False Both major minerals and trace minerals are essential nutrients that have known functions in the body and are necessary for human health. The difference between major and trace minerals is in the amount required by the body. Trace minerals are required in amounts that are less than 100 mg per day.
Calcium regulation is controlled by hormones. Complete each sentence to explain how the body maintains normal blood calcium levels.
If blood calcium levels drop, the parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH). This hormone signals bone cells called osteoclasts to tear down bone tissue. As a result, calcium is released from bone cells and enters the bloodstream. If calcium levels in the blood become too high, the thyroid gland secretes calcitonin. This hormone signals another type of bone cell, the osteoblasts, to remove excess calcium from the blood and build bone tissue.
Which of the following minerals is properly paired with its known function in the body? Check all that apply.
Magnesium—cofactor to speed up a chemical reaction Iron—component of hemoglobin Calcium—blood clotting
Which of the following may contribute to hyponatremia? Check all that apply.
Severe diarrhea Drinking too much plain water while running a marathon Severe vomiting
Which of the following are functions of sodium in the human body? Check all that apply.
Transmission of nerve impulses Transportation of small substances such as glucose and amino acids into cells Muscle contraction Maintaining proper fluid balance
ADH helps to conserve water during dehydration.
True
Match the function on the left with its corresponding mineral on the right. Chloride
Used in the production of stomach acid
Which of the following factors may play a role in calcium deficiency? Check all that apply.
Vegan diet Vitamin D deficiency High fiber intake Chronic diarrhea Women tend to consume less than the RDA for calcium, while men consume amounts roughly equivalent to the RDA. Factors that influence calcium absorption may contribute to calcium deficiency including vitamin D deficiency, reduced stomach acid secretion, phytic and oxalic acid intake, high fiber intake, high phosphorus intake, chronic diarrhea, and fat malabsorption. Vegans and people who are lactose intolerant are also at risk of calcium deficiency, because they avoid milk and milk products, which are the most reliable dietary sources of calcium.
Determine whether each mineral element is a trace mineral, a major mineral, or a possible essential mineral. Trace Mineral
Zinc Copper Iron
