Ch.12 Trauma and Stress-Related Disorders

Family interventions that recognize the concept of "prevention before occurrence" should begin with which of the following first? a. Teaching children how to recognize what abuse is and how it is not normal. b. Teaching parents how to enjoy being around their children. c. Inform parents that physical abuse and neglect are not only wrong but against the law. d. Teaching parents basic child-rearing skills.

b

In a group discussion with several parents of children who have suffered some form of abuse, Dean discusses one of the most important elements of the continuum of parental emotional sensitivity and expression. "Where would you list cussing at your child in that list?" he asks. What is the right answer? a. Being firm under certain cultural contexts b. Emotional tone and delivery c. Cruel and harsh control methods d. Coercive methods

b

The most commonly reported form of child maltreatment is: a.Physical abuse b.Neglect c.Sexual abuse d.Emotional abuse

b

Travis, 4, requires special monitoring when his preschool class goes to the Sunshine Farm, a petting zoo for rescued farm animals. When his class lines up to be counted or to walk as a group, he has been known to leave the line and wander off by himself. Dean, during his monthly seminar for preschool caregivers, says such behavior requires __________ for it to be disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED). a. something that Travis found that made him comfortable (such as revisiting an animal) b. an unfamiliar adult c. a person Travis mistakes as a caregiver d. an attractive nuisance

b

Which of the following is an example of "limited positive affect" in the case of a child with reactive attachment disorder (RAD)? a. Outbursts of fear in the presence of smiling adults b. An inability to react to expressions of care or comfort c. Expressions of sadness at being comforted d. A lack of any discernable separation anxiety

b

Although most often reported in the news, especially between teachers and students, it is not one of the more common forms of neglect. a. Physical abuse b. Sexual abuse c. Corporal punishment d. Psychological maltreatment

b less than 9%

According to one study, acute stress disorder occurs in _______ of children who experience trauma. a. 25 percent b. 40 percent to 50 percent c. 5 percent to 10 percent d. 10 percent to 20 percent

d

According to research from 2006, over __________ American children live in families in which partner violence occurred at least once during the previous year. a. 1.5 million b. 51 million c. 150,000 d. 15 million

d

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, over __________ are killed by their parents or caregivers each day in the United States. a. 100 b. 12 c. 25 d. 4

d

Although reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED) are restricted to the early years of a child's life, they can result in __________ later in childhood. a. poor parent-child attachment b. impulsivity c. ADHD d. delays in cognitive and socioemotional development

d

In what way do schools facilitate cognitive-behavioral interventions in helping children after a traumatic incident has occurred to children or people they know? a. Schools can provide "safe spaces." b. Schools can identify students who are at special risk for PTSD. c. Schools can bring in specially trained counselors or adopt appropriate "first aid" programs. d. Schools can allow children to express their grief, loss, or fear.

d

Marcie and Will, both 15, had been "steadies" since middle school. Will died in a car accident and Marcie, a year later, still can see his face in the coffin. Dean, her therapist, tells her such memories can be a criterion for __________. a. separation anxiety b. adjustment disorder acute stress disorder c. a flashback stressor d. post-traumatic stress disorder

d

Maria, a single parent and a mother, considers 13-year-old son her best friend. She even relaxes and smokes a joint with him now and then from his supply or hers. How might such a parenting style be categorized? a. Negative, for Maria shows takes advantage of her child's dependency. b. Dysfunctional, for Maria is being unclear about rules for safety and health. c. Positive and liberal, in that Maria is really being supportive, encouraging her son to be independent. d. Negative, especially in regard to exploiting the child for the parent's benefit

d

Monty, 12, is a victim of sexual abuse by her gym teacher. He was called Monique at the time and explains that he now considers himself male and that "what happened to me wouldn't be wrong now." Dean, his therapist, asks Monty if being Monty and not Monique makes him feel better about himself? Why does Dean ask such a sensitive question? a. Dean asks this to challenge the authenticity of Monty's "sexual reassignment." b. Sexual abuse should not be a cause for being sexually confused. c. It is the duty of the family therapist to intercede for parents and caregivers who may object to Monique becoming Monty. d. It is important to be certain that being Monty is not a form of escape and that he can express his feelings

d

The future trend in preventing child abuse and neglect will increasingly treat these problems as __________ a. with the increasing participation of pediatric primary care providers b. with the involvement of the court system c. as a cognitive development issue d. as a public health matter

d

The total lifetime economic costs related to maltreated children and adolescents in the United States has been estimated to be __________. a. $60 billion b. $129 million c. $100 million d. $124 billion

d

Traumatic events cause many forms of abnormal childhood development and can be defined as exposure to? a. a specific phobia b. violence c. anxiety and depression d. extreme or uncommon stressors

d

Ashley has been sexually assaulted at school, raped by her mother's boyfriend, and been beaten by her mother in a jealous rage. Her experience can be clinically stated as __________. a. sexual abuse with specifiers b. hypervictimization c. gross sexual imposition d. polyvictimization

d 75%

A psychologist, who is treating a group of adolescents who have suffered trauma through maltreatment or sexual abuse, wants to incorporate narrative therapy. Which of the following strategies should she avoid or modify? a. Writing a play about what happened to each member of the group b. Have each child get in a circle and tell their story, "what happened to me" c. Have the participants create a collaborative graphic novel of what each victim-author experienced d. Writing poems against maltreatment and sexual abuse and publishing them in a scrapbook

d In narrative therapy, a child is encouraged to develop an in-depth, coherent narrative of what happened while expressing their thoughts and feelings, developing positive coping strategies, and making meaning of losses. Protest poems might not include such a narrative.

The greatest impasse for treating sexually abused children is __________. a. self-escape from the abuse b. the offending adult, especially an offending parent or sibling c. that parents see themselves as the victims rather than the child d. knowing exactly what happened to them

d Sexually abused children experience a world of secrecy, silence, and isolation. Without disclosing the abuse, the path toward healing can be difficult.

Of the three obstacles to intervention and prevention services for maltreating families, the most realistic fear is __________. a. criminal charges b. interfering with the privacy of others c. losing parental rights d. being sent to an orphanage

a, c

According to more than one study, males who experienced __________ are at high risk for promiscuity, sexual aggression, and victimization of others, among both males and females, and other inappropriate sexual behaviors. a. any type of maltreatment b. sexual abuse by other males and females c. PTSD d. any type of traumatic event

a

According to one 2002 study, __________ experienced some form of major trauma before their sixteenth birthday. a. 1 in 4 youths b. nearly every child in the study c. 50 percent of all young people d. 1 in 4 girls

a

According to one study, __________ percent of preschoolers develop or mimic sexual behaviors that can be attributed to prior sexual abuse. a. 35 b. 10 c. 50 d. 76

a

According to one study, which of the following situations will significantly increase a child's risk of injury or death in the home? a. Marital violence b. A parent who habitually uses corporal punishment c. Single-parent households

a

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS), the most common form of child maltreatment is which of the following? a. Neglect b. Physical abuse c. Child labor d. Sexual abuse

a

Despite the greater attention paid by the justice system of the maltreatment of children, __________ are punished in such a way that it can cause injury or death. a. 1 in 10 b. 1 in 25 c. 5 in 10 d. 3 in 20

a

In addition to their appearance, willingness to trust alternative sources of authority, and youth, children targeted by adults (and even older children) for sexual abuse must also be vulnerable in this respect? a. The targeted child must have a setting that leaves him or her unsupervised. b. The targeted child must be unsure of themselves. c. The abusive adult must be trusted by the family. d. The targeted child must spend time alone.

a

Pillar describes to Dean how she feels when her prom date tried to kiss her. "It was like I was a ghost or something." Knowing that she was raped by her stepfather at the age of 8, Dean tells her that comes from __________. a. disassociation b. sexual adjustment c. a desire to escape d. guilt

a

The model for how to raise children is as much a factor for a healthy family environment as it is an unhealthy one. Which of the following is both and immediate and traditional source of this model, especially for new parents? a. One's own childhood b. Parent-child attachment c. The community d. Grandparents

a

Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) incorporates elements of cognitive-behavioral, including humanistic, empowerment, family therapy, and __________ models. a. attachment b. exposure theory c. separation d. psychological first aid

a

Why has the maltreatment of children been seen as "problematic" in the modern period, that is, from the 1800s onward? a. Until the 1800s, the welfare of the child was strictly under the jurisdiction of the head of household. b. Common law, dating to medieval times, has long allowed for corporal punishment. c. Children have long been seen as "small adults." Indeed, childhood is a Victorian construct. d. Children were once considered commodities, not unlike indentured servants or chattel slaves.

a

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) estimates that __________ out of a thousand children experience some form of maltreatment. a. nearly 10 b. 25 percent c. nearly 25 d. more than 10

a Each year, almost a million children in the United States experience maltreatment that results in some degree of harm, resulting in a rate of 9.4 per 1,000 children in the population.

Children exposed to chronic or severe situations involving death or injury are more vulnerable to __________. a. developmental problems and setbacks b. PTSD c. somatic signs of distress d. Trauma

b

Dean, a family therapist, asks a question: "There is only one right answer this time. Childhood must be a safe place, sure, but it must have some of this, too, or a child cannot learn to adapt." Which of the following might be the answer? a. Psychological competence b. Stress c. Free of threats d. Anger

b

Every year, there are _____ reports of maltreatment made in the United States. a.100,000 b.3,000,000 c.1,000,000 d.500,000

b

According the DSM-5's criteria for RAD and DSED can be diagnosed for children __________. a. up until the age of 5 b. from the age of 9 months until adolescence c. no younger than 9 months d. between the ages of 9 months and 5 years

c

According to the APA's poll of teenage respondents, "Stress in America," __________ believe their stress will increase in one year, which suggests that their lives are just as stressful as an adults. a. 90 percent b. over half c. 34 percent d. 25 percent

c

Approximately 45% of deaths from maltreatment occur in children: a.less than 6 years old. b.between 3-5 years old. c.less than 1 year old. d.over 7 years old.

c

The operant word for what a child should expect from his or her caregiving environment between what that child demands and how to respond to that need is __________. a. community support as well as parental competence b. adequate parental knowledge c. the right balance d. stimulation

c

What kind of exposure does cognitive-behavioral therapy rely on in treating children and families for trauma and maltreatment? a. Disaster focused b. Imagined, role-playing, and the like c. Primary or secondary victimhood d. Self-exposure

c

Why is childhood trauma seen as the "hidden epidemic"? a. Childhood trauma has led to an outbreak of PTSD. b. Childhood trauma is the leading stressor for anxiety and depression disorders. c. Childhood trauma is very likely linked to serious mental health consequences. d. The focus on the maltreatment and sexual abuse of children by the justice system has resulted in a virtual epidemic of caseloads in U.S. courts.

c

Why are stressful social interactions with parents, siblings, and other children seen as a negative influence on a child's development? a. They can lead to violence and possible injury and death. b. They produce the various signs of stress that need to be monitored for intervention. c. They can lead to neurobiological changes that can affect social development. d. They may lead to maladaptive interactions learned in childhood

c, d