ch.13 bio 109

Which of these statements comparing the nervous system and the endocrine system is true? a.) The nervous system can access and communicate with all cells in the body, whereas the access of the endocrine system to different cells and tissues is more limited. b.) The nervous system enables more rapid communication and signaling than does the endocrine system. c.) The nervous system is fully functioning at birth, whereas the endocrine system doesn't begin to function until puberty. d.) The endocrine system exclusively controls development, whereas the nervous system controls homeostasis.

The nervous system enables more rapid communication and signaling than does the endocrine system.

Which of these endocrine disorders is associated with the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin? a.) Type 2 diabetes mellitus b.) Addison's disease c.) diabetes insipidus d.) Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland control the activity of all of the following glands, EXCEPT the __________. a.) ovaries b.) thyroid gland c.) testes d.) adrenal medulla

adrenal medulla

Which one of the following is required in the diet in order for active thyroid hormones to be produced? a.) zinc b.) iodine c.) phosphorus d.) calcium e.) iron

iodine

Which two hormones most directly regulate lactation? a.) estrogen and prolactin b.) progesterone and oxytocin c.) oxytocin and prolactin d.) estrogen and progesterone

oxytocin and prolactin

From which part of the pituitary are the hypothalamic hormones (antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin) released? a.) both lobes of the pituitary b.) neither lobe of the pituitary, but rather the stalk c.) connecting the pituitary to the hypothalamus d.) posterior pituitary e.) anterior pituitary

posterior pituitary

The most accurate statement about FSH is ________. a.) FSH is produced in the posterior pituitary and stimulates sperm production b.) FSH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates testosterone production c.) FSH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates both sperm production and egg development d.) FSH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates ovulation e.) FSH is produced in the posterior pituitary and stimulates egg development

FSH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates both sperm production and egg development

The most accurate statement about LH is ________. a.) LH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates both testosterone production and ovulation b.) LH is produced in the posterior pituitary and stimulates ovulation c.) LH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates sperm production d.) LH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates egg development e.) LH is produced in the posterior pituitary and stimulates testosterone production

LH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates both testosterone production and ovulation

__________ hormones enter target cells and bind to intracellular receptors, whereas __________ hormones bind to cell membrane receptors and never enter the target cells. a.) Nonsteroid; steroid b.) Protein; peptide c.) Steroid; carbohydrate d.) Steroid; nonsteroid

Steroid; nonsteroid

Which one of the following causes the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla? a.) AMTH form the anterior pituitary b.) Releasing hormone from the hypothalamus c.) Sympathetic nerves d.) ACTH from the anterior pituitary e.) Parasympathetic nerves

Sympathetic nerves

How do releasing hormones travel from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland? a.) They are secreted from the neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus directly onto the endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary. b.) They are secreted from the neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus directly into the posterior pituitary. The posterior pituitary then relays a releasing signal to the anterior pituitary. c.) They are released into the bloodstream in the hypothalamus and travel to the posterior pituitary. The posterior pituitary then sends a chemical signal to the anterior pituitary and the appropriate hormones are released. d.) They are released near blood vessels (a capillary bed) in the hypothalamus, travel a short distance, and diffuse out around the cells of the anterior pituitary.

They are released near blood vessels (a capillary bed) in the hypothalamus, travel a short distance, and diffuse out around the cells of the anterior pituitary.

All of the following statements about the endocrine system are TRUE EXCEPT which one? a.) Hormones exert their effects on cells that have the specific hormone receptor. b.) Many hormones are not able to cross the blood-brain barrier. c.) Hormones act more quickly than the nervous system. d.) The endocrine system and the nervous system frequently interact. e.) Hormones are distributed via the circulatory system.

Hormones act more quickly than the nervous system.

What hormone promotes water retention by the kidneys? a.) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) b.) prolactin c.) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) d.) melatonin e.) glucagon

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Receptors for nonsteroid hormones are located in _____. A.) the extracellular fluid B.) the cytoplasm C.) the nucleus D.) the cytosol E.) association with a cell's plasma membrane

association with a cell's plasma membrane

Which of the following would be triggered by a drop in blood Ca2+ levels? a.) decrease in calcitonin secretion b.) increase in ADH secretion c.) increase in PTH secretion d.) both increase in PTH secretion and decrease in calcitonin secretion

both increase in PTH secretion and decrease in calcitonin secretion

What hormone lowers blood calcium levels? a.) oxytocin b.) LH c.) ACTH d.) insulin e.) aldosterone f.) calcitonin

calcitonin

Which hormone opposes the action of parathyroid hormone? a.) calcitonin b.) insulin c.) thyroxine d.) thymosin e.) glucagon

calcitonin

Hyposecretion of ADH results in what? a.) overstimulation of cell division b.) stimulation of protein synthesis c.) reduced uptake of blood glucose d.) diabetes insipidus e.) an increase in the mass and length of bones

diabetes insipidus

Insufficient production of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary may result in what? a.) dwarfism b.) diabetes insipidus c.) a drop in blood glucose levels d.) gigantism e.) acromegaly

dwarfism

Which one of these hormones are responsible for the "fight or flight" response to danger? a.) insulin and glucagon b.) thyroxine and calcitonin c.) androgens and estrogens d.) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin e.) epinephrine and norepinephrine

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Which of these is a nonsteroid hormone? a.) estrogen b.) testosterone c.) both estrogen and testosterone d.) oxytocin e.) epinephrine and oxytocin

epinephrine and oxytocin

Which of the following is incorrectly paired? a.) insulin: diabetes insipidus b.) ADH: diabetes insipidus c.) thyroid: Grave's disease d.) cortisol: Cushing's syndrome

insulin: diabetes insipidus

Which hormone stimulates hormone production by the ovaries and testes? a.) progesterone b.) testosterone c.) glucocorticoids d.) luteinizing hormone (LH) e.) estrogens

luteinizing hormone (LH)

What hormone causes ejection of milk into ducts during breast-feeding? a.) oxytocin b.) LH c.) ACTH d.) insulin e.) aldosterone f.) calcitonin

oxytocin

Which hormone stimulates milk production? a.) parathyroid hormone b.) mineralocorticoids c.) prolactin d.) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) e.) thymosin

prolactin

The effect of parathyroid hormone is to ________ blood calcium levels.

raise

The kidneys secrete both __________. a.) histamine and prostaglandins b.) secretin and cholecystokinin c.) renin and erythropoietin d.) aldosterone and ADH

renin and erythropoietin

Thymosin and thymopoietin are secreted by the ________. a.) pituitary gland b.) adrenal cortex c.) thyroid d.) thymus

thymus

true or false. Calcitonin and PTH have opposing effects on blood calcium levels.

true

What hormone stimulates the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex? a.) oxytocin b.) LH c.) ACTH d.) insulin e.) aldosterone f.) calcitonin

ACTH

The anterior pituitary gland produces all of the following EXCEPT which one? a.) TSH b.) ADH c.) LH d.) ACTH e.) PRL

ADH

_____ are the main male hormones. a.) Progesterones b.) Mineralocorticoids c.) Androgens d.) Luteinizing hormones e.) Estrogens

Androgens

What hormone promotes sodium uptake and potassium excretion? a.) oxytocin b.) LH c.) ACTH d.) insulin e.) aldosterone f.) calcitonin

aldosterone

Which of the following tissues/organs is NOT a member of the endocrine system? a.) thyroid gland b.) salivary gland c.) adrenal gland d.) kidney e.) stomach

salivary gland

Cortisol production occurs in the __________ and is stimulated by __________. a.) adrenal cortex; ACTH b.) adrenal medulla; FSH c.) thymus gland; growth hormone d.) thyroid gland; TSH

adrenal cortex; ACTH

Which of the following hormones will be most active after 24 hours without food? a.) glucagon b.) oxytocin c.) insulin d.) aldosterone

glucagon

Which of the following statements about glucagon is true? a.) Glucagon works with cortisol to lower blood glucose levels. b.) Glucagon secretion is highest following a heavy meal. c.) glucagon causes glycogen to break down to form glucose. d.) Glucagon promotes the uptake of glucose by liver and muscle cells.

glucagon causes glycogen to break down to form glucose.

Alpha cells of the pancreas secrete _____________, whereas beta cells secrete _______________. a.) growth hormone; insulin b.) gastrin; insulin c.) glucagon; insulin d.) somatostatin; glucagon

glucagon; insulin

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) triggers the release of _____ in response to stress. a.) melatonin b.) insulin c.) glucocorticoids d.) thymosin e.) parathyroid hormone

glucocorticoids

The target cells of an endocrine gland __________. a.) are connected to the gland by nerve cells b.) will always be in close proximity to the gland c.) respond to all endocrine hormones released by all endocrine glands d.) have specific receptors for the hormone

have specific receptors for the hormone

How do nonsteroid hormones differ from steroid hormones? a.) nonsteroid hormones bind to a cell's DNA; steroid hormones do not bind to a cell's DNA b.) nonsteroid hormones act via signal transduction pathways; steroid hormones do not act via signal transduction pathways c.) the action of nonsteroid hormones never affects gene expression; the action of steroid hormones always affects gene expression d.) nonsteroid hormones bind to cytoplasmic receptors; steroid hormones bind to plasma membrane receptors e.) nonsteroid hormones are fat-soluble; steroid hormones are water-soluble

nonsteroid hormones act via signal transduction pathways; steroid hormones do not act via signal transduction pathways

Luteinizing hormone is considered a gonadotropin because of which one of the following reasons? a.) It stimulates the growth and development of gonads, but only in females. b.) It stimulates the growth but not the development of gonads in males. c.) It promotes the growth of reproductive organs in both males and females. d.) It functions to complement the activity of TSH. e.) It triggers the production of gonadotropin hormones.

It promotes the growth of reproductive organs in both males and females.

What hormone causes release of the egg from the ovary? a.) oxytocin b.) LH c.) ACTH d.) insulin e.) aldosterone f.) calcitonin

LH

Secretion of hormones by the anterior pituitary gland is closely regulated by the __________. a.) hypothalamus b.) adrenal cortex c.) cerebellum d.) posterior pituitary gland

hypothalamus

The structure that controls hormone release by both the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary is the ________. a.) hypothalamus b.) thyroid gland c.) posterior pituitary d.) thalamus e.) anterior pituitary

hypothalamus

Which of these glands secretes releasing hormones? a.)hypothalamus b.)adrenal cortex c.)thymus d.)testes

hypothalamus

What hormone stimulates cell uptake of glucose by cells throughout the body? a.) oxytocin b.) LH c.) ACTH d.) insulin e.) aldosterone f.) calcitonin

insulin