ch14 micro practice
31. Which is not true of sebum? a) it raises the pH of skin b) it is secreted by sebaceous glands c) it has antimicrobial properties d) accutane limits acne by preventing its formation e) its metabolism can result in acne.
A
43. Activation of which of the following complement proteins causes cytolysis (MAC attack)? a) C9 b) C1 c) C5 d) C3
A
44. Activation of which of the following complement proteins causes opsonization? a) C3b b) C5 c) C9 d) C1
A
47. Which type of leukocytes is the most abundant in normal blood? a) neutrophil b) lymphocyte c) monocyte d) eosinophil
A
51. Which of the following steps of phagocytosis is the third one? a) phagolysosome formation b) chemotaxis c) digestion d) ingestion e) excretion
A
53. Your lab partner slipped on her way to class. She scraped her arm without drawing blood. You make a smear of the fluid from his scrape and observe large nucleated cells. These cells are most likely: a) neutrophils b) lymphocytes c) bacteria d) erythrocytes
A
58. Macrophages have all of the following properties except: a) are derived from granulocytes. b) may be larger than monocytes. c) have a plasma membrane covered with ruffles or microvilli. d) possess receptors for carbohydrates not normally exposed on the cells of vertebrates.
A
62. Which of the following is a generic term for a protein or glycoprotein released by one cell population that acts as an intercellular mediator? a) cytokine b) monokine c) lymphokine d) interleukin e) colony-stimulating factor
A
71. All of the following pertain to platelets except A. they contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. B. they are also called thrombocytes. C. they originate from giant multinucleate cells called megakaryocytes. D. they function in blood clotting and inflammation. E. they are not whole cells but are pieces of cells.
A
75. Which structures are found along lymphatic vessels but are heavily clustered in the armpit, groin, and neck? A. Lymph nodes B. Thymus C. spleen D. GALT E. Tonsils
A
79. All the following are events of early inflammation except A. macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis. B. chemical mediators and cytokines are released. C. brief vasoconstriction is followed by vasodilation. D. exudate and pus can accumulate. E. capillaries become more permeable resulting in edema.
A
85. Due to the way the lymph drains from lymph nodes, cell and products of immunity continually A. enter the regular circulatory system. B. enter the liver. C. enter the gastrointestinal tract. D. enter the gall bladder. E. enter the thymus gland.
A
86. The key phagocytic cells of the body are the A. neutrophils and macrophages. B. basophils and neutrophils. C. eosinophils and macrophages. D. macrophages and monocytes. E. natural killer cells.
A
29. Mucous membranes and skin: a) both secrete mucus. b) are both composed of an outer layer of epithelial cells and an inner layer of connective tissue. c) are similar in the moisture available for microbial growth. d) do not support the growth of microbes. e) are equally likely to serve as portals of entry for microbes.
B
40. Interferons: a) are both host-specific and virus-specific. b) are host-specific but not virus-specific. c) are useful for treating viral infections. d) can protect any host against any virus. e) are virus-specific but not host-specific.
B
45. A lysosome: a) is an enzyme. b) is an organelle in white blood cells. c) hydrolyzes peptidoglycan. d) destroys gram-positive cell walls
B
48. Histamine causes all of the following reactions. Which occurs first? a) redness b) vasodilation c) pain d) swelling
B
61. The complement system acts in a _____________ fashion, amplifying the response. a) synergistic b) cascade c) avalanche d) classical e) mutualistic
B
65. The body region where a ciliary escalator helps to sweep microbes trapped in mucus away from that body site is the: A. skin. B. respiratory tract. C. digestive tract. D. urinary tract. E. eyes.
B
67. The blood cells that particularly target parasitic worms and fungi are: A. basophils. B. eosinophils. C. neutrophils. D. monocytes. E. lymphocytes.
B
76. Which gland shrinks in size during adulthood, and has hormones that function in maturation of T-lymphocytes? A. Lymph nodes B. Thymus C. spleen D. GALT E. Tonsils
B
80. Which is incorrect about inflammation? A. It can last hours to years. B. Pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability. C. Serotonin causes smooth muscle contraction. D. Fever could be beneficial to inhibiting the pathogen. E. Basophils and mast cells release histamine.
B
87. The contribution of B cells is mainly in A. inflammation. B. humoral immunity. C. complement activity. D. cell mediated immunity. E. phagocytosis.
B
30. The respiratory system is protected against harmful microbes by all of the following except? a) ciliated cells b) ciliated escalator c) the lacrimal apparatus d) mucous-coated hairs
C
32. Granulocytes that appear to play an important anti-parasitic role are the: a) monocytes b) basophils c) eosinophils d) neutrophils e) lymphocytes
C
33. Which is not true for adherence of a phagocyte to a microbe? a) adherence is a critical step in phagocytosis. b) waxes and proteins can limit adherence. c) antibody molecules attached to the microbe will limit adherence. d) a capsule will limit adherence. e) complement molecules attached to the microbe can enhance adherence.
C
35. The stage of phagocytosis in which the phagocytes' plasma membrane attaches to the surface of the microbe is called: a) fusion b) ingestion c) adherence d) chemotaxis e) cytolysis
C
38. Activation of the complement cascade: a) prevents cleavage of complement proteins such as C3 and C5. b) reduces swelling in affected tissues. c) can cause the infecting microbe to be killed by lysis. d) typically reduces the ability of phagocytes to engulf microbes. e) can reduce inflammation.
C
39. Complement can be activated by all of the following except: a) gram-negative cell walls. b) antibody-antigen binding. c) presence of host tissue. d) surface antigens of foreign cells. e) contact with a pathogen.
C
46. All of the following are mechanical factors that provide resistance against disease except: a) urination and defecation. b) mucus and ciliated escalators. c) stomach secretion of hydrochloric acid. d) sneezing and coughing. e) blinking and tear production.
C
49. The rise in temperature that causes a fever is due to the hypothalamus responding to: a) complement b) gram-negative bacteria c) interleukin-1 d) interleukin-2
C
52. All of the following statements are true about lysozyme except? a) it is an enzyme. b) it destroys gram-positive cell walls. c) it is an organelle in white blood cells. d) it hydrolyzes peptidoglycan. e) it is found in tears, saliva and mucus.
C
54. Which endogenous molecules are specifically involved in fever induction? a) cytokines b) lymphokines c) pyrogens c) macrophages d) interferons
C
55. The stomach usually contains a very low concentration of bacteria due to: a) the neutral pH b) the high pH c) the low pH d) the high turnover of contents e) the inhibitory action of bile
C
69. The most numerous WBC's, that have multilobed nuclei and are very phagocytic are A. basophils. B. eosinophils. C. neutrophils. D. monocytes. E. lymphocytes.
C
82. The membrane attack stage of the complement cascade involves A. initiation of the cascade. B. production of inflammatory cytokines. C. a ring-shaped protein digests holes in bacterial cell membranes and virus envelopes. D. cleaving of C3 to yield C3a and C3b. E. C1q binds to surface receptors on a membrane.
C
28. The epidermis: a) serves as one of the more common portals of entry for pathogens. b) is composed of loosely packed cells. c) is composed largely of epidermal cells, all of which are alive. d) contains the protein keratin. e) is below the dermis.
D
36. Which of the following is not true of the inflammatory process? a) cytokinins are produced including serotonin and prostaglandins. b) diapedesis occurs. c) edema occurs. d) the area becomes red due to a decrease in capillary diameter. e) swelling occurs due to vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.
D
37. All of the following are true of inflammation except: a) vasodilation causes redness of affected tissues. b) it can be triggered by microbial infection, b urns, exposure to chemicals, or trauma. c) histamine released by dmamged host cells can result in vasodilation. d) many neutrophils can be found at the site of a chronic area of inflammation. e) granulocytes that have died are commonly engulfed by macrophages.
D
41. Interferon is effective against which one of the following? a) chronic infections b) bacterial infections c) acute infections d) virus infections
D
42. Which one of the following leukocytes is not phagocytic? a) neutrophils b) moncytes c) eosinophils d) lymphocytes
D
50. Assume you put red blood cells in three test tubes. Normal serum is added to Tube A, heated serum is added to Tube B, and there is no serum in Tube C. The red blood cells in Tube A lyse. You can conclude from this that: a) complement is activated by heat. b) complement kills bacteria. c) heat lyses red blood cells. d) complement is a protein.
D
56. Which of the following may result in an immunocompromised host? a) alcoholism b) diabetes c) cancer d) all of these e) none of these
D
57. Lymphocytes are the major cells of the specific immune system, including: a) T-cells b) B-cells c) natural Killer cells d) all of these e) none of these
D
59. Which of the following corresponds to secondary lymphoid tissue? a) thymus b) bone marrow c) spleen d) lymph nodes e) none of these
D
60. The complement system aids the host defense by: a) mediating inflammation b) attracting phagocytic cells c) activating phagocytic cells d) all of these e) none of these
D
68. The clearance of pus, cellular debris, dead neutrophils, & damaged tissue after inflammation is performed by: A. basophils. B. eosinophils. C. neutrophils. D. macrophages. E. complement.
D
70. Which cell type is phagocytic and can migrate out into body tissues to differentiate into macrophages? A. Basophils B. Eosinophils C. Neutrophils D. Monocytes E. Lymphocytes
D
73. Plasma cells A. function in cell-mediated immunity. B. are derived from T-lymphocytes. C. function in blood clotting. D. produce and secrete antibodies. E. All of the choices are correct.
D
77. The lymphoid tissues of the intestinal tract are collectively referred to as A. lymph nodes. B. thymus. C. spleen. D. GALT. E. tonsils.
D
83. Specificity and memory are associated with which body defense mechanism? A. Inflammatory response B. Phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils C. Interferon D. T cell and B cell responses E. Anatomical barriers in the body
D
27. Which of the following molecules or structures is not associated with innate immunity? a) mucous membranes b) phagocytes c) skin d) lysozyme e) antibodies
E
34. Which is true for bacterial destruction by phagocytosis? a) phagolysosomes have a neutral pH. b) Listeria monocytogenes is killed within a phagolysosome. c) lipids and proteins, but not nucleic acids, may be digested inside lysosomes. d) toxic oxygen products such as hydrogen peroxide are removed. e) macrophages are longer lived than granulocytes.
E
63. Components of the first line of defense include all the following except : a) the tough cell sheet of the upper epidermis of the skin. b) nasal hairs. c) flushing action of tears and blinking. d) flushing action of urine. e) phagocytic white blood cells.
E
64. Nonspecific chemical defenses include A. lysozyme. B. lactic acid and electrolytes of sweat. C. skin's acidic pH and fatty acids. D. stomach hydrochloric acid. E. All of the choices are correct.
E
66. Plasma A. is the liquid portion of blood in which blood cells are suspended. B. is mostly water. C. contains albumin and globulins. D. contains fibrinogen. E. All of the choices are correct.
E
72. Diapedesis is the A. loss of blood due to hemorrhaging. B. production of only red blood cells. C. production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. D. plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding. E. migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues.
E
74. The reticuloendothelial system (RES): A. is a support network of connective tissue fibers. B. originates in the cellular basal lamina. C. provides a passageway within and between tissues and organs. D. is heavily populated with macrophages. E. All of the choices are correct.
E
78. The four classic signs and symptoms of inflammation include all the following except A. redness. B. warmth. C. swelling. D. pain. E. chills.
E
81. Which is mismatched? A. interferon inhibits viral replication B. interleukin-2 - stimulate T cell mitosis and B cell antibody production C. serotonin - causes smooth muscle contraction D. prostaglandins - causes a change in body thermostat E. interleukin-1 - produced by helper T cells
E
84. All of the following are types of agranulocytes because they do not have prominent granules in their cytoplasm when stained except A. T cells. B. B cells. C. monocytes. D. lymphocytes. E. basophils.
E
10. TRUE or FALSE? Fever is triggered by the secretion of IL-1 by the hypothalamus.
F
11. TRUE or FALSE? Pyogens produce fever.
F
12. TRUE or FALSE? The central protein that triggers the complement cascade is C3a.
F
14. TRUE or FALSE? Serotonins, prostaglandins, brazykinins, interleukins, interferons and histamines are all examples of cytokines.
F
16. TRUE or FALSE? MHC-1 receptors (markers) are MULTIPLE HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX receptors.
F
18. TRUE or FALSE? Dendritic cells are phagocytic cells derived from monocytes.
F
19. TRUE or FALSE? Mucous membranes limit microbial invasion because of the mucous they produce but not as a result of cilia.
F
2. TRUE or FALSE? Phagocytes are important for both the 1st & 2nd lines of host defense.
F
20. TRUE or FALSE? The terms lymphocyte and white blood cell are synonyms.
F
22. TRUE or FALSE? If phagocytic cells are found in the tissues, they will be macrophages.
F
23. TRUE or FALSE? Interferons have the ability to cure many viral infections, including the common cold.
F
25. TRUE or FALSE? For the complement cascade, only the classical pathway can result in cytolysis.
F
26. TRUE or FALSE? Plasma is also called lymph.
F
4. TRUE or FALSE? The immune system consists of blood, cytoplasm, lymph, RES and GALT.
F
5. TRUE or FALSE? Dendritic cells are a type of granulocyte.
F
1. TRUE or FALSE? Non-specific resistance includes fever, inflammation, skin, mucous and complement.
T
13. TRUE or FALSE? Complement proteins cause lysis & enhance phagocytosis & inflammation.
T
15. TRUE or FALSE? Cancer cells are targeted by NK cells, interferons and T-cells.
T
17. TRUE or FALSE? A subcutaneous infection resulting from epidermal damage is likely to contain staphylococci.
T
21. TRUE or FALSE? Neutrophils and eosinophils are granulocytes.
T
24. TRUE or FALSE? Complement component C3b acts to increase adherence of phagocytes to microbes.
T
3. TRUE or FALSE? The body can tell "self" from "non-self" through monitoring of the MHC.
T
6. TRUE or FALSE? Eosinophils are not usually phagocytic.
T
7. TRUE or FALSE? Basophils are the least common cell types out of a differential blood count of lymphocytes, basophils, monocytes and eosinophils.
T
8. TRUE or FALSE? If a phagocyte cannot stick to a pathogen, phagocytosis will not occur.
T
9. TRUE or FALSE? Inflammation usually causes diapedesis, dolor, clotting and scar formation.
T
