CH15

A patient is born with several autoimmune diseases and severe allergies. This patient most likely has a deficiency of __________.

regulatory T cells

All of the following are correctly matched EXCEPT...

regulatory T-cells : induce clonal expansion

Cytotoxic T-cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity and exclusively destroy virus-infected cells.

False

Habitual cigarette smokers may be more susceptible to recurrent infections in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Smoking causes irritation and inflammation of the epithelial lining of the respiratory tract. This chronic irritation would compromise adaptive immunity more so than innate immunity.

False

Helper T cells can stimulate the proliferation of cytotoxic T cells, but not the proliferation of B cells.

False

Natural killer (NK) cells result in opsonization and agglutination of bacteria and viruses.

False

Activation of B- or T-lymphocytes is induced by ______________ cells.

Helper-T

Which of the following is an example of specific immunity?

Immunity to a viral strain of influenza

Which of the following processes can be activated by the complement system?

Inflammation and opsonization

Why is Interleukin administration a promising therapy for cancer?

Interleukin-1 and 2 stimulate the proliferation of T lymphocytes, which recognize mutated cells as targets for destruction.

Which of the following is FALSE about active immunity?

It occurs when antibodies are passed from one to another, as with breast milk.

Foreign antigens presented on class I MHC molecules ___________.

stimulate cell destruction by activated T cells

Chemokines and cytokines __________.

stimulate the action and proliferation of the cells of the adaptive immune system

A patient tests positive for an active infection with the Epstein-Barr virus, which causes the disease mononucleosis. He is confused, because he thought that people couldn't develop mononucleosis twice. His previous medical records confirm that he was infected with Epstein-Barr 5 years earlier. Current bloodwork reveals a high level of IgM, but no IgG antibodies for the virus. It is most likely that the patient had an insufficient immune response to the first infection, resulting in a lack of memory B cell production.

True

Cells infected by a pathogen (virus, cancer) produce, secrete, and recognize interferon.

True

In the classical pathway of complement activation, a complement attaches to an antigen-antibody complex.

True

MHC II proteins are produced by antigen producing cells that complexes with ingested foreign antigens.

True

Viruses and self-proteins are both examples of proteins produced inside the cell that may be recognized as antigens.

True

All of the following are features or functions of antibodies EXCEPT...

they are derived from T-cells.

Given the pathogenic mechanism, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) directly interferes with __________.

adaptive immunity

Autoimmune diseases

three of the choices are correct. occur when there is immunological intolerance. affect men more than women. *only two of the choices listed are correct. include multiple sclerosis, irritable bowel syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus type I.

Which of the following is NOT a theory of how antibodies do not attack our own cells (immunological intolerance)?

antagonistic B & T cells attack each other to keep the immune system from getting too strong.

All of the following are non-specific defense mechanisms except...

antibody production

Foreign substances that elicit an immune response are termed __________.

antigens

All of the following characterize antigens except that antigens...

are immunoglobulins produced by the body.

Antigen presenting cells __________.

are necessary for T cell recognition of antigens

A disease resulting from the immune system failing to recognize and tolerate self-antigens is called a(n) __________ disease.

autoimmune

Opsonization is __________.

coating of a bacterium with antibody to make it more susceptible to phagocytosis.

Antibodies interact with antigens in all these ways except...

to induce interferon

PAMPS (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) are

found on bacteria & viruses (pathogens).

CD8 receptors

help Killer T-cells identify cells with MHC Class I receptors.

Hypothetically, which of the following would exacerbate the development of sepsis?

increased production of nitric oxide

Macrophages secrete ________ which activate(s) ___________.

interleukin-1; helper T cells

Cytotoxic T cells recognize __________.

viral antigens and class I MHC molecules

Chemokines are __________.

*All of the choices are correct. a subclass of cytokines secreted by macrophages promote the recruitment of lymphocytes to a site of infection or injury

Choose the example of how active immunity is acquired.

A person produces antibodies in response to being injected with antigens.

All of the following are antigen presenting cells (APC's) EXCEPT...

neutrophils

An antigen-presenting cell presents an antigen to a T-helper cell __________.

on its surface on a class II MHC molecule

Cytotoxic T cells produce __________.

perforin, which makes holes in the cell membrane of infected cells

What is the correct sequence for the processing of foreign proteins, once inside the cell?

Broken into fragments, fuse with a Golgi vesicle containing class II MHCs, and transported to the plasma membrane