Ch.15 Renaissance & Mannerist Art

School of Athens

Raphael, high Renaissance. Classical balance and harmony.

Masaccio

Renaissance artist. First to use Scientific perspective in his painting His Holy Trinity.

Renaissance in Northern Europe

Renaissance came later to the North but they used Oil before Italy did. Less Idealism, Realism but not Naturalism.

True Linear/Scientific Perspective

Renaissance discoveries: made illusion of depth and space more convincing. real/implied parallel lines converge at one+ vanishing point. Objects intended to be further away are shown smaller.

Oil on Canvas

Renaissance discoveries: provided greater range of colors with smooth transitions between them =realistic textures and 3D

Birth of Venus

Sandro Botticelli. Renaissance artist. Tempera on Canvas. Venus body shows modeling, known for the linear quality. Increased naturalism but styalized.

idealism

the representation of figures and forms that conforms to a concept of perfection rather than to reality.

Pyramidal Composition

type of symmetrical composition that builds to climax at the center To construct a pyramidal composition, an artist places objects and figures within the outline of an imaginary triangle or pyramid on the picture plane (examples: Masaccio's Trinity, Leonardo's Last Supper, Michelangelo's Pieta, or Titian's Pesaro Madonna).

Modeling

use of hatching or chiaroscuro to create illusion of 3D form on 2D surface.

The Ducal Palace at Urbino

where the best writers, philosophers, and artists went to show care for the new renaissance ideas.

Renaissance

- French word meaning rebirth, refers to the revival of architectual styles from classical antiquity in Western Europe in 15th/16th century. -Rediscovered realism and idealism of ancient Greek and Roman Art. -Rise of Humanism.

The bURIAL OF Count Orgaz medium and characteristics

-El Greco Mannerist Artist- Oil on Canvas elongated figures, dissonant use of light, brilliant colors, artificiality and lack of depth are typical elements of the Mannerist style.

El Greco influenced by

-Mannerisim artist. - El Greco was heavily impacted by the styles of Italian masters Titian, Tintoretto and later, Michelangelo. This was reflected in his earlier works in which his concept of space and colour displayed clear influences.

El Greco art:

-Mannerism Artist- 'The Disrobing of Christ and 'The Burial of the Count of Orgaz', The Aunnunciation.

El Greco

-Mannerist Artist- El Greco is best known for his religious paintings,and portraits. of which the most famous today are 'The Disrobing of Christ'(El Espolio) (1577-79) and 'The Burial of the Count of Orgaz' (El entierro del Conde de Orgaz) (1587).

Arnolfini Double Portrait Medium

. Jan Van Eyck, Northern Europe Renaissance artist. Oil On Wood

Aesthetics

1. set of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty, especially in art. 2. the branch of philosophy that deals with the principles of beauty and artistic taste.

Jan Van Eyck art:

Arnolfini Double Portrait

Conceptual Art

Art that serves as a purpose of promoting on idea. Unemotional, scientific, doesnt mean it has no message, can be beautiful and intellcually inspiring.

Sandro Botticelli

Birth of Venus.

Linear perspective credited to

Brunelleschi. Renaissance period

Renaissance sculptor Donatello was inspired by

Classical style of Contraposto stance, emotionless,

Michelangelo Buonarroti most famous sculpture

David

Donatello's art

David first life size nude sculpture. after killing Goliath.

Dome, Drum, and Lantern.

Dome: roof w hemispherical shape. Drum: circular wall supporting the dome. Lantern: structure crowning the dome that lets in light.

Compare b/w Early and High Renaissance in Italy art

Early : Idealism, naturalish. High: Realism, strong interest in anatomy. - less usage of religious figures and there is no more use of the halo around Jesus' head. -Pyramidal Compositions. Both: Haromny and Balance.

What does fertility represent?

Fertile, willing, loyal, tidy up, looked upon.

School of Athens Medium

Fresco Painting

Albrecht Durer

German Painter of the Northern Renaissance in Europe skilled linear quality and fine detail. New art must be based on science. Classical Point of View His work was an important transition from the lingering late Gothic to The Renaissance style in the North.

In Pontormo's The Entombment of Christ by Jacob da Pontormo Mannerisim Artist. Two figures bear Christ, who Mary no longer cradles is seen in...

Giotto's Lamentation, an italian painter who led the way from the Gotich style to the Renaissance in the North. Mary is cradeling christ.

Garden of Earthly Delights painter and possible meaning?

Heironymus Bosh Traditional Christian Progress from paraside to hell as a result of human SIN.

Leonardo Da Vinci

High Renaissance architect, scientist, military engineer,and musician, and PAINTER. Many projects unfinished.

Michelangelo Bounarroti

Italian High Renaissance painter, architect, sculptor, writer, philosopher.

Renaissance in Northern Europe artist

Jan Van Eyck, Albrecht Durer,

Symbolism in Arnolfini Double Portrait

Jan Van Eyck, Northern Europe Renaissance artist. Shoe in corner/removed shoes=Holy Act. bride in green =fertitlity pretending to be pregnant=fertility. Sunlight=presence of God

Arnolfini Double Portrait

Jan Van Eyck, Northern Europe Renaissance artist. Wedding Portrait, legal marriage document. Lots of Symbolism

Donatello

Leading SCULPTOR in early Renaissance. David and Statue of Judith

Rapheal Differs from Leonardo Rapheal art:

Leonardo - mysterious, dark background, Raphael-sun and light. School of Athens

Madonna Of The Rocks

Leonardo Da Vince. Italian High Renaissance artist. Volume, atmospheric perspective, classical, stablity. Pyramidal Arrangment

The Last Super

Leonardo Da Vinci, High Renaissance in Italy . balanced. symmetrical. . best known Christian works of art Aesthetics

Sfumato Effect

Leonardo Da Vinci, High Renaissance in Italy. "Vanished in smoke": smokey, hazey atmospheres that softens outlines.

Mona Lisa

Leonardo Da Vinci, High Renaissance in Italy. Sfumato effect

Albrecht Durer was influenced by in which one of his works:

Leonardo: The pose and distant landscape in his Self Portrait Van Eyck: paid attention to detail

Bronzino

Mannerisim artist, pupil of Pontormo.

Bronzino art

Mannerist Artist. Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time

Michealangelo's David differs from Donatello's how?

Michealangelos: Before killing Goliath. Looks concentrated;furrowed brow, tense neck. \Carving skill, muscular. Donatello: After killing Goliath. Exxagerated Classical Contraposto Stance. Introspective look.(Thoughtful). Effeminate pose.

Who are the two people who sculpted a David?

Michelangelo from the Italian High Renaissance-before killing Goliath Donatello from Early Renaissance.-after killing Goliath

Leonardo Da Vinci's art

Mona Lisa, The Last Super, and Madonna on The Rocks.

Entombment of Christ medium

Oil On Wood

The Last Super medium

Oil and Tempera on wood

Renaissance new scientific advances

Oil on canvas and Linear Perspective.

Mona Lisa medium

Oil on wood

Raphael Sanzio

Painter, happy one.

Mannerism Artist

Pontormo, Bronzino, El Greco.

Mannerism

Predesscors/Renaissance achieved perfection. Human figures become elongated and exaggerated and pushed to the edge of the composition. Mannerists used their mastery of perspective, modeling, line, and color to create artificial worlds that were nevertheless painstakingly 'realistic' in their details. Unsettling, Bizzare works. Balance, symmetry, clairty from the Renaissance is ignored.

Garden of Earthly Delights

Strangest Painting of the northern Renaissance. It is a Triptch: Large central Panel and two wings. Left wing: God w/ Adam and Eve in a bizzare garden full of odd creatures. Wierd Fountain in the Middle one.Right wing is weird death and darkness.

Sistine Chapel

The chapel is a rectangular building with arched windows along each of the side walls and a barrel-vaulted ceiling. Although its exterior is drab and unadorned, its decorated interior is covered - from floor to ceiling - in frescoes by some of the most famous Early Renaissance artists. Its masterpieces of religious art, arguably the greatest fresco paintings ever, are the Genesis and Last Judgment frescoes, painted by Michelangelo.

Why is the Mona Lisa so famous?

The reason everyone cites for the Mona Lisa's popularity is her smile. Often described as enigmatic, her half-smile has puzzled people from Sigmund Freud and Harvard professors to countless observers. Mysterious

Venus of Urbino

Titian, high Renaissance. Oil painting on canvas. a mythological nature, the life-size Venus of Urbino remains the iconic version of the reclining female nude, and a treasure of the Venetian High Renaissance. Painted by Titian, the picture was based on the earlier work The Sleeping Venus Giorgione a close friend of the artist.

Italy Early Renaissance v High Renaissance and paid by who

While the preceding Early Renaissance had been centred on Florence and largely paid for by the Medici family, the High Renaissance was centred on Rome and paid for by the Popes. Indeed, it very nearly bankrupted the city.

The high Renaissance in Italy

art which flourished for about 35 years when Rome was sacked by imperial troops, revolved around three towering figures: Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael

Renaissance characteristics

balance, symmetry, harmony, unity, stability.

Entombment of Christ

by Jacob da Pontormo Mannerisim Artist illustrates a traditional Christian scene in a very different manner. Physical impossiblities. luminous color changing via angles Pastels rather than bold primary colors of the Renaissance.

Venus Cupid, Folly and Time by: Characteristics: Medium:

by Mannerist artist: Bronzino Figures pushed up against edges. the hand of cupid with the third and fourth finger close together, elegant positioning of Venus and Cupid's fingers are typical on Mannerist artist. Colors are rich but cool and metallic. Oil on Wood

Statue of Judith

depicts the assassination of the Assyrian general Holofernes by Judith and is remarkable for being one of the first Renaissance sculptures to be conceived in the round, with its four distinct faces.

Classical

emphasizes rational simplicity and order. restrained emotions. not passionate work.

The Burial of the Count Orgaz by El Greco Mannerist Artist

huge painting universally considered his greatest masterpiece and most beautifully crafted religious painting of all time. It's the Funeral of Orgaz, The story goes that during this ceremony, the heavens erupted spontaneously and friends and mourners witnessed a sky filled with images of Jesus, the Virgin, St. John, and several other saints and angels. He painted 2 realms, earthly and the heavenly. Scene above shows heavenly figures;christ, st peter, and angels. -elongated, delicate figures He gives each realm its own style. Lower portion are more realistic with natural porportions.

The High Renaissance in Italy characteristics

ideals of classical humanism were fully implemented in both painting and sculpture, and when painterly techniques of linear perspective, shading and other methods of realism were mastered. calm, Idealized, portportions, dispassionate, Christianity + classisim. Artist=scholars.

What is the Last Super depicting?

illustrates the scene from the last days of Jesus Christ Flanked by his twelve apostles, Jesus has just declared that one of them will betray him. The picture depicts the reaction of each disciple to the news

Iconography

images/potential symbols in a work

Humanism

in the Renaissance was a secular philosophy that stressed education and knowledge. Importance of the individual & ability for self-determination and civic duty.

Madonna on The Rocks medium

oil painting

Realism

portraying objects as they actually are.

Filippo Brunelleschi

sculptor, invented Scientific Perspective. Best known as architect. He devised a solution for the unfinished Dome of the Gothic Cathedral of Florence.