Ch.15 The Autonomic Nervous System Open Stax/ Wescott Physiology

Which of the following is not a target of a sympathetic preganglionic fiber? intermural ganglion collateral ganglion adrenal gland chain ganglion

Intermural Ganglion

What other organ system gets involved, and what part of the brain coordinates the two systems for the entire response, including epinephrine (adrenaline) and cortisol?

The endocrine system is also responsible for responses to stress in our lives. The hypothalamus coordinates the autonomic response through projections into the spinal cord and through influence over the pituitary gland, the effective center of the endocrine system.

Which type of drug could be used to treat asthma by opening airways wider? sympatholytic drug sympathomimetic drug anticholinergic drug parasympathomimetic drug

sympathomimetic drug

Which of these locations in the forebrain is the master control center for homeostasis through the autonomic and endocrine systems? hypothalamus thalamus amygdala cerebral cortex

Hypothalamus

Which of these physiological changes would not be considered part of the sympathetic fight-or-flight response? increased heart rate increased sweating dilated pupils increased stomach motility

Increased stomach motility

Which signaling molecule is most likely responsible for an increase in digestive activity? epinephrine norepinephrine acetylcholine adrenaline

Acetylcholine Acetylcholine is the chief neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system, the part of the autonomic nervous system (a branch of the peripheral nervous system) that contracts smooth muscles, dilates blood vessels, increases bodily secretions, and slows heart rate.

What gland produces a secretion that causes fight-or-flight responses in effectors? adrenal medulla salivatory gland reproductive gland thymus

Adrenal medulla

What is the term used to describe any exogenous substance that binds to a receptor and produces an opposing effect to the endogenous ligand?

Anatagonist

Which of these cranial nerves contains preganglionic parasympathetic fibers? optic, CN II facial, CN VII trigeminal, CN V hypoglossal, CN XII

Facial, CN VII Preganglionic fibers in the PNS arise from the midbrain, medulla oblongata, and sacral segments of the spinal cord. Cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers directly to ganglia located near or directly in innervated organ

During the flight or fight response, epinephrine moves into the cells. T/F?

False

Epinephrine speeds up digestion during the flight or fight response.

False

In the kidney, glycogen is converted into glucose as a source of energy for our cells. T/F?

False its converted in the liver

What two changes does adrenaline bring about to help the skeletal muscle response?

The heart rate increases to send more blood to the muscles, and the liver releases stored glucose to fuel the muscles

The pupillary light reflex involves sensory input through the optic nerve and motor response through the oculomotor nerve to the ciliary ganglion, which projects to the circular fibers of the iris. As shown in this short animation, pupils will constrict to limit the amount of light falling on the retina under bright lighting conditions. What constitutes the afferent and efferent branches of the competing reflex (dilation)?

The optic nerve still carries the afferent input, but the output is from the thoracic spinal cord, through the superior cervical ganglion, to the radial fibers of the iris.

The adrenal medulla is connected nervously to the brain. T/F?

True

Why do you think sitting close to the screen or right in the middle of the theater makes motion sickness during a 3-D movie worse?

When the visual field is completely taken up by the movie, the brain is confused by the lack of vestibular stimuli to match the visual stimuli. Sitting to the side, or so that the edges of the screen can be seen, will help by providing a stable visual cue along with the magic of the cinematic experience.

Which kind of drug would have anti-anxiety effects? nicotinic agonist anticholinergic muscarinic agonist α-blocker

a-blocker

What neurotransmitter will result in constriction of the pupil? norepinephrine acetylcholine epinephrine serotonin

acetlycholine

Which of the following is an incorrect pairing? norepinephrine dilates the pupil epinephrine increases blood pressure acetylcholine decreases digestion norepinephrine increases heart rate

acetylcholine decreases digestion

A drug is called an agonist if it ________. blocks a receptor interferes with neurotransmitter reuptake acts like the endogenous neurotransmitter by binding to its receptor blocks the voltage-gated calcium ion channel

acts like the endogenous neurotransmitter by binding to its receptor

What region of the limbic lobe is responsible for generating stress responses via the hypothalamus? hippocampus amygdala mammillary bodies prefrontal cortex

amygdala

. Which of the following represents a sensory input that is not part of both the somatic and autonomic systems? vision taste baroreception proprioception

baroreception baroreception (uncountable) (medicine) The physiological sensory response to changes in blood pressure.

What is another name for the preganglionic sympathetic fibers that project to the heart? solitary tract vasomotor nerve vagus nerve cardiac accelerator nerve

cardiac accelerator nerve

What central fiber tract connects forebrain and brain stem structures with the hypothalamus? cardiac accelerator nerve medial forebrain bundle dorsal longitudinal fasciculus corticospinal tract

medial forebrain bundle

Which type of drug would be an antidote to atropine poisoning? nicotinic agonist anticholinergic muscarinic agonist α-blocker

muscarinic agonist

A drug that affects both divisions of the autonomic system is going to bind to, or block, which type of neurotransmitter receptor? nicotinic muscarinic α-adrenergic β-adrenergic

nicotinic

Which nerve projects to the hypothalamus to indicate the level of light stimuli in the retina? glossopharyngeal oculomotor optic vagus

optic

Which type of fiber could be considered the longest? preganglionic parasympathetic preganglionic sympathetic postganglionic parasympathetic postganglionic sympathetic

preganglionic parasympathetic Sympathetic preganglionic fibers tend to be shorter than parasympathetic preganglionic fibers because sympathetic ganglia are often closer to the spinal cord than are the parasympathetic ganglia.

What is the term for a reflex that does not include a CNS component? long reflex visceral reflex somatic reflex short reflex

short reflex

to learn about a teenager who experiences a series of spells that suggest a stroke. He undergoes endless tests and seeks input from multiple doctors. In the end, one expert, one question, and a simple blood pressure cuff answers the question. Why would the heart have to beat faster when the teenager changes his body position from lying down to sitting, and then to standing?

the effect of gravity on circulation means it is harder to get blood up from the legs as the body takes on vertical orientation

The autonomic system, which is important for regulating the homeostasis of the organ systems, is also responsible for our physiological responses to emotions such as fear. The video summarizes the extent of the body's reactions and describes several effects of the autonomic system in response to fear. On the basis of what you have already studied about autonomic function, which effect would you expect to be associated with parasympathetic, rather than sympathetic, activity?

the release of urine in extreme fear . the sympathetic system normally constricts sphincters such as that of the urethra