Ch.19 Blood: Check point questions

how would the hematocrit change after an individual suffered a significant blood loss?

after a significant loss of blood(esp. of RBCs) the hematocrit (the amt of formed elements-mostly rbcs) as a % of the total blood would be reduced

identify the composition of the formed elements in blood

RBCs, WBCs, and platelets are the formed elements of blood

list the three major types of plasma proteins

albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen

which type of WBC would you find in the greatest numbers in an infected cut?

an infected cut would contain a large number of neutrophils, phagocytic WBCs that are generally the first to arrive at the site of an injury

explain the difference btw platelets and thrombocytes

platelets are non-nucleated cell fragments in mammal blood, whereas thrombocytes are nucleated platelets in nonmammalian-vertebrate blood

list the 3 primary functions of platelets

release chemicals important to the clotting process, form a temporary patch in the walls of damaged blood vessels, and contract after a clot has formed

what is the function of surface antigens on RBCs?

surface antigens on RBCs are glycolipids in the plasma membrane; they determine blood type

define: thrombocytopoiesis

term used for platelet production

unless chemically treated, blood will coagulate in a test tube. This clotting process begins when factor XII becomes activated. Which clotting pathway is involved in this process?

the activation of factor XII initiates the intrinsic pathway

which type of cell would you find in elevated numbers in a person who is producing large amounts of circulating antibodies to combat a virus?

the blood of a person fighting an viral infection would contain elevated numbers of lymphocytes, because B lymphocytes produce circulating antibodies

what two components constitute whole blood?

whole blood= composed of plasma and formed elements

List 5 major functions of blood

1. transportation of dissolved gases, nutrients, hormones, and metabolic wastes 2. regulation of the pH and ion composition of Interstitial fluids 3. restriction of fluid losses at injury sites 4. defense against toxins and pathogens 5. stabilization of body temp

identify the five types of WBCs

Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils

what would be the effects of a decrease in the amt of plasma proteins

a decrease in the amt of plasma proteins in the blood would lower plasma osmotic pressure, reduce the ability to fight infection, and decrease the transport and binding of some ions, hormones, and other molecules

a sample of bone marrow has usually few megakarocytes. What body process would you expect to be impaired as a result?

a decreased number of megakarocytes would interfere with the blood's ability to clot properly, because fewer megakarocytes would produce fewer platelets

why is venipuncture a common technique for obtaining a blood sample?

because superficial veins are easy to locate, the walls of the veins are thinner than those of arteries, and blood pressure in veins is relatively low, so the puncture wound seals quickly

in what way would a disease that causes damage to the liver affect the level of bilirubin in the blood?

bilirubin would accumulate in the blood, producing jaundice, because diseases that damage the liver, such as hepatitis or cirrhosis, impair the livers ability to excrete bilirubin in the bile

dave develops a blockage in his renal arteries that restricts blood flow to the kidneys. Will his hematocrit change?

daves hematocrit will increase, because reduced blood flow to the kidneys triggers release of erythropoietin, which stimulates an increase in erythropoiesis(RBC formation)

which specific plasma protein would you expect to be elevated during a viral infection?

during a viral infection, you would expect the lvl or immunoglobins(antibodies) in the blood to be elevated

how do basophils respond during inflammation?

during inflammation, basophils release a variety of chemicals including histamine and heparin, that exaggerate the inflammation and attract other types of WBCs

vit K is fat soluble, and some dietary fat is required for its absorption. how could a diet of fruit juice and water have an effect on blood clotting?

fruit juice and water do not contain fats, which are required for vit. K absorption, leading to a vit K deficiency. This would lead to a decreased production of several clotting factors--most notably, prothrombin. as a result, clotting time would increase

describe hemoglobin

hemoglobin is a protein composed of 4 globular subunits, each bound to a heme molecule, which gives red blood cells the ability to transport oxygen in the blood

why cant a person with type A blood safely receive blood from a person with Type B blood?

if a person with type A blood receives a transfusion of Type B blood, which contains anti-A antibodies, the rbcs will clump, or agglutinate, potentially blocking blood flow to various organs and tissues

which blood type(s) can be safely transfused into a person with type O blood

only type O blood can be safely transfused into a person whose blood type is O