Ch.2 Hardware

gigahertz

The speed of most modern processors is measured in

clock speed, word size, bus width

The three factors that impact a processor's speed

multi- core- processor

Two or more complete processors residing on the same chip and can execute two or more sets of instructions at a time is called a

Embedded computers...

are integrated with a larger device

Hertz

Measure of clockspeed (cycles of internal operations per second)

gigabytes and terabytes

Measurements of hard drive capacities

ROM

The instructions needed to boot-up a computer, such as the basic input/output system (BIOS), are typically stored in

Machine cycle (fetch, decode, execute, and store)

Which important process is performed by the CPU? Machine cycle (fetch, decode, execute, and store)

Embedded computers..

are small computers integrated to part of a larger devices

HDMI

high definition multimedia interface

File Server

server used for data storage

Personal computer CPU clock speeds range between

1-4 gigahertz

Wifi uses

802.11 protocol. - This protocol ensures that devices enabled with Wi-Fi can connect to any Wi-Fi network.

Storage

Devices allowing the retention of data for future use are called

intel

Founded in 1968, this is the world's largest designer of computer chips. Its i5, i7, and i9 chips dominate the personal computer market. Founded in 1968, this is the world's largest designer of computer chips. Its i5, i7, and i9 chips dominate the personal computer market

Electronic

Memory, such as RAM or cache, is __ and has no moving parts

Word Size

The amount of bits a processor can work with is referred to as

clock

The amount of instructions the CPU can process per second is dictated by the

Intel

The largest chip designing and manufacturing company in the world is

L1

The small amount of memory, located within the CPU itself, is referred to as

ASCII

coding language uses 8 bits to represent a byte of information.

Server

computer system in a network that is shared by multiple users

Cahce

contains frequently accessed data and is much smaller than computer's RAM

Web Serve

controls access to resources on the web

External storage devices

devices that have: - optical DVD drive - universal serial bus (USB) - External hard drive

Hard Drive Space

is the amount of storage you have available to save data and information.

L3

memory located next to processor

Read-only- memory (ROM)

separate chips of storage (nonvolatile) that contain instructions not designed to be rewritten or removed.

Network Server

use to control access to resources like printers and applications

Which two of the following items are commonly included when you purchase a Windows PC laptop computer with a solid-state hard drive?

- An operating system -A universal serial bus (USB) port

CPU is..

- The CPU is integrated into a chip called a microprocessor. -The CPU is located on the motherboard of the computer. -CPU is the abbreviation for Central Processing Unit.

Clock speed

- aka: clock rate -is the speed at which the processor performs the operations required to run a digital device and instructions executed

All- in - one computers..

- house every component except the keyboard and mouse inside the same case as the monitor - are stationary devices with mother board behind monitor

Unicode

- many computer use _____which is a coding scheme using at least 16 bits to represent a character. - capable of representing world's lamguage

Solid- State Drive

- no moving parts - extremely fast - used in a variety of products including smartphones

Mainframe

- not designed to solve complex technical formulas - more powerful than a server computer - used by organizations to process large amounts of transactions

Traditional Hard Drives

- store data magnetically -have a platter - have a read and write head - commonly found in desktop computers

Boot Process

- the device is powered on and the CPU activates the BIOS - the power on self test is executed - the OS is loaded into RAM - OS check registry setting and loads saved configuration settings

Overclocking

-Changing processor setting so that computer runs faster than recommended by the manufacturer is called -can damage a processor if not properly executed. It will also void your warranty.

cache, l2 cache, or l1 cache

A high-speed storage area usually located directly on the CPU is called

Hyperthreading

A multicore processor has the ability to execute two or more sets of instructions at the same time. This is called

single core processor

A processor with one control unit and one arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is called a

file transfer protocol (FTP)

A protocol commonly used to transfer large files from one server to another on the Internet is the

Protocol

A set of rules for communication between devices that determine how data are transmitted and received is called a

Processor

All computations and activities in a digital device are conducted by the

AMD

Founded in 1969, this company's technology is featured inside most gaming consoles including the PS5. Founded in 1969, this company's technology is featured inside most gaming consoles including the PS5.

Nvidia

Founded in 1993, produces popular mobile device processors.

32 bits, 64 bits

Processors typically have a word size of either