Ch.2 Research & Methods Assignment (AP Psych CollegeBoard)

Which of the following best describes the response of members of the American Psychological Association to ethical issues in research?

They have developed codes of ethics for research with both human participants and animal subjects.

In a research study, informed consent is a concern of

ethics

Which of the following is a term for a variable that researchers do not control and that can affect the results of a study?

Confounding variable

In order to yield information that is generalizable to the population from which it was drawn, a sample must be

representative of the population

12, 3, 3, 4, 8 What is the mean of the set of numbers above?

6

The next questions refer to the situation described below. In an experiment designed to determine whether watching violent scenes on television increases the frequency of aggressive behavior in children, one group of subjects saw a nonviolent cartoon and another group saw a violent cartoon. In the play period that followed the viewing of the cartoons, researchers observed the two groups of children together and counted instances of aggressive behavior. The control group in the experiment is the group that

watched the nonviolent cartoon

2, 11, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 5 What is the mode of the number set above?

2

3, 3, 0, 3, −3 What is the standard deviation of the numbers above?

3

A double-blind control is essential for which of the following?

Assessment of a treatment designed to reduce schizophrenic symptoms

What is the best way to ensure that results of a study are generalizable to a population?

By using a random selection of people in that population

In an experiment, which of the following variables refers to the outcome that is measured by the experimenter?

Dependent

https://assets.learnosity.com/organisations/537/media.academicmerit.com/3df0ec7de59481dd4c65b0d46e2e75fa/original.png Which of the following is true of the frequency distributions shown in the graphs above?

Distribution B has more variation than distributions A or C.

Which of the following scenarios is regulated by federal law?

Dr. Mast, a psychologist, has a client, Tim, who threatens to seriously harm his brother, Carl. Tim has a history of serious violence and the means to carry out the threat; therefore, Dr. Mast must inform Carl.

There is a strong positive correlation between ice cream sales and instances of snakebites. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this correlation?

Hot weather is related to both ice cream sales and snake activity.

According to the ethical guidelines set by the American Psychological Association (APA), which of the following is true of psychological research in which animals are used as subjects?

It should conform to all APA ethical guidelines for animal research

In which of the following types of research are the same children tested periodically at different points in their development?

Longitudinal

Which of the following research methods is being used if the same subjects are tested at two, four, and six years of age?

Longitudinal

https://assets.learnosity.com/organisations/537/media.academicmerit.com/f70947ba25eb7a9113800521ef9481a7/original.png Which of the following best describes the graph above?

Negatively skewed distribution

The correlation between two measures obtained on a group of individuals is graphically represented as a

Scatterplot

Which of the following most accurately describes a dependent variable?

Some aspect of a participant's response that is measured in an experiment

Which of the following studies has had the most profound impact on ethical issues in psychological research?

Stanley Milgram's study of obedience

An instructor conducted an experiment to determine the effects of two different methods of study on the amount students learned in introductory physics. The results showed that the average amount learned by the group using one method was greater than the average amount learned by the group using the other. However, the difference was not statistically significant. Which of the following is the most appropriate conclusion to be drawn?

There is a possibility that the difference between the two groups occurred by chance.

Marjorie's little brother tends to bother her when he is bored. Marjorie wants to figure out which toy will keep her brother occupied the longest so he will not bother her. She conducts a study where each day at 6P.M. for a week she gives her brother a different toy and on one of the days she gives him no toys to play with. She measures the amount of time he spends playing with each toy before he comes to bother her. Which of the following is the independent variable in this example?

Type of toy

When is it permissible for a psychologist to share a client's test scores with another person?

When the client provides written permission to share results

The next questions refer to the situation described below. In an experiment designed to determine whether watching violent scenes on television increases the frequency of aggressive behavior in children, one group of subjects saw a nonviolent cartoon and another group saw a violent cartoon. In the play period that followed the viewing of the cartoons, researchers observed the two groups of children together and counted instances of aggressive behavior. The dependent variable in the experiment is the

amount of aggressive behavior exhibited by the children

A research design involves two randomly assigned groups of participants. One group receives a one-time treatment, and the other does not. Later, the two groups are compared to see whether the treatment had an effect. Psychologists call this kind of research

an experiment

Dr. Larson was interested in whether classical music helps students perform better on a test. Dr. Larson randomly assigned half of the study's participants to a group that listened to classical music while taking a test. The other half of the participants did not listen to music while taking a test. The research design Dr. Larson used is

an experiment

To determine whether a cause-effect relationship exists between two variables, a researcher must use

an experimental approach

Dr. Patel is conducting a study to test a hair-growth shampoo she is developing. She instructs fifty participants to use the hair-growth shampoo once daily for a month and another fifty to use a regular shampoo once a day for a month. Dr. Patel measures the participants' hair length at the beginning and the end of the thirty days. Which of the following is the dependent variable?

change in hair length

In experimental psychology, a significant difference refers to a

difference not likely due to chance

Drawing a random sample of people from a town for an interview study of social attitudes ensures that

each person in the town has the same probability of being chosen for the study

A researcher uses debriefing when he

explains the true purpose of a study immediately after the study is complete

The most important reason to use operational definitions in psychological research is it

helps everyone involved with the research understand and collect data in the same manner.

https://assets.learnosity.com/organisations/537/09830fa0-31cf-4afa-b7d6-387048ea8700.png Which of the following scattergrams represents the data above?

https://assets.learnosity.com/organisations/537/media.academicmerit.com/1c322b5463db71b3d91ff09a7ecc92a7/original.png

A survey shows that children who have encyclopedias in their homes earn better grades in school than children whose homes lack encyclopedias. The researcher concludes that having encyclopedias at home improves grades. This conclusion is erroneous primarily because the researcher has incorrectly

inferred causation from correlation

The mean will be higher than the median in any distribution that

is positively skewed

A study can be regarded as scientific only if

its conclusions can be verified or refuted by subsequent studies

Jane Goodall lived among wild chimpanzees intermittently for decades, studying their social and family systems while keeping her interaction with the chimpanzees to a minimum. Her research method can most accurately be described as

naturalistic observation

The most distinctive characteristic of the experimental method is that it

seeks to establish cause-effect relationships

The generalizability of a study increases when

the sample is more representative of the population

Professor Ahad has forty-three students in section one of the psychology classes she teaches and fifty-two students in section two. Section one meets at eight a.m. and, section two meets at one p.m. Professor Ahad gives all of her students the same final exam, and those in section two score significantly higher than those in section one. Professor Ahad concludes that her section one students are academically inferior to students in section two. The biggest problem with Professor Ahad's conclusion is that

time of day is a confounding variable in this scenario.