Ch.20 Sec. 3,4,5 Worksheets- Microbiology

Water molds produce thin filaments known as?

Hyphae

What is an eyespot, and what is its function?

It is a cluster of reddish pigment near one of a euglena that helps the organism find sunlight to power photosynthesis.

What is the compound agar derived from, and how is it used?

It is derived from certain seaweeds and it thickens the nutrient mixtures scientists use to grow bacteria and other microorganisms.

What did the Great Potato Famine lead to?

It lead to people getting diseases and at least one million people died from disease or starvation. More than one million people emigrated from Ireland to the United States and other countries.

Blade

Leaflike structure

What are examples of plant diseases that water molds cause?

Mildews and blights of grapes and tomatoes.

Acellular slime molds belong to the phylum?

Myxomycota

Fertilization in water molds occurs in the?

Oogonium

Water molds, or oomycetes, are members of the phylum?

Oomycota

Through photosynthesis, algae produce much of Earth's?

Oxygen

Euglenas have a tough, intricate membrane called a(an) ________.

Pellicle

Brown algae are members of the phylum?

Phaeophyta

What occurs in the process known as alternation of generations?

Process in which many algae switch back and forth between haploid and diploid stages of their life cycle.

Dinoflagellates are members of the phylum?

Pyrrophyta

Red algae are members of the phylum?

Rhodophyta

What are zoosporangia?

Spore cases that portions of the hyphae develop into an asexual production.

Sporophyte

Spore-producing phase

The plasmodium eventually produces sporangia, which in turn produce haploid?

Spores

Holdfast

Structure that attaches alga to the bottom.

Why are algae such a wide range of colors?

The accessory pigments in algae reflect different wavelengths of light than chlorophyll.

Where are male and female nuclei produced in water mold sexual reproduction?

The male nuclei is produced by the antheridium, while the female nuclei is produced by the oogonium.

What are the most important differences among the three phyla of multicellular algae?

The most important differences among the three phyla of multicellular algae involve their photosynthetic pigments.

What characteristics do green algae share with plants?

Their photosynthetic pigments and cell wall composition.

How do plantlike protists make much of the diversity of aquatic life possible?

They are at the base of the food chain.

Where are brown algae commonly found growing?

They are commonly found in cool, shallow coastal waters of temperate or arctic temperatures.

How can the cells in a Volvox colony coordinate movement?

They are connected to one another by strands of cytoplasm, enabling them to coordinate movement.

What are slime molds?

They are funguslike protists that play key roles in recycling organic material.

How can an algal bloom be harmful?

They can bloom quickly and derive the water of its nutrients and cells begin to die in great numbers. The decomposition of the dead algae can rob the water of its oxygen, killing the surrounding fish and invertebrate life.

What pigments do brown algae contain?

They contain chlorophyll a and c, as well as brown accessory pigment called fucoxanthin.

What do cellular slime molds form when their food supply is exhausted?

They go through a reproductive process to produce spores that can survive unfavorable conditions

How are funguslike protists like fungi?

They grow in damp, nutrient-rich environments, and absorb food through their cell membranes. The funguslike protists are heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter.

How are funguslike protists unlike most true fungi?

They have centrioles and also lack the chiten cells that true fungi have.

How have various groups of algae adapted to conditions of limited light?

They have evolved different forms of chlorophyll.

Why have algae been called the "grasses" of the sea?

They make up much of the base of the food chain upon which sea animals "graze."

How do euglenas reproduce?

They reproduce asexually by means of binary fission.

What do scientists think is the connection between mosses and green algae?

They think that mosses and green algae shared such a common algalike ancestor millions of years ago.

Is the following sentence true or false? Cellular slime molds spend most of their lives as free-living cells.

True

"Sea lettuce" is a multicellular alga known as?

Ulva

How does water affect the sunlight that passes through it?

Water absorbs much of the light's energy.

Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about sexual reproduction in Chlamydomonas. a. If conditions become unfavorable, cells release gametes. b. Paired gametes form a diploid zygote. c. A zygote quickly grows into an adult organism. d. The gametes are called male and female.

a, b

Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about euglenophytes. a. They are remarkably similar to zooflagellates. b. They possess chloroplasts. c. They have a cell wall. d. They have two flagella.

a, b, d

Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about chrysophytes. a. The cell walls of some contain the carbohydrate pectin. b. They reproduce sexually but not asexually c. They generally store food in the form of oil. d. Some form threadlike colonies.

a, c, d

Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about red algae. a. They can grow in the ocean at depths up to 260 meters. b. Most are unicellular. c. All are red or reddish-brown. d. Coralline algae play an important role in coral reef formation.

a, d

Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about dinoflagellates. a. They generally have one flagellum. b. Many species are luminescent. c. Most reproduce by binary fission.

b, c

What structure does a cellular slime mold colony produce, and what is that structure's function?

A cellular slime mold colony produces a fruiting body. It is a slender reproductive structure that produces spores.

What are phytoplankton?

A population of small, photosynthetic, organisms found near the surface of the ocean.

What produced the Great Potato Famine of 1846?

A protist called Phytophthora infestans destroyed as much as 60 percent of the Irish potato crop.

What is a plasmodium?

A structure with many nuclei and is formed by acellular slime molds.

How do dinoflagellates obtain nutrition?

About half of the dinoflagellates are photosynthetic and the other half is heterotrophic.

Cellular slime molds belong to the phylum ?

Acrasiomycota

Why aren't there bodies of dead animals and plants littering the woods and fields you walk through?

After the body of an animal or plant dies, the tissues of the body are broken down by slime molds, water molds and other decomposers.

Plantlike protists are commonly called?

Algae

What are algal blooms?

Algal blooms are enormous masses of algae that are formed by euglenophytes and other algae due to the amount of excessive waste in the water.

Diatoms are members of the phylum?

Bacillariophyta

Which color of light are phycobilins especially good at absorbing?

Blue

What are seaweeds?

Damp green and brown "plants" that cling to rocks. They have the size and color of plants, but are not plants. They have the reproductive system that is similar to plants and are multicellular.

The unicellular Chlamydomonas reproduces asexually by producing?

Cells called zoospores

Why are red algae able to live at great depths?

Chlorophyll a and c and reddish accessory pigments called phycobilins.

Why does the dim blue light that penetrates deep into the sea contain little energy that chlorophyll a can use?

Chlorophyll a is more efficient at capturing red and violet light.

In the process of photosynthesis, what substances trap the energy of sunlight?

Chlorophyll and accessory pigments

Green algae are members of the phylum?

Chlorphyta

The yellow-green algae and the golden-brown algae are members of the phylum?

Chrysophyta

What are accessory pigments?

Compounds that absorb light at different wavelengths than chlorophyll.

Is sporophyte haploid or diploid?

Diploid

Euglenophytes are members of the phylum?

Euglenophyta

Is the following sentence true or false? Algae include only multicellular organisms.

False

The freshwater alga Spirogyra forms long threadlike colonies called?

Filaments

Stipe

Flattened stemlike structure

Gametophyte

Gamete-producing phase

Bladder

Gas-filled swelling

What is the largest known alga?

Giant kelp

Is gametophyte haploid or diploid?

Haploid

Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about diatoms. a. They are very rare in almost all environments. b. Their cell walls are rich in silicon. c. They are shaped like a petri dish or flat pillbox. d. They are among the most abundant organisms on Earth.

b, c, d