CH23

Which pathophysiologic mechanism occurs in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)? A. Hemoconcentration B. Dilutional hyponatremia C. Massive diuresis D. Hypermetabolism

B. Dilutional hyponatremia

A patient is admitted in DKA. The patient presents with dry, cracked lips and is begging for something to drink. Which reply would be the nurse's best response? A. "We can't give you anything to drink until we get your blood sugar under control." B. "You can have one cup of coffee without sugar." C. "You drink anything you want as long as its sugar free." D. "You can drink as much water has you can handle."

A. "We can't give you anything to drink until we get your blood sugar under control."

A pt is admitted with DKA. The pt's arterial blood gas indicates the patient has an uncompensated metabolic acidosis. The patient has rapid, regular respirations. Which medical intervention would the nurse expect to initiate to correct the acidosis? A. Initiate oxygen therapy via a face mask. B. Administer sodium bicarbonate. C. Administer insulin and fluids intravenously. D. Prepare for intubation.

C. Administer insulin and fluids intravenously.

A patient is admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The nurse knows that the lack of insulin results in which process? A. Decreased glucagon release B. Decreased glycogenolysis C. Decreased ketone production D. Increased gluconeogenesis

D. Increased gluconeogenesis

The neuroendocrine stress response produces which findings? (SATA) A. Elevated blood pressure B. Decreased gastric motility C. Tachycardia D. Heightened pain awareness E. Increased glucose

A. Elevated blood pressure B. Decreased gastric motility C. Tachycardia E. Increased glucose

The nurse is caring for a patient with type 1 diabetes who was admitted with complaints of increased lethargy. Serum lab values validate the diagnosis of DKA. Which medical intervention would the nurse expect to be ordered for this patient? A. Extensive hydration B. Oral hypoglycemic agents C. Large doses of IV insulin D. Limiting food and fluids

A. Extensive hydration

The nurse has admitted a patient with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS). Which medical intervention would the nurse expect to see ordered for this patient? A. Rapid rehydration with intravenous fluids B. Insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter C. Administration of high-dose intravenous insulin D. Hourly monitoring of urine glucose and ketone levels

A. Rapid rehydration with intravenous fluids

A patient is admitted after surgery with a history of hyperthyroidism. The nurse suspects the patient may be developing thyroid storm. Which finding would confirm this suspicion? A. Tachycardia B. Hypotension C. Decreased appetite D. Hypothermia

A. Tachycardia

The nurse is caring for a patient with a head injury who has developed diabetes insipidus (DI). What medication would the nurse expect to be prescribed for the patient? A. Vasopressin B. Insulin C. Glucagon D. Propylthiouracil

A. Vasopressin

A patient has thyroid storm. The nurse is providing medication instruction for home. The patient asks "If I have a fever, should I take Tylenol or aspirin?" Which response would be the most appropriate? A. Either one is fine because they do not affect the antithyroid medication." B. "Tylenol rather than aspirin because aspirin increases the amount of free thyroid hormone in circulation." C. "Aspirin rather than Tylenol because Tylenol increases the amount of free thyroid hormone in circulation." D. "They both prevent the antithyroid medication from working correctly. I would recommend an NSAID."

B. "Tylenol rather than aspirin because aspirin increases the amount of free thyroid hormone in circulation."

A patient has been admitted with DKA. The nurse knows that the top priority in the initial treatment of DKA which intervention? A. Lowering the blood sugar as quickly as possible B. Administering intravenous fluids C. Administering sodium bicarbonate D. Determining the precipitating cause

B. Administering intravenous fluids

The nurse is caring for a patient with type 1 diabetes who was admitted with complaints of increased lethargy. Serum laboratory values validate the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which symptom is most suggestive of DKA? A. Irritability B. Excessive thirst C. Rapid weight gain D. Peripheral edema

B. Excessive thirst

Which pathophysiologic mechanism occurs in the patient with type 2 diabetes? A. Lack of insulin production and excessive glucose intake B. Insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion C. Overproduction of glucose and decreased metabolism D. Increased uptake and decreased release of glucose in the cells

B. Insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion

The nurse has admitted a patient with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS). Which findings would the nurse expect to observe in this patient? A. Hyperglycemia with low serum osmolality B. Severe hyperglycemia with minimal or absent ketosis C. Little or no ketosis in serum with rapidly escalating ketonuria D. Hyperglycemia and ketosis

B. Severe hyperglycemia with minimal or absent ketosis

Which nursing intervention should be initiated on all patients with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)? A. Placing the patient on an air mattress B. Encouraging oral fluids C. Initiating seizure precautions D. Applying soft restraints

C. Initiating seizure precautions

A patient has been admitted after surgery for removal of a brain tumor. The nurse suspects the patient may be developing diabetes insipidus (DI). Which findings would confirm the nurse's suspicion? A. Hyperglycemia and hyperosmolarity B. Hyperglycemia and peripheral edema C. Intense thirst and passage of excessively large quantities of dilute urine D. Peripheral edema and pulmonary crackles

C. Intense thirst and passage of excessively large quantities of dilute urine

The nursing management plan for a patient with thyrotoxicosis would include which intervention? A. Providing diversional stimuli B. Restricting fluids C. Maintaining a quiet, restful environment D. Administering thyroid supplements at the same time each day

C. Maintaining a quiet, restful environment

A pt with a history of type 2 diabetes was admitted after aneurysm repair. The pt serum glucose levels have been elevated for the past 2 days and the pt is concerned about becoming dependent on insulin. Which statement is the nurse's best response to the pt concerns? A. This surgery may have damaged your pancreas. We will have to do more evaluation." B. "Perhaps your diabetes was more serious from the beginning." C. "You will need to discuss this with your physician." D. "The stress on your body has temporarily increased your blood sugar levels."

D. "The stress on your body has temporarily increased your blood sugar levels."

The nurse is caring for a patient with type 1 diabetes who was admitted with complaints of increased lethargy. Serum lab values validate the diagnosis of DKA. Which statement best describes the rationale for administrating potassium supplements with the patient's insulin therapy? A. Potassium replaces losses incurred with diuresis B. The patient has been in a long-term malnourished state. C. IV potassium renders the infused solution isotonic D. Insulin drives the potassium back into the cells.

D. Insulin drives the potassium back into the cells.

A patient is admitted with severe hyperglycemia. The patient is very lethargic and has a "fruity" odor to his breath. The nurse knows the odor on the patient's breath is indicative of which situation? A. Alcohol intoxication B. Lack of sodium bicarbonate C. Hypokalemia D. Presence of acetone

D. Presence of acetone