CH27

Demonstrating again that ever-higher military technology was crucial to the conduct and outcome of World War Two, the greatest tank battle of all time was fought in this conflict at a. Stalingrad. b. Moscow. c. Leningrad. d. Kursk. e. Kiev.

D

For Hitler to achieve his goals, he thought a. he must follow a strict time schedule and order of events. b. he must gain the confidence of the United States. c. careful consideration must be given to the desires of the nationalists. d. his basic plan of racial supremacy and empire over "inferior" peoples was most critical. e. he needed an alliance with France in order to protect his western flank when he invaded Russia.

D

Hitler took Poland in 1939 a. despite interference by the Soviet Union. b. in a long protracted struggle that cost Germany dearly. c. upon Poland's request for a restructured government. d. using Blitzkrieg or "lightening war" tactics and with active support from Joseph Stalin. e. peacefully, with the reluctant acquiescence of Britain and France.

D

Hitler's first act of aggression took place in 1936 when the Germans occupied what area? a. Austria b. Sudetenland c. Bavaria d. Rhineland e. East Tyrol

D

The British policy of appeasement was based on a. Britain's cowardly nature in world politics. b. a general admiration of the Germans and their accomplishments. c. a hatred and distrust of France. d. a belief that it would maintain peace and stability in Europe, avoiding another catastrophic conflict like World War I. e. rivalry between Britain's Conservative and Labour parties.

D

The conference that established the procedures for the "Final Solution" occurred at a. Munich. b. Nuremburg. c. Berlin. d. Wannsee. e. Wittenberg

D

The final human death toll of World War II may have numbered over a. 3.5 million. b. 5 million. c. 23.5 million. d. 60 million. e. 100 million.

D

The naval battle in the Pacific that is considered the turning point of the war and established U.S. Naval supremacy in the area was a. Guadalcanal. b. Coral Sea. c. Siam. d. Midway. e. Dutch Harbor.

D

The official reason for dropping atomic bombs on Japan was a. to punish Japan for Pearl Harbor. b. to test out the new weapon to see how powerful it was. c. a shortage of conventional explosive materials in the United States. d. to save the hundreds of thousands of American lives it was calculated that a U.S.-led invasion of Japan would cost. e. to force the Japanese emperor to give up his claims to divinity and to abdicate.

D

The turning point in the war in Europe was the Battle of a. Normandy. b. Leningrad. c. Rome. d. Stalingrad. e. Berlin.

D

After World War II, the number of "displaced persons" in Europe numbered approximately a. two million b. five million. c. ten million. d. fifteen million. e. thirty million.

E

The ancient "way of the warrior" that was revived during the 1930s was a. samurai. b. kamikaze. c. dual-Shinto. d. zen. e. bushido.

E

The mobilization of the United States for war included all of the following except a. full employment by mid-1943. b. substantial internal migration of the population. c. the racially motivated internment of Japanese-Americans in guarded camps. d. the breakdown of traditional social mores and an increase in prostitution. e. the movement of industrial factors from the coasts to the interior heartland.

E

Allied bombing raids on German civilians a. contrary to expectations, produced stubborn resistance from the German people. b. destroyed the average German's will to fight. c. were only done to retaliate for German bombing. d. occurred mostly by accident when bombing strategic targets. e. never occurred.

A

Between April and June, 1940, Nazi German captured all of the following countries except a. the Soviet Union. b. Norway. c. France. d. Belgium. e. the Netherlands.

A

Chief among the reasons for Japanese expansion in the 1930s were a. an expanding population and severe lack of natural resources on the island nation. b. intense hatreds for the Chinese and Chinese culture. c. desires by ruling military leaders to test their newly developed and newly organized armed forces. d. beliefs among the Japanese that they were a "master race" destined to rule all of Asia. e. fear of Chinese imperial aggression unless the Japanese struck first.

A

Following the Allied evacuation at Dunkirk, France a. soon surrendered and the Vichy government was set up as a German puppet state. b. went on the offensive and bogged Germany down in Normandy. c. benefited when Italian forces assisted Allied defenses, giving France time to regroup. d. benefited when the United States declared war on Germany. e. constitutionally became a temporary part of the British Empire.

A

Hitler settled on acquiring German Lebensraum in the east in Russian territory in part because of his racist belief that a. the Slavs were an "inferior" people now governed by impotent Jews among the Bolsheviks and worthy of enslavement. b. the weakened Aryan "race" could only be rejuvenated and made better through war against the ancient enemies of the Fatherland. c. the Anglo-Saxons were a decadent race and would never come to the aid of eastern Europeans. d. Germany must conquer all of Europe before the great American race dominated the globe. e. there would be no opposition to the German takeover of Russia territory as the inferior Slavs would eagerly welcome their racial superiors.

A

Hitler's "Final Solution" to the Jewish problem called for a. the extermination of all European Jews. b. the forced deportation of the Jews to Madagascar. c. the resettlement of Jews in ghettos, isolated from other Europeans. d. breeding "Jewish genes" out of the Jewish population itself. e. the expulsion of the Jews from Germany and the rest of Central Europe.

A

In pursuing the war against the Axis powers, the Grand Alliance demanded of its opponents a. unconditional surrender. b. the maintenance of diplomatic contacts for the earliest arrangement of an armistice. c. the exchange of promises regarding post-war spheres of influence around the globe. d. careful accounting of all sums spent on armaments so that war reparations from the guilty parties could be more accurately determined once the war was over. e. that reparations would be required, but there would be no concerted efforts at "regime change."

A

The Nazi rule of Europe was most ruthless in a. Eastern Europe because the Slavs were considered racially inferior. b. France due to the long rivalry between France and Germany. c. Norway, Denmark, and the Netherlands due to their close proximity to Germany. d. Italy because the Italians were generally considered to be disloyal. e. Greece and Yugoslavia, because of the strategic nature of the Balkans region.

A

The chief argument between Truman and Stalin at Potsdam in July of 1945 was over a. free elections in eastern Europe. b. the numbers of tanks Americans and Russians could keep in Europe. c. what to do with German prisoners of war. d. whether or not the Soviet Union would be in the United Nations. e. whether the Soviet Union would join the war against Japan.

A

The idea of Lebensraum maintained that a. a nation's power depended on the amount and kind of land it occupied. b. only large populations could maintain a powerful country. c. authority must be dictated from a powerful leader. d. air power was the key to a successful military. e. a pure race was necessary for national survival.

A

The nation that experienced the greatest losses in World War II was a. the Soviet Union. b. Nazi German. c. the United States. d. Great Britain. e. France.

A

The turning point of the North African campaign came a. at El Alamein where the British stopped Rommel in the summer of 1942. b. when South African troops crossed the Sahara and overwhelmed Rommel. c. with the revolt of the Vichy French in North Africa. d. when the Italians joined the Allied cause in 1942. e. when Cairo and the Suez Canal were recaptured by the British and the Americans.

A

A major source of resistance to the Nazis came from a. the German people who became effective at internal sabotage of Nazi plans. b. Communists throughout Europe, especially after the German invasion of Russia in 1941. c. the Vichy regime in France. d. the Austrians who felt that they should be the leaders of the Aryan race in Europe. e. escapees from the internment camps who organized resistance movements against the Germans.

B

An important issue at the Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam conferences was a. to implement a plan to break up Germany into several smaller states. b. the spheres of influence after the war was over. c. whether or not to use the atomic bomb on Germany. d. the timing of when to launch the second front. e. to arrange for the trial of Adolph Hitler, who would be charged with "crimes against humanity."

B

Following the Munich Conference, Hitler soon a. had Germany relinquish its claims to Czechoslovakia. b. took the rest of Czechoslovakia. c. attacked France. d. launched an attach on the Soviet Union. e. invaded Belgium.

B

Hitler's first dramatic acts as head of the German state were a. a failed attack on Hungary and obedience to sanctions imposed by the League. b. withdrawal of Germany from the Geneva Disarmament Conference and from the League of Nations. c. legal action before the World Court in the Hague to revoke key provisions of the Versailles Treaty and bribery of the judges involved. d. fanatical decrees outlawing the marriage of Jews and the internment of Jewish orphans in death camps. e. the murder of President Hindenberg and the shutting down of the autobahn.

B

Hitler's plan for defeating Britain relied on a. the support of Soviet troops in a massive amphibious invasion. b. Germany's Luftwaffe gaining control of the skies. c. V-2 rockets to destroy British industrial power. d. a giant tunnel, the "chunnel", under the English channel. e. the support of Irish fifth-columnists.

B

In order to open up a "second front" in Western Europe, the Allies a. quickly advanced through Italy into France in 1943. b. invaded Normandy in June 1944, carrying out the greatest naval invasion in history. c. landed on the Iberian peninsula and advanced through southern France. d. lured German forces south to Italy and invaded the north German coast. e. secretly landed a large invading force in the Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.

B

In the Pacific theater by 1942, the American technique in combating Japan was known as a. "massive retaliation." b. "island hopping." c. "scorched earth." d. "fight to the last man." e. "blood, tears, toil, and sweat."

B

The only country to use women as combatants in World War II was a. Germany. b. the Soviet Union. c. Japan. d. Britain. e. Italy.

B

When Germany went to war in 1939 a. the populace was euphoric as in 1914. b. the populace was apathetic, and many feared that it would spell disaster for Germany. c. consumer goods were cut in favor of war materials. d. war production was tripled. e. there was an immediate highly organized secret attempt to assassinate Hitler, but unfortunately it failed.

B

World War II was largely made possible by a. Great Britain's aggressive plans on Europe. b. the failure of Britain and France to strongly oppose flagrant German violations of the Versailles treaty. c. Soviet expansionism and interference in Western Europe's affairs. d. the weakness of the League of Nations. e. the rampant militarism of the democracies.

B

After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the main priority for the United States was a. defeating Japan as quickly as possible. b. recovering the Hawaiian Islands. c. defeating Germany first and then turning its great naval war machine against Japan. d. to remain neutral, while buying time to build up industrial and military supplies. e. defending "Fortress America" from the expected combined Japanese and German invasion of the United States.

C

Atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of a. Osaka and Kyoto. b. Kyoto and Tokyo. c. Hiroshima and Nagasaki. d. Osaka and Kobe. e. Nagoya and Yokohama.

C

Besides the Jews, another group singled out by the Nazis for extermination were the a. Poles. b. Ukrainians. c. Gypsies. d. Czechs. e. Belgians.

C

Civilian bombing was done mainly a. to reduce the number of people available to participate in war. b. to exact revenge on the people. c. to break the will of a people to resist. d. by the Germans and was never an Allied strategy. e. to test new weapons.

C

Following the Second World War, Germany was a. divided into two zones of occupation: east and west. b. separated into twenty small security districts policed by the United Nations. c. divided into four zones of occupation under U.S., British, French, and Russian administration. d. dismembered and replaced by three new smaller states determined by the ethnicity of their inhabitants. e. ruled and controlled by a single Allied government entity.

C

Immediately following the fall of Poland a. France and Britain declared war and started an offensive against Germany. b. France and Britain decided to continue to appease Hitler. c. France and Britain declared war, but remained relatively inactive militarily. d. Germany turned on its Russian allies. e. France was invaded by Franco's Spain.

C

In the Allied bombing strategy in Europe, Americans participated a. primarily in the nighttime saturation bombing of civilian populations. b. only when British bomber wings needed reinforcements. c. primarily in daytime, precision bombing of German strategic targets. d. primarily as fighter pilots assigned to guard British bomber wings. e. in bombing only belligerent nations, but never occupied territories.

C

It can be argued that this key decision early in the war by Adolf Hitler made the defeat of Germany inevitable: a. abandoning the Battle of Britain b. dividing France into a zone of German occupation and a French national puppet government at Vichy c. immediately declaring war on the United States after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor d. snubbing British proposals for an armistice in 1941 e. invading Scandinavia.

C

Serious conflict in Asia contributing to the outbreak of World War Two in the Pacific began with Japan's 1937 violent incident with a. the Philippines. b. Korea. c. China. d. Malaysia. e. Kauai.

C

The British politician who was told by a member of his own party that "You have sat too long for any good you have been doing. Depart, I say, and let us have done with you. In the name of God, go!" was a. Winston Churchill. b. Stanley Baldwin. c. Neville Chamberlain. d. Clement Atlee. e. Ramsay MacDonald.

C

The Grand Alliance included all of the following countries except a. Britain. b. the Soviet Union. c. France. d. the United States. e. b and c

C

The Manhattan Project was a. a secret Nazi plot to capture the financial center of the United States. b. the mobilization of America's financial resources in the fight against fascism. c. to develop the atomic bomb. d. an attempt by New York Republicans to defeat Franklin Roosevelt's bid for a third term as president. e. the 1943 World Series conflict between the New York Yankees and the Brooklyn Dodgers.

C

The Munich Conference was a. applauded by Winston Churchill as a "wise and noble agreement." b. formulated with the idea that if Germany wanted the Sudentenland war with the western powers was inevitable. c. criticized by Winston Churchill as a tragic outcome of appeasement. d. a severe setback for Hitler. e. a victory for cautious and considered diplomacy

C

The Nazi Einsatzgruppen were a. corrupt German journalists who worked to fill European newspapers with pro-Nazi propaganda. b. special commando units sent to infiltrate Britain. c. special strike forces used in eastern Europe that proceeded to round up and kill Jewish men, women, and children. d. highly mobile tank forces used to fight against Russian tank armies. e. an internal police force that kept order among Germany's restless population.

C

The Nazi Empire was a. strictly organized into efficient states that paid tribute to Germany. b. never much larger than the size of present-day Germany and Austria. c. never organized systematically or governed efficiently despite German claims to the contrary. d. for the most part composed of independent states that collaborated with Hitler. e. a and d

C