CH.4

Most bacteria are which of the following?

Heterotrophic

obligate intracellular parasites that are extremely small in size

Phylum Chlamydiae

mostly Gram-positive bacteria with a low G+C content

Phylum Firmicutes

Gram-negatives including rickettsias and enterics

Phylum Proteobacteria

Cyanobacteria have made contributions to eukaryotic evolution that include the chloroplasts of __________ and __________

algae plants

The ______ were the first photosynthesizers, responsible for converting the atmospheric from anaerobic to aerobic.

cyanobacteria

The presence of thylakoids, phycocyanin, and gas inclusions would be associated with

cyanobacteria.

Methanogens are organisms that are able to convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen into methane which may be a contributing factor of the "_________ effect" and can contribute to global warming.

greenhouse

Members of Chlamydia are similar to those of Rickettsia in that they require host cells for which of the following

growth metabolism

An important indicator of evolutionary history is the

nitrogen base sequence of rRNA.

Which of the following is a characteristic of green and purple sulfur bacteria?

photosynthetic contain pigments contain bacteriochlorophyll utilize sulfur compounds in their metabolism

A(n) ______ is a culture derived from a single parent that differs in structure or metabolism from other cultures of that species.

strain

________ are the location in photosynthetic microorganisms where pigments are found.

thylakoids

Members of Chlamydia and Rickettsia differ in that Chlamydia do not require which of the following? Ribosomes for protein synthesis Host cells for growth Host cells for metabolism Arthropods for transmission

Arthropods for transmission

Why is it difficult to group bacteria into species?

Bacteria do not use a typical mode of sexual reproduction. Bacteria can alter their genetic makeup. Bacteria can accept genetic material from others.

Classification systems are used to organize bacterial pathogens by the type of disease or infection each causes. T/F

F

Chlamydophila pneumoniae is a common sexually transmitted disease. T/F

F

True or false: Some photosynthetic bacteria produce sulfur granules or sulfates.

T

Cyanobacteria have existed in some form for how many years?

3 billion

Cyanobacteria, Prochlorococcus and Tricholdesium account for how much of global biomass formation?

30-40%

Which of the following describe green and purple sulfur bacteria?

Anaerobic Gram-negative

A microoganism has been described to you as living in hot acidic habitats in the waste piles of coal mines that regularly sustain a pH of 1 and a temperature of nearly 60°C. Which type of organism do you immediately assume it is?

Archaea

Which of the following are methods used to identify bacteria? Bacterial biochemistry Cell morphology Serological analysis Genetic techniques Form of reproduction

Bacterial biochemistry Cell morphology Serological analysis Genetic techniques

If you needed specific information regarding bacterial classification and taxonomy, which one of the following resources should you use?

Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology

Which of the following diseases is not caused by a member of Rickettsia? Endemic typhus Cat Scratch disease Rocky Mountain Spotted fever

Cat Scratch disease

Which groups of bacteria are obligate intracellular parasites? Chlamydia Green and Purple Sulfur bacteria Cyanobacteria Rickettsia

Chlamydia Rickettsia

Which of the following bacteria can cause severe eye infections?

Chlamydia trachomatis

Which of the following is mismatched? Chlamydia trachomatis: blindness Rickettsia rickettsii: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Rickettsia typhi: endemic typhus All of these choices are correct. Coxiella burnetti: cowpox

Coxiella burnetti: cowpox

Which is mismatched? Green sulfur bacteria-photosynthetic anaerobes that use sulfur in metabolism Cyanobacteria-gliding thermophilic bacteriaCorrect Myxobacteria-gliding, fruiting slime bacteria Chlamydias-lack ability to independently complete growth and metabolism

Cyanobacteria-gliding thermophilic bacteria

Where do obligate intracellular parasites live?

Inside a host cell

Which type of organism converts CO2 and H2 into CH4 (methane)?

Methanogens

50% of oxygen production through photosynthesis in the oceans is produced by which bacteria?

Prochlorococcus Trichodesium

Gliding bacteria belong to the Phylum ______

Proteobacteria gram-

Which phylum is mismatched? Proteobacteria-archaea cell walls Thermotogae-thermophilic halophiles Actinobacteria-waxy acid-fast cell walls Firmicutes-gram-positive cell walls

Proteobacteria-archaea cell walls

Which of the following diseases are caused by members of Rickettsia? Multiple select question. Rocky Mountain Spotted fever Scarlet fever Endemic Typhus Lyme disease West Nile encephalitis

Rocky Mountain Spotted fever Endemic Typhus

Extreme halophiles are inhabitants of which of the following environments?

Salt mines Inland seas Salt lakes

Bacterial types can differ from other types in the same species in which of the following ways? Number of chromosomes Susceptibility to bacterial viruses Cell wall makeup Pathogenicity Antigenic makeup

Susceptibility to bacterial viruses Pathogenicity Antigenic makeup

Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls. T/F

T

All of the following terms describe environmental adaptations found among the members of the domain Archaea, except acidophilic. psychrophilic. halophilic. barophilic. There are no exceptions here. Each of these adaptations is seen among different members of the domain Archaea. thermophilic.

There are no exceptions here. Each of these adaptations is seen among different members of the domain Archaea.

Green and purple sulfur bacteria differ from the cyanobacteria in having a different type of chlorophyll called _______

bacteriochlorophyll

The two groups of obligate intracellular bacteria are the __________, usually spread by contact, and the __________, usually transmitted by the bites of arthropods.

chlamydias; rickettsias

If microbiologists only used the Gram stain and shape to identify bacteria, we could not assign bacteria to a more specific level than which of the following?

class

Organisms such as the Archaea, are termed __________ because they are capable of living in very harsh environments.

extremophiles

_______ vesicles in cyanobacteria keep the cells suspended in the water column to facilitate photosynthesis.

gas

Which of the following has historically been the first division in a system of bacterial taxonomy?

gram-positive versus gram-negative cells

A newly described unicellular organism was isolated from a salt mine. This organism has no membranous organelles and its cell wall lacks peptidoglycan. Attempts to culture it in a medium with less than 25% salt were unsuccessful, but it was able to grow well on 25% salt supplemented agar. This organism would best be described as a ______________ and is most likely in the domain ___________.

halophile; Archaea.

A type of extremophile, ______ are able to flourish at high temperatures such as those found in thermal heat vents and volcanic waters.

hyperthermophiles

Bacterial species are defined in a fundamentally different way than mammalian species are. This is because

mammals reproduce sexually while bacteria reproduce asexually.

A(n) _____ _______ parasite requires a host cell in order to survive.

obligate intracellular

Of the photosynthetic bacteria, cyanobacteria produce __________ as a product of photosynthesis, but the green and purple sulfur bacteria do not produce this substance.

oxygen

Products of bacterial photosynthesis include which of the following?

oxygen sulfates

Chlorophyll b and the bluish pigment _________ are the primary photosynthetic pigments of cyanobacteria and are located in the _________

phycocyanin thylakoids

The first edition of Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology used a phenetic method of classification, the second edition uses a _____________ system.

phylogenetic

slender, twisted cells that move by means of periplasmic flagella

phylum spriochetes

Classification and taxonomy provide information and contribute to each of the following endeavors, except enabling communication among scientists regarding the same and different species of microbes. the study of evolutionary relationships. tracing the origins of bacteria. identification of unknown species. selection of appropriate antibiotics.

selection of appropriate antibiotics.

A "strain" is a subgroup of which of the following?

species

A bacterial _____ is defined as a collection of cells that share a pattern of overall similarity in traits.

species

The __________ level of bacterial organisms refers to a group of organisms that all share the same traits while the subspecies level refers to the variation or differences of individual cells within that group.

species