ch.4 the spread of Islam

a. Abu Bakr b. Mehmed II c. Suleyman I

Abu Bakr (uh-boo-BAK-uhr), one of Muhammad's first converts, to be the next leader of Islam. Mehmed II was the Ottoman sultan, he was defeated the Byzantine Empire in 1453.Suleyman I was an Ottoman ruler he governed the empire at its height.

Which continents did trade routes reach?

Africa,Asia,and Europe.

What are some of the places from which Muslims begin their journey to Mecca?

Africa,Europe,and the Americas.

How did Akbar's religious policy in the mid-1500s differ from the religious policy of a different emperor in the late 1600s?

Akbar got rid of the tax on non-Muslims and invited Hindus to be part of the Mughal government.But in the 1600s they ordered people to obey strict religious laws and destroyed Hindu temples throughout India.

When did he live?

Al-Idrisi lived during the mid-1100s.

How did trade help spread Islam?

Arabia's crossroads location gave Muslim merchants easy access to South Asia, Europe, and Africa.

What did patrons do for art and architecture in the Muslim world?

As the Muslim world grew richer, rulers became great sponsors of architecture.

What were two important cities in the Islamic world?

Baghdad and Córdoba.

What was Baghdad like in the early 800s? What was Córdoba like in the early 900s?

Baghdad was one of the world's richest cities and Córdoba was the largest and most advanced cities in Europe.

How did trade affect the Arab world?

Because some people need the stuff other people had and so they had to trade stuff in order to get it.

How was Safavid culture part of the empire's economy?

Because they built a lot of stuff such as mosques and other things related to their culture.

What region was at the heart, or center, of the Ottoman Empire?

Constantinople(Istanbul).

How did life in Córdoba show a mix of cultures?

Córdoba was also a center of Jewish culture

What happened to Saladin's army? Why do you think the writer calls the battle a Muslim victory?

He agreed to a truce at the enemy's request because they didn't give up without a fight.

Why did he do what he did?

He did that because he was writing a geography book and he wanted it to be very accurate.

How did he accomplish his task?

He sent trained geographers to figure out its exact location.

What is he famous for doing?

He was famous for making important geographic discoveries.

growth of the Ottoman Empire

How big was the growth of the Ottoman Empire.

Do you agree or disagree with this statement: "Muslim leaders were tolerant of those they conquered." Defend your answer.

I dissagree with that statement because some of the people got angry because they were conquered and I think the muslim leaders got tired of those people.

Do you think tolerance is a good or bad policy for governing people? Why?

I think it was a good policy becausethe caliphs did a good job governing people that way.

Of all the accomplishments of Muslim scholars and artists, which do you think would have the most lasting impact on people around the world?

I think it was math because you use that no matter where your at.

In your opinion, what was the most important Muslim scientific achievement? Why?

I think the development of Sufism was the most important Muslim scientific achievement because it was a major part of their religion.

Who traveled to India, Africa, China, and Spain and contributed his knowledge to the study of geography?

Ibn Battutah traveled to Africa, India, China, and Spain in the 1320s.

What were the major contributions of Ibn Battutah and Omar Khayyám?

Ibn Battutah was a traveler and writer,Omar Khayyám was a Sufi poet, mathematician, and astonomer.

Muslim achievements in math

In your opinion what was the Muslim greatest achievements in math.

Why do you think the decoration of the Blue Mosque is so elaborate?

It was built in the early 1600s for an Ottoman sultan and it was almost as great as the mosque in Mecca.

How do the Great Mosque and al-Idrisi's map suggest that Córdoba was a center of culture and learning?

It was one of the richest and most educated cities in Europe.subjects such as mathematics, medicine, astronomy, geography, and history could be studied throughout Europe.

Who were Mehmed II, Suleyman I, ′Abbas, and Akbar?

Leaders of Islam

What two architectural elements were usually part of a mosque?

Many mosques have a domes and a minarets.

Why is Mecca the holiest city in Islam?

Mecca is the place where Muhammad lived and taught more than 1,300 years ago.

What were three places Islam spread to through trade?

Medina, Mecca, and Damascus.

How did Muslim scholars help preserve learning from the ancient world?

Muslim scholars also made advances in mathematics.

What cultures blended in the Mughal Empire to create a distinct culture?

Muslims and Hindus ; Persians and Indians.

What helped unify the many groups that became part of the Islamic world?

Muslims conquered lands, they made treaties with any non-Muslims there.

Did Muslim tolerance encourage or limit the spread of Islam?

No, because it said Cultural blending changed Islam from a mostly Arab religion into a religion of many different cultures.

Who was Abu Bakr, and what did he do?

One of Muhammad's first converts was also to be the next leader of Islam he was the first caliph.

Which two groups advanced into Safavid territory?

Ottoman and Uzbek empires.

How did a religious division affect the Safavid Empire?

Over time religious differences developed between the two groups as well.

About how far did Muslim rule spread in the 120 years after Muhammad's death?

Persia,Spain,Syria,Egypt,part of Asia,and a part of Africa. They spread about 40,000 miles.

Who were the Janissaries?

Slave soldiers that converted to Islam and became fierce fighters.

To what regions, and in what general order, had Islam spread by 750?

Spain,part of Africa,and a little bit of Asia.

a. Shia b. Sufism a. Sunni

Sufism because the others are talking about the sides.

What parts of Ibn Battutah's description would be useful to a mapmaker?

That he said their was no more water left so the mapmaker would tell the people to bring a lot of extra water.

What role did armies play in spreading Islam?

The Berbers slowed the growth of Muslim rule in North Africa many Berbers converted to Islam.

Where was the Mughal Empire located?

The Mughal Empire was located in India.

In your opinion, what was the most important advance in science and learning in the Muslim world?

The Muslim mathematician al-Khwarizmi then used these new ideas to write a math textbook on what he called al-jabr, or "algebra."

Which of the three empires seems to have been the most successful? On what do you base your answer?

The Ottoman or the Safavid empires because to me they developed the most technology.

How did the Ottomans gain land for their empire?

The Ottomans took control of the eastern Mediterranean and pushed farther into Europe.

What large plateau is located in the heart of the Safavid Empire?

The Plateau of Iran.

When did the Safavid Empire begin?

The Safavid Empire began in 1501.

In what region was the Mughal Empire located?

The region that the Mughal Empire was located is India.

What function do minarets play in mosques?

They are narrow towers from which Muslims are called to prayer.

How did Muslim artists create art without showing humans or animals?

They changed decorative writing into an art form.

How did Muslim scholars contribute to science and technology?

They discovered many new things

How did the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires compare in terms of location and size?

They were about the same size but I think the Mughal Empire was the biggest.

What did Baghdad and Córdoba have in common?

They were both major cities in muslim empire.

In what ways was the Ottoman society tolerant and in what ways was it not?

They were part of the ruling class who practiced Islam, understood Ottoman customs and were loyal to the sultan. The other people, Jews or Christians from conquered lands, formed their communities called Millets under Ottoman rule

What is the connection between Islamic belief and calligraphy?

They were simalar because they both didn't use animals or people.

How might people have reacted to Esma'il's decision to make the Safavid Empire Shia?

This act worried Esma'il's advisors because most people in the empire were Sunnis.

Who is this passage about?

This passage was about al-Idrisi.

a. tolerance b. Janissaries c. Akbar

Tolerance was accceptance.Janissaries was slave soldiers. Akbar was one of Muhammads first converts.

How did trade affect the spread of Islam?

Trade brought new products to Muslim lands and made many people rich.

What are two ways in which the Safavid and Ottoman empires were different?

Unlike the Ottomans,the Safavids defeated the Uzbeks and took back land that had been lost to the Ottomans.

How can knowing this information help you understand the past?

We learned how they got their imformation in the mid-1100s.

Suleyman the Magnificent

Who was Suleyman the Magnificent.

culture and learning in Baghdad

Why did they have culture and learning in Baghdad.

History records this battle as a European victory. Plus, this account is part of a larger statement written in praise of Saladin. Does this additional context change your understanding and answer to the first question? Explain how or why not.

Yes, because it cant be both their victories(unless they tie).

What is a caliph?

a title that Muslims use for the highest leader of Islam.

a. caliph b. sultan c. harem

harem does not relate to the others because caliph and sultan are leaders