CH9 extras

What items do you need for a PCR reaction?

DNA template primers DNA nucleotides thermostable DNA polymerase

Why would a recombinant DNA molecule be inserted into a host cell?

It can be copied, transcribed, and translated into a desired protein.

In general, how might recombinant DNA technology be used to prevent a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene?

To insert a desirable gene, remove an undesirable gene, or replace a defective gene with a functioning gene

What is the purpose of primers in PCR?

To provide a structure from which DNA can be synthesized

_______&_______can be used as vectors

Plasmids/viruses

What is multiplying DNA in vitro also known as?

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Which of the following best describes how recombinant DNA technology currently helps patients who do NOT produce adequate amounts of growth hormone (hGH)—a condition that otherwise leads to stunted growth?

-Bacteria now produce hGH -hGH was inserted into bacteria -These bacteria now produce hGH protein that is harvested and purified by pharmaceutical companies. -This represents a safe and (relatively) inexpensive source of hGH that has helped thousands of patients

Why is a vector used in genetic modification procedures?

-Cells usually won't copy an isolated gene sequence -necessary vehicles for inserting genes of interest into bacteria

Why is PCR a valuable technique?

-PCR creates large amounts of DNA from minute source quantities. -PCR amplifies specific DNA sequences from minute starting concentrations

Each cycle for PCR doubles the amount of_______synthesized

DNA

What attaches the target gene to a desired location?

DNA ligase

How do restriction enzymes cut DNA sequences?

They cut DNA at sites, called recognition sites, that have specific nucleotide sequences.

After the 94∘C step, why must the thermocycler reduce the temperature to 55∘C?

To allow primers to bind to the DNA template strands