Chap 11 Quizzes A

Summer watches as a student stumbles and drops her books in the hall. If she demonstrates the fundamental attribution error, how would Summer explain the student's behavior?

"She is a clumsy person."

Rhonda has just learned that her neighbor Patricia was involved in an automobile accident at a nearby intersection. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error may lead Rhonda to conclude that:

Patricia's recklessness has finally gotten her into trouble.

Laxmi is a mother. The responsibilities and expectations associated with this position constitute a social:

Role

Dr. Perez is conducting research about how people form impressions of others and how they interpret one another's behavior in a variety of situations. Dr. Perez is probably a(n) _____ psychologist.

Social

Dr. Scholz is reading an article describing research in which investigators examined how the presence of other people influenced participants' performance on a variety of tasks. Dr. Scholz is MOST likely reading the Journal of Research in _____ Psychology.

Social

An advertising agency is developing advertisements to promote a political candidate. One ad is a radio spot airing during "drive time," when listeners are stressed, distracted, and impatient. Another advertisement is a print ad to appear in national newspapers and business magazines. With respect to persuasion, how do these different types of ads relate to the central and peripheral routes?

The radio spot will rely on the peripheral route, while the print ad will rely on the central route.

This person proposed cognitive dissonance theory

Festinger

An ad agency creates two ads for a particular car. One stresses the car's safety and gas mileage; the other simply shows how fun it is to drive. The first ad relies on _____ route persuasion; the second, on ____ route persuasion.

central; peripheral

During a test, Jack impulsively copied several answers from a nearby student's paper. He felt very uncomfortable about having done this until he convinced himself that copying answers is not wrong if classmates are careless enough to expose their test sheets. The theory that explains Jack's behavior is _____ theory.

cognitive dissonance

Janelle yells at Jason for being 10 minutes late for lunch. Rather than believe that Janelle is a rude jerk, Jason decides that she may be having difficulties with her partner. Jason's explanation of Janelle's behavior:

does not reflect the fundamental attribution error because it is based Janelle's situation.

Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in particular ways to objects, people, and events are called _____.

attitudes

Festinger is to Zimbardo as _____ is to role playing.

cognitive dissonance

One makes an attribution when one:

decides what is causing an individual's behavior.

Celebrity endorsements represent one way to influence an audience via _____ route persuasion.

peripheral

Lindsay is writing an essay supporting the notion that our attitudes are based on our behavior. One topic Lindsay might NOT discuss in the essay is:

peripheral route persuasion.

Early one Halloween evening, Bart's friends asked him to join them in smashing their neighbors' decorative pumpkins. He complied. Later, he was surprised by his own failure to resist them when they asked him to throw eggs at passing police cars. Bart's experience BEST illustrates the:

foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

You would probably be LEAST likely to commit the fundamental attribution error in explaining why:

you failed a college exam.

Christine thinks her job's strict lateness policy is an indication of her boss's overly controlling personality, rather than a necessity dictated by the company's high sales goal (her boss has to report how many shoes were sold each day to the corporate headquarters). Her judgment BEST illustrates the _____ error.

fundamental attribution

Blanche is extremely interested in politics and believes an upcoming election is very important to the future. Blanche would most likely be persuaded by a campaign message relying on _____ route persuasion.

Central

Dr. Guthrie explores why the same person may act differently in different situations. Dr. Greenwald investigates why different people act differently in the same situation. Which statement is MOST likely true?

Dr. Guthrie is a social psychologist, whereas Dr. Greenwald is a personality psychologist.

Juan was shopping for a new watch and the salesperson was pressuring him to spend money far above his financial limit. Juan attributed the behavior to the salesperson having a pushy personality. Juan's explanation of the salesperson's behavior:

reflects the fundamental attribution error because it is based on the salesperson's personality.

It is an election year, and a volunteer asks if you would put a small, 1-foot sign in your yard. You agree. The next week, your wife can't believe you agreed to let the volunteer put a new, 3-foot sign on the front lawn. This technique is known as:

the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

You are trying to convince your parents to send you to Europe. First, you ask them for a small favor (a bus ticket to a local city), hoping that later they will be more willing to send you on the longer trip. This technique is known as:

the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

A job applicant is 5 minutes late for an interview. The interviewer assumes that the applicant is unconscientious and fails to consider that she may have had difficulty finding a parking spot. The interviewer is demonstrating:

the fundamental attribution error.

Amber stops for a cup of coffee and the server yells at her when she sits at a table that has not been cleared. Amber is convinced that the server should find another line of work—one in which her angry personality traits will not interfere with her job. However, she disregards the possibility that the restaurant is short of help that day. Amber has just fallen prey to:

the fundamental attribution error.

Marilyn thinks a strict class-attendance policy is an indication of her professor's overly controlling personality, rather than a necessity dictated by the limited number of class sessions in a course that meets only once each week. Her judgment BEST illustrates:

the fundamental attribution error.

Rhys submits a major report to his boss ahead of the deadline. His boss assumes that Rhys is conscientious, rather than that he simply had more time than usual to devote to the assignment. This example illustrates:

the fundamental attribution error.

Tim's new roommate Jaxon leaves dirty laundry all over his room, and Tim assumes he must be a slob. Tim ignores the fact that Jaxon is currently studying for finals and working 30 hours per week. Tim is demonstrating:

the fundamental attribution error.

While eating at a café, Janet sees a server's serving tray tilt, and the food and beverages spill onto four people. "What a careless, clumsy idiot," Janet mumbles to herself as she resumes eating. Janet has just committed:

the fundamental attribution error.

Yung is driving to campus one day when another car cuts him off and speeds ahead. Immediately, he yells out "Crazy driver!" not realizing that the person may be rushing to get to the hospital. Yung's judgment BEST illustrates:

the fundamental attribution error.

Which statement reflects the fundamental attribution error?

Eryn cheated on the exam because she's dishonest.

A student fails to speak or raise his hand in class all semester. The teacher assumes that the student is exceptionally shy. The teacher is illustrating the:

Fundament attribution error

As David approaches the counter at the Department of Motor Vehicles, the clerk yells at David for having waited in the wrong line. David is convinced that the clerk should find another line of work-one in which his angry personality traits will not interfere with his job. However, David disregards the possibility that the Department is short of help that day. David has just fallen prey to the _____ error.

Fundamental Attribution

In an experiment by David Napolitan and George Goethals, a young woman acted either aloof and critical to one group of students or warm and friendly to the other. Some of them in each group were told that she would be acting spontaneously, and some were told the truth—that she was merely acting aloof or friendly. What effect did knowing the truth, or not knowing the truth, have on the students' opinion of the woman?

Knowing the truth beforehand did not have any effect on how the students perceived her, either negatively or positively.

Marci suggests that the aggressiveness of her sister's new friend is the result of the friend's abuse during childhood. Marci's inference about the cause of the girl's behavior is an example of:

an attribution.

We tend to feel discomfort when our thoughts are inconsistent with our actions and then act to reduce that discomfort. This is known as the _____ theory.

cognitive dissonance

During a test, Abe impulsively copied several answers from a nearby student's paper. He felt very uncomfortable about having done this until he convinced himself that copying answers is not wrong if classmates are careless enough to expose their test sheets. Which theory BEST explains why Abe adopted this new attitude?

cognitive dissonance theory

You have very strong opinions about the tuition increase at your university. However, once you are the student representative for the college board, you develop a more favorable attitude about the tuition increase. Which theory BEST explains why?

cognitive dissonance theory