Chap 13 Development through the Lifespan, 7e
According to the "random events" theory of biological aging, __________. A) DNA in body cells is gradually damaged through mutations B) as time goes on, the human body wears out from repeated use C) "aging genes" control the deterioration of body cells D) environmental factors have little impact on human aging
A) DNA in body cells is gradually damaged through mutations
Yuri is a musician, Inez is an artist, and Danielle is a scientist. Which statement is probably true? A) Danielle's creativity will peak later than that of the other two. B) Inez's creativity will be the last to peak. C) Yuri will be the last to show a rise in creativity. D) Creativity will diminish equally among all three of them.
A) Danielle's creativity will peak later than that of the other two.
Which statement about the relationships among income, education, occupational status, and health in the United States is true? A) Income, education, and occupational status show strong, continuous relationships with almost every disease and health indicator over the lifespan. B) Improving socioeconomic conditions would do little to close ethnic gaps in health because there is no evidence that SES accounts for the white health advantage. C) Variations in health and mortality due to SES are smaller in the United States than in other industrialized nations because poor U.S. families are financially better off. D) In the United States, SES groups experience smaller inequalities in environmental factors that affect health, such as housing, pollution, and education.
A) Income, education, and occupational status show strong, continuous relationships with almost every disease and health indicator over the lifespan.
Which statement about rape prevention and treatment is true? A) Practically no services are available for victimized men, who are often too embarrassed to come forward. B) The trauma induced by rape is typically so personal that group therapy is an ineffective intervention. C) Because sexual coercion is a violent crime, it has little to do with gender inequality or stereotyping. D) Safety planning interventions are not needed if the abuser is no longer present in the victim's life.
A) Practically no services are available for victimized men, who are often too embarrassed to come forward.
__________ may heighten the effects of a high-fat diet. A) Sex hormones B) Over-the-counter medications C) Free radicals D) Low body weight
A) Sex hormones
Which statement about men who choose nontraditional careers is true? A) They tend to report a high level of private comfort with their career choice. B) They are less likely than their female co-workers to move into supervisory positions. C) Their co-workers often assume that they are less knowledgeable than they actually are. D) They are less likely than female co-workers to be offered choice job placements.
A) They tend to report a high level of private comfort with their career choice.
__________ is one-third greater in both younger and older active sports participants than in healthy, inactive agemates. A) Vital capacity B) Muscle loss C) Decrease in the speed of muscle contractions D) Conversion of slow-twitch into fast-twitch muscle fibers
A) Vital capacity
Regena, age 50, is likely to have __________ than 25-year-old Owen. A) a smaller thymus B) softer artery walls C) more fast-twitch muscle fibers D) thicker cartilage in the joints
A) a smaller thymus
Sexual partners, whether dating, cohabiting, or married, tend to be similar in __________. A) age, education, and ethnicity B) age and education, but not in ethnicity C) ethnicity and education, but not in age D) age and ethnicity, but not in education
A) age, education, and ethnicity
Carly, age 24, has a 22 percent increase over average body weight, based on her age, sex, and physical build. Carly is __________. A) an obese adult B) overweight, but not obese C) probably suffering from a metabolic disorder D) heavyset, but not overweight
A) an obese adult
Age-related declines in hearing __________. A) are more than twice as rapid for men as for women B) begin at low frequencies and gradually extend higher C) are slightly more rapid for women than for men D) begin after age 50 for most men and women
A) are more than twice as rapid for men as for women
From the freshman to the senior year of college, most students __________. A) become better at reflecting on the quality of their thinking B) lose their concern for human welfare and enthusiasm for political activism C) show a decreased tolerance for racial and ethnic diversity D) become experts in a field and develop master-level creativity
A) become better at reflecting on the quality of their thinking
Telomere shortening predicts __________. A) earlier death B) slower disease progression C) slower biological aging D) gains in telomerase activity
A) earlier death
Almeda's skin has lost some flexibility and the lens of her left eye is beginning to cloud. She is concerned that the normally separate protein fibers that make up her body's connective tissue are forming bonds with one another. You can tell Almeda that she can reduce cross-linking by __________. A) eating a healthy diet B) decreasing her heart rate C) increasing her body fat D) moving less often
A) eating a healthy diet
Bryson and his co-workers are developing a new sales strategy. When Bryson's conclusions differ radically from the rest of the team, he considers the justifiability of his conclusions and revises them slightly. Bryson is engaged in __________. A) epistemic cognition B) dualistic thinking C) relativistic thinking D) commitment within relativistic thinking
A) epistemic cognition
In the United States, one in every __________ individuals is likely to contract a sexually transmitted infection at some point in life. A) four B) eight C) ten D) twenty
A) four
The __________ theory of aging receives some support from kinship studies indicating that longevity is a family trait. A) genetically programmed B) wear-and-tear C) random events D) cross-linkage
A) genetically programmed
The more discrimination overweight people report, the __________. A) greater their chances of becoming obese B) greater their chances of successful dieting C) smaller the likelihood that unhealthy eating will worsen D) smaller the likelihood that they will suffer from anxiety
A) greater their chances of becoming obese
The earlier young people start smoking, the __________. A) greater their daily cigarette use B) greater the likelihood of quitting before age 30 C) smaller their chances of heart attack and stroke D) smaller the exposure to toxins
A) greater their daily cigarette use
Colleges that __________ have a higher percentage of dropouts. A) have less selective admissions requirements B) offer support services for high-risk students C) generously fund student services D) place students in developmental courses
A) have less selective admissions requirements
Shanika enjoys working with ideas; Madison is emotional and has a high need for individual expression. According to Holland's six personality types, Shanika is __________ and Madison is __________. A) investigative; artistic B) realistic; conventional C) enterprising; investigative D) conventional; social
A) investigative; artistic
Andre is an overweight adult. Compared with his normal-weight agemates, Andre is __________. A) less likely to receive financial aid for college B) less likely to report mistreatment by peers C) more likely to find a mate D) more likely to be offered a job
A) less likely to receive financial aid for college
Male victims of sexual coercion __________. A) often face unsympathetic and blaming social attitudes B) are more likely than female victims to report these crimes C) are more likely to report male than female perpetrators D) often say that perpetrators encouraged them to be sober
A) often face unsympathetic and blaming social attitudes
When adults of any age are asked how many sexual partners they have had in the past year, the usual reply is __________. A) one B) two C) four D) five
A) one
Young people's vocational aspirations correlate strongly with their __________. A) parents' jobs B) childhood dreams C) ethnic identity D) friends' aspirations
A) parents' jobs
Physical activity __________. A) reduces anxiety and depression B) improves mood, but decreases alertness C) decreases mood, alertness, and energy D) decreases neural activity in the cerebral cortex
A) reduces anxiety and depression
In his third year of college, Omar comes to the realization that his own beliefs are often subjective. He is aware that his roommate, who holds vastly different beliefs from his own, has his own "truth." Omar is engaged in __________. A) relativistic thinking B) dualistic thinking C) pragmatic thought D) commitment within relativistic thinking
A) relativistic thinking
Star would like to improve her nutrition and reduce her risk of disease. One suggestion that you could make to Star is to __________. A) replace saturated fat with unsaturated fat B) eat fewer complex carbohydrates C) engage in less resistance exercise D) consume less unhealthy, unsaturated fats
A) replace saturated fat with unsaturated fat
According to Holland, the enterprising person is drawn to __________. A) sales or politics B) engineering or physics C) accounting or banking D) counseling or teaching
A) sales or politics
The average number of calories and amount of sugar and fat consumed by Americans __________. A) sharply increased after 1970 B) is lower today than it was in 1980 C) has slowly decreased since the turn of the twenty-first century D) fell steadily in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries
A) sharply increased after 1970
The strongest evidence for __________ comes from research showing that human cells allowed to divide in the laboratory have a lifespan of 50 divisions, plus or minus 10. A) the existence of "aging genes" B) the "random events" theory of aging C) the cross-linkage theory of aging D) behavioral modification of aging
A) the existence of "aging genes"
Alcohol and drug use peaks among U.S. __________ and then declines steadily with age. A) 14- to 18-year-olds B) 19- to 25-year-olds C) 26- to 30-year-olds D) 31- to 35-year-olds
B) 19- to 25-year-olds
Eight-year-old Marci is involved in community theater. She fantasizes about starring in a Broadway musical. Marci's desire to be an actress __________. A) will probably bear little relation to the vocational decisions that she will eventually make B) will probably be actualized because she has already committed to a career at such a young age C) is atypical of most young children, who base their preferences on what jobs their parents have D) is unrealistic because so few actresses are able to secure roles in Broadway musicals
A) will probably bear little relation to the vocational decisions that she will eventually make
What was discovered when the mean ages for best performance of Olympic and professional athletes in a variety of sports were charted over time? A) Ages of best performance improved over time. B) Absolute performance in most events improved over time. C) Tasks that required speed of limb movement peaked in the early thirties. D) Tasks that depended on endurance typically peaked in the early twenties.
B) Absolute performance in most events improved over time.
__________ secrete antibodies into the bloodstream that multiply, capture foreign substances, and permit the blood system to destroy them. A) T cells B) B cells C) Telomeres D) Antigens
B) B cells
Southern University is revising its sexual coercion prevention and treatment program. Which action step is the most likely to be effective? A) Make treatment for both male and female student perpetrators optional. B) Broaden definitions of rape and sexual coercion to be gender-neutral. C) Increase public awareness that women rarely commit sexually aggressive acts. D) Include safety planning for the survivor only when the perpetrator is still present.
B) Broaden definitions of rape and sexual coercion to be gender-neutral.
__________ is the single most important preventable cause of death in industrialized nations. A) Alcoholism B) Cigarette smoking C) Drug use D) Obesity
B) Cigarette smoking
About 60 percent of __________ youths participate in successful work‒study apprenticeships instead of attending college-preparatory high schools. A) French B) German C) Japanese D) Chinese
B) German
Yao is 45 years old. How has the maximum vital capacity of his lungs changed from when he was 25? A) It has decreased by about 10 percent. B) It has decreased by about 20 percent. C) It has remained constant. D) It has increased by about 10 percent.
B) It has decreased by about 20 percent.
__________ adults are better than __________ adults at coping with stress. A) Young; middle-aged B) Middle-aged; young C) Lower-SES; higher-SES D) Young; older
B) Middle-aged; young
Which statement is true about sexually transmitted infections? A) Men are at a greater risk than women for long-term health consequences from STIs. B) The incidence of HIV-positive adults is higher in the United States than in other industrialized nations. C) HIV/AIDS remains a serious risk, with heterosexual men bearing the greatest burden for the disease. D) The annual number of U.S. new HIV infections—about 50,000—has risen sharply since the late 1990s.
B) The incidence of HIV-positive adults is higher in the United States than in other industrialized nations.
Virgil, Pearl, Sherise, and Alonso recently joined Alcoholics Anonymous. Which statement is probably true? A) All of them will be likely to break their addictions. B) Two of them will relapse within a few months. C) Three of them will break their addiction to alcohol. D) Only one of them will relapse within the next year.
B) Two of them will relapse within a few months.
Which statement about sexual coercion is true? A) Men who commit rape and sexual coercion often approve of violence, but rarely accept rape myths. B) When men are taught to be dominant, competitive, and aggressive, the themes of rape are reinforced. C) Exposure to sexually aggressive pornography and other media images is not associated with sexual coercion. D) Rape is more likely to occur in relationships where other forms of aggression are not tolerated.
B) When men are taught to be dominant, competitive, and aggressive, the themes of rape are reinforced.
As the lens of the eye stiffens and thickens with age, __________. A) ability to see objects far away declines B) ability to focus on close objects declines C) color discrimination improves slightly D) more light reaches the retina
B) ability to focus on close objects declines
According to the "random events" view, as spontaneous or externally caused mutations accumulate, __________. A) cell repair becomes more efficient B) abnormal cancerous cells are often produced C) cell replacement becomes more efficient D) telomeres lengthen, protecting the aging cell
B) abnormal cancerous cells are often produced
People who identify themselves as gay, lesbian, or bisexual tend to __________. A) live in small communities B) be well-educated C) live in rural areas D) drop out of college
B) be well-educated
Telomerase __________. A) causes cells to become senescent B) can lengthen telomeres C) hastens telomere shortening D) activity can age cells
B) can lengthen telomeres
With the birth of Olga's first child, she felt more fulfilled than ever before. However, she also acknowledged feelings of concern and fear over being able to meet all of her parental responsibilities while maintaining personal happiness and satisfaction. Olga's feelings reflect __________. A) relativistic thinking B) cognitive-affective complexity C) dualistic thinking D) pragmatic thinking
B) cognitive-affective complexity
To study the impact of biological aging on motor skills, researchers focus on __________. A) sedentary adults B) competitive athletes C) men in their mid- to late thirties D) women in their childbearing years
B) competitive athletes
Xavier believes everything his college professor says because she is in a respected position. He thinks that knowledge is certain and that the professor has that knowledge. Xavier is engaged in __________. A) pragmatic thought B) dualistic thinking C) relativistic thinking D) commitment within relativistic thinking
B) dualistic thinking
In some species, __________ is/are associated with longer life. A) telomere shortening B) elevated free-radical activity C) the absence of telomerase D) cross-linked protein fibers
B) elevated free-radical activity
Saturated fat __________. A) is found in corn, soybean, and safflower oils B) generally comes from meat and dairy products C) is linked to reduced cardiovascular disease mortality D) should make up 30 percent of total caloric intake
B) generally comes from meat and dairy products
Clifton has developed master-level creativity. This means that Clifton probably __________. A) is able to dismiss information that appears irrelevant at first glance B) has the capacity to think intuitively with a reduced filter C) is open to new experiences and intolerant of ambiguity D) is driven to succeed and unwilling to try again after failure
B) has the capacity to think intuitively with a reduced filter
Compared with __________ individuals, __________ adults show a stronger cardiovascular response to stress. A) low-SES; middle-income B) higher-SES; low-SES C) lower-SES; high-SES D) middle-income; high-SES
B) higher-SES; low-SES
From 1970 to 2014, the birthrate __________. A) increased for women 20 to 24 years of age B) increased sixfold for women in their thirties C) decreased for women in their early forties D) decreased for women 25 years of age and older
B) increased sixfold for women in their thirties
Since the 1970s, __________. A) the time U.S. college students spend socializing has declined by half B) institutions redefined college students as consumers C) grade inflation at U.S. colleges decreased dramatically D) academic demands and the time U.S. college students spend studying increased
B) institutions redefined college students as consumers
The best-known complication of chronic alcohol use is __________. A) anxiety B) liver disease C) brain damage D) cardiovascular disease
B) liver disease
According to the cross-linkage theory of aging, bonds between protein fibers in connective tissue can lead to __________. A) tightening of the skin and strengthening of the kidneys B) loss of flexibility in the skin and clogging of arteries C) increased flexibility and strengthening of the bones D) reduced production of many hormones, especially estrogen
B) loss of flexibility in the skin and clogging of arteries
In longitudinal research, teacher expectations for educational attainment mattered most for __________ students. A) college-bound B) low-SES C) high-SES D) high-status
B) low-SES
Almost without exception, __________. A) young women's vocational aspirations are unaffected by career guidance B) males express greater confidence than females in their science ability C) young women with science talents prefer engineering and computing careers D) young men with science talents prefer careers in biology or health
B) males express greater confidence than females in their science ability
2. The physical changes of the adult years are __________. A) universal in all members of our species B) multidimensional and multidirectional C) similar across all parts of the body D) stagelike—occurring in a predictable sequence
B) multidimensional and multidirectional
According to Holland, people who choose construction, plumbing, or surveying prefer __________. A) working with ideas B) real-world problems C) well-structured tasks D) individual expression
B) real-world problems
Compared with novices, experts __________. A) approach problems with a superficial understanding B) remember and reason more quickly and effectively C) focus on surface features in solving problems D) more often proceed with challenging problems by trial and error
B) remember and reason more quickly and effectively
Research indicates that __________ play(s) a role in the age-related rise in cardiovascular disease. A) unsaturated fat B) saturated fat C) whole grains D) complex carbohydrates
B) saturated fat
When asked about her future vocational choice, 14-year-old Solange says, "I'm good at math and I like solving problems. But I like helping people. So maybe teaching math or working as an engineer would be good." Solange is in the __________ period of vocational development. A) fantasy B) tentative C) realistic D) crystallized
B) tentative
Young people between 25 and 34 are __________. A) most likely to meet a partner at work B) the most avid users of dating sites and apps C) unlikely to use the Internet to meet a partner D) likely to have had 2-4 partners in the past year
B) the most avid users of dating sites and apps
Nadine, an average-weight adult, gained a small amount of weight between the ages of 25 and 50. Nadine should know that __________. A) slight weight gain in adulthood is probably due to underlying health issues B) this is a normal part of aging, resulting from a drop in basal metabolic rate C) weight gain in adulthood is not associated with the same health problems as pediatric weight gain D) obesity is a personal choice and she should decide if she wants to suffer the social discrimination
B) this is a normal part of aging, resulting from a drop in basal metabolic rate
The majority of victims of rape or other forms of sexual coercion are __________, and the perpetrators are usually __________. A) over age 25; under age 25 B) under age 25; men they know well C) under age 25; acquaintances or strangers D) over age 25; sober at the time of the attack
B) under age 25; men they know well
Weight-loss maintainers are more likely than individuals who relapse to __________. A) believe that temporary lifestyle changes are needed B) use social support and to be conscious of their behavior C) restrict saturated fat to no more than 7 percent of their daily caloric intake D) keep their weight-reduction plan to no longer than 25 weeks
B) use social support and to be conscious of their behavior
Which statement about rates of overweight and obesity in the United States is true? A) Overweight children and adolescents typically lose weight between ages 25 and 50. B) First-generation adults have lower odds of becoming obese than their foreign-born counterparts. C) A substantial number of people show large weight gains between ages 25 and 50. D) The overweight rate exceeds the obesity rate, which indicates that the trend is improving.
C) A substantial number of people show large weight gains between ages 25 and 50.
Compared to their traditional-career counterparts, men who choose traditionally female-dominated careers __________. A) are more focused on the social status of their work B) are more gender-typed in their personal life C) are more interested in working with people D) have more conservative social attitudes
C) are more interested in working with people
Which statement about weight loss is true? A) The high value placed on thinness contributes to realistic expectations about body weight. B) Keeping a record of food intake and body weight typically sabotages weight-loss efforts. C) An estimated 25 to 60 percent of normal-weight adults are trying to lose weight. D) Repeat dieters are more likely than weight-loss maintainers to confront problems directly.
C) An estimated 25 to 60 percent of normal-weight adults are trying to lose weight.
Which statement about U.S. death rates and causes of death is true? A) The leading cause of death between 25 and 44 years of age is suicide. B) Homicide death rates rise with age, while disease death rates decline. C) Death rates for all causes exceed those of many other industrialized nations. D) Men between the ages of 25 and 44 are more vulnerable to cancer than women.
C) Death rates for all causes exceed those of many other industrialized nations.
Which statement is true about free-radical damage? A) It triggers biological aging. B) It reduces longevity. C) It increases with age. D) It decreases with age.
C) It increases with age.
Which young adult is least likely to have a college degree? A) Gordon from Canada B) Mi Na from South Korea C) Liane from the United States D) Takeshi from Japan
C) Liane from the United States
Which statement about non-college-bound young adults is true? A) Non-college-bound high school graduates are less likely than youth who drop out to find employment. B) About one-half of U.S. young people with a high school diploma have no current plans to go to college. C) Nearly 20 percent of U.S. recent high school graduates who do not continue their education are unemployed. D) Non-college-bound high school graduates have more work opportunities than high school graduates of several decades ago.
C) Nearly 20 percent of U.S. recent high school graduates who do not continue their education are unemployed.
Which statement about smoking is true? A) Compared to tobacco, marijuana use is much more addictive. B) The largest drop in cigarette use is among women who dropped out of high school. C) Of young people who smoke cigarettes, the overwhelming majority started before age 21. D) Although college students' marijuana use has decreased, their use of cigarettes has risen.
C) Of young people who smoke cigarettes, the overwhelming majority started before age 21.
Which statement about sexual coercion is true? A) Perpetrators are typically from low-SES backgrounds. B) Approximately 9 percent of U.S. women have endured rape. C) People of all SES and ethnic groups are offenders and victims. D) Men who commit rape tend to pursue emotionally intimate relationships.
C) People of all SES and ethnic groups are offenders and victims.
Which athlete's skills will probably peak latest in life? A) Gregor, a sprinter B) Min, a tennis player C) Rose, a long-distance runner D) Han, a high-jumper
C) Rose, a long-distance runner
Vivica, who is African American, and Jolene, who is European American, are both active and eat healthy foods. Which statement is true about their risk of hypertension and heart disease as they age? A) Vivica has a higher risk of hypertension, but Jolene has a higher risk of heart disease. B) Jolene has a higher risk of hypertension, but Vivica has a higher risk of heart disease. C) Vivica has a higher risk of hypertension and heart disease than Jolene. D) Jolene has a higher risk of hypertension and heart disease than Vivica.
C) Vivica has a higher risk of hypertension and heart disease than Jolene.
Which statement about gender stereotypes in vocational choice is true? A) Women write more books than men, but men produce more works of art than women. B) More mathematically talented college women choose engineering over health professions. C) Women remain concentrated in less-well-paid, traditionally feminine professions. D) Women's progress in entering and excelling in male-dominated careers has been swift.
C) Women remain concentrated in less-well-paid, traditionally feminine professions.
In the United States, __________. A) men are substantially more likely than women to report a bisexual orientation B) approximately 2 million adults identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender C) acceptance of sexual minorities is greatest among highly educated people who are low in religiosity D) heterosexual women judge sexual minorities more negatively than do heterosexual men
C) acceptance of sexual minorities is greatest among highly educated people who are low in religiosity
Mounting evidence indicates that free radicals __________. A) multiply nearby cellular material B) trigger biological aging and accelerate the end of life C) are not a major contributor to reduced longevity D) are a major contributor to DNA mutations
C) are not a major contributor to reduced longevity
Senescence __________. A) begins at the moment of conception and accelerates after age 40 B) occurs across all parts of the body at the same time and speed C) begins once body structures reach maximum capacity and efficiency D) occurs because the physical body wears out from use
C) begins once body structures reach maximum capacity and efficiency
The sexual problem most often reported by men is __________. A) lack of interest in sex B) inability to achieve orgasm C) climaxing too early D) a partner's lack of technique
C) climaxing too early
College students who __________ show large cognitive gains. A) engage in campus academics but avoid involvement in extracurricular campus life B) focus on classroom learning rather than civic engagement in their chosen field C) connect their community service experiences with their classroom learning D) interact with racially, ethnically, sexually, and religiously homogeneous peers
C) connect their community service experiences with their classroom learning
Deon likes well-structured tasks and values material possessions. Alecia prefers working with people. According to Holland's six personality types, Deon is __________ and Alecia is __________. A) social; realistic B) investigative; conventional C) conventional; social D) enterprising; artistic
C) conventional; social
T cells __________. A) secrete antibodies that multiply and capture antigens B) are neutralized or destroyed during the immune response C) directly attack foreign substances in the body D) release more antibodies when B cells are present
C) directly attack foreign substances in the body
For young adults, __________ is supported by the specialization that begins with selecting a college major or an occupation. A) relativism B) dualism C) expertise D) pragmatism
C) expertise
Decreased vigor of the immune response seems to be __________. A) caused by the cumulative effects of random events B) caused by the separation of normally bonded protein fibers C) genetically programmed, but intensified by other aging processes D) affected by elevated free-radical activity and increased telomerase
C) genetically programmed, but intensified by other aging processes
At the end of the teenage years, nearly 70 percent of U.S. young people __________. A) report regular heavy drinking B) have used mobile dating apps C) have had sexual intercourse D) report binge drinking during the past month
C) have had sexual intercourse
Lorenzo quit smoking and reduced his alcohol intake. At the same time, he improved his healthy eating behaviors and increased his physical activity. Lorenzo's lifestyle changes are likely to __________. A) decrease telomerase activity B) hasten telomere shortening C) increase telomerase activity D) slow telomere lengthening
C) increase telomerase activity
Victims of rape and other sexual crimes report __________. A) less alcohol and substance use, but more social anxiety B) less fatigue and depression, but more substance abuse C) more symptoms of illness across almost all body systems D) fewer negative health behaviors, like smoking and drinking
C) more symptoms of illness across almost all body systems
Cesar has a body mass index (BMI) of 27. Cesar is __________. A) on target with regard to BMI B) heavyset, but not overweight C) overweight, but not obese D) an obese adult
C) overweight, but not obese
Nora's grandfather lived to be 87, and her father is still alive at the age of 98. Nora concludes that longevity is inherited and anticipates a very long life. Nora should know that __________. A) there is no reliable data on the heritability of longevity, so the cumulative effects of random events probably contributed to the long lives of her relatives B) the lifespans of fraternal twins are just as similar as the lifespans of identical twins, indicating that longevity is probably not a heritable trait C) rather than inheriting longevity directly, people probably inherit risk and protective factors that influence their chances of dying earlier or later D) the heritability of longevity is high, ranging from .75 to .95 for age at death, indicating that longevity is directly related to genetic factors
C) rather than inheriting longevity directly, people probably inherit risk and protective factors that influence their chances of dying earlier or later
Regular physical activity is linked to __________. A) a slight decline in energy level B) a slight decline in the immune response C) reduced incidence of breast and colon cancer D) production of LDLs and removal of HDLs
C) reduced incidence of breast and colon cancer
One hypothesized cause of age-related DNA and cellular abnormalities is the __________. A) lengthening of telomeres B) production of androgens C) release of free radicals D) increase of synapses
C) release of free radicals
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that no more than 10 percent of total caloric intake be made up of __________. A) whole grains B) proteins C) saturated fat D) unsaturated fat
C) saturated fat
Dr. Castillo focuses her research on postformal thought. She studies how __________ in adulthood. A) personal effort takes precedence over social experiences B) ways of thinking make it harder to accept uncertainties C) thinking becomes increasingly rational and flexible D) thinking is restructured and becomes less practical
C) thinking becomes increasingly rational and flexible
American employers regard recent high school graduates as __________. A) adequately prepared for skilled business and industrial occupations B) adequately prepared for industrial occupations and health professions C) unprepared for skilled business, industrial occupations, and manual trades D) unprepared for low-paid, unskilled jobs typically held by the non-college-bound
C) unprepared for skilled business, industrial occupations, and manual trades
The majority of U.S. 18- to 29-year-olds say they __________. A) have sexual intercourse a few times a year or not at all B) do not want to spend the majority of their lives with one sexual partner C) want to settle down with a mutually exclusive lifetime sexual partner D) approve of extramarital sex
C) want to settle down with a mutually exclusive lifetime sexual partner
Jackson, age 26, started smoking at 16. Recently, he used nasal spray and nicotine gum in an effort to stop smoking and he has not had a cigarette in three weeks. Jackson __________. A) cannot avoid the elevated risk of premature death from cigarettes B) has already reduced his life expectancy by 11-15 years C) will probably start smoking again within six months D) has a 75 percent chance of never smoking again
C) will probably start smoking again within six months
Which statement about the sex lives of American adults is true? A) More men than women report persistent sexual problems. B) Single people have more sex than people who are married or cohabiting. C) Most married adults say they are only somewhat happy with their sex lives. D) As number of sex partners increases, sexual satisfaction declines sharply.
D) As number of sex partners increases, sexual satisfaction declines sharply.
Which statement about Americans and exercise is true? A) Nearly 80 percent of Americans are unaware of the health benefits of exercise. B) Only 24 percent of young adults engage in 150 minutes per week of at least moderately intense physical activity. C) Almost 50 percent of young adults engage in the recommended two sessions per week of resistance exercises. D) In early adulthood, about 40 percent of Americans are inactive, with no regular brief sessions of even light activity.
D) In early adulthood, about 40 percent of Americans are inactive, with no regular brief sessions of even light activity.
Which adult is the most likely to engage in commitment within relativism? A) Adam, a 20-year-old college sophomore B) Rainer, a 22-year-old mechanic C) Helena, a 24-year-old retail clerk D) Nadia, a 26-year-old graduate student
D) Nadia, a 26-year-old graduate student
__________ of Millennials approve of legalized same-sex marriage. A) Almost one-third B) Just over half C) Just under two-thirds D) Nearly three-fourths
D) Nearly three-fourths
Which statement about cognitive development in early adulthood is true? A) Pruning of synapses progresses at a faster pace in early adulthood than in adolescence. B) Growth and myelination of stimulated neural fibers progress at a faster pace than in adolescence. C) The prefrontal cognitive-control network becomes imbalanced with the brain's emotional/social network. D) The cognitive changes of early adulthood are supported by further development of the prefrontal cortex.
D) The cognitive changes of early adulthood are supported by further development of the prefrontal cortex.
Which adult is the most likely to be obese? A) Jenn, a European American B) Jasmine, a Hispanic American C) Victoria, a Native American D) Veronica, an African American
D) Veronica, an African American
Which statement is true about stress in early adulthood? A) Young adults are better than middle-aged and older adults at coping with stress. B) Early adulthood is marked as one of the least stressful times of life. C) Psychological stress has little impact on physical health in early adulthood. D) Young adults more often report depressive symptoms than middle-aged people.
D) Young adults more often report depressive symptoms than middle-aged people.
In surveys of American adults over the past four decades, __________. A) approval of extramarital sex remained consistently high B) approval of extramarital sex increased after the mid-2000s C) acceptance of premarital sex remained consistently low D) acceptance of premarital sex rose sharply after the mid-2000s
D) acceptance of premarital sex rose sharply after the mid-2000s
The immune response is the combined work of specialized cells that neutralize or destroy __________ in the body. A) T cells B) B cells C) telomeres D) antigens
D) antigens
Darlene has heavy deposits of plaque containing cholesterol and fats collected on the walls of her main arteries. Darlene has __________. A) hypertension B) osteoporosis C) arrhythmia D) atherosclerosis
D) atherosclerosis
Most Americans eat __________. A) to maintain the body's functions B) the recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables C) the right amount, but the wrong types of food D) because they feel like it or it is time to do so
D) because they feel like it or it is time to do so
Alcohol dependency is more likely in cultures where alcohol is __________. A) regularly served to and around minors B) a traditional part of ceremonial activities C) a common part of religious activities D) carefully controlled and a sign of adulthood
D) carefully controlled and a sign of adulthood
When Imelda considers which of five movies most deserves an Oscar, she moves beyond the stance that everything is a matter of opinion and generates rational criteria against which the movies can be evaluated. Imelda is engaged in __________. A) dualistic thinking B) relativistic thinking C) pragmatic thought D) commitment within relativistic thinking
D) commitment within relativistic thinking
Doyle wants to protect the health of his endocrine system. The safest approach for Doyle is __________. A) increasing his body fat B) hormone therapy C) genetic reconstruction D) diet and physical activity
D) diet and physical activity
Atherosclerosis typically develops __________. A) during middle or late adulthood B) more slowly after sexual maturity C) very rapidly before age 35, leading to sudden heart failure D) early in life and progresses during middle adulthood
D) early in life and progresses during middle adulthood
College students who are __________ are more likely to graduate. A) from lower-SES families B) emotionally dependent on their parents C) not involved in campus social organizations D) from families that value a college education
D) from families that value a college education
During the realistic period of vocational development, the first step is often __________, and the final phase is __________. A) examining abilities and values; reality B) fantasizing about the career; examining ability C) crystallization; fantasizing about other careers D) further exploration; crystallization
D) further exploration; crystallization
Jin is a male librarian. Which individual is the most likely to be critical of Jin's career choice? A) his female supervisor B) his male co-worker C) his female friend D) his male friend
D) his male friend
January engages in regular exercise. As a result, January is __________. A) more likely to develop diabetes B) likely to have higher blood pressure C) likely to recover slower from a cold D) less likely to catch a cold or the flu
D) less likely to catch a cold or the flu
In a study examining the importance of academic engagement in college for successful transition to the labor market, researchers found that __________. A) senior-year collegiate learning scores were unrelated to success at securing jobs requiring bachelor's level skills B) successful graduates were unaware of a link between collegiate learning and post-college success C) students with high collegiate learning scores found it hard to articulate the benefits of their college experience D) most participants gained little in collegiate learning during their four years of college
D) most participants gained little in collegiate learning during their four years of college
Family and friends can help a dieter by __________. A) keeping track of what the dieter eats and noting when he or she goes off the diet B) pointing out how the extra weight prevents people from leading an active lifestyle C) avoiding discussions about food and limiting the dieter's social invitations D) offering encouragement, which helps foster the dieter's self-esteem and self-efficacy
D) offering encouragement, which helps foster the dieter's self-esteem and self-efficacy
Telomeres __________. A) lengthen with age, allowing the cells to duplicate B) accelerate somatic mutations, such as those involved in cancer C) lie directly in the middle of chromosomes D) protect the ends of chromosomes from destruction
D) protect the ends of chromosomes from destruction
Physical changes of aging begin in the __________ system in the late thirties, accelerate in the fifties, and slow in the seventies. A) cardiovascular B) reproductive C) nervous D) skeletal
D) skeletal