CHAP 15
Which of the following is true? Indonesia does not use much coal, as it must be imported. Indonesia has substantial coal reserves but does not use them in country. Indonesia uses a lot of coal in part because it has substantial coal reserves. While Indonesia uses a lot of coal, much of it is imported.
Indonesia uses a lot of coal in part because it has substantial coal reserves.
Which of the following is the reason the Paris Agreement had a goal of reducing the use of coal? It is too expensive to transport. It is too expensive to mine. It will be depleted in most countries by 2030. It is a large emitter of greenhouse gases.
It is too expensive to transport.
All of the following, are forms of renewable energy EXCEPT: solar. wind. coal. geothermal. tidal.
coal.
What term describes the ability to obtain a given result while using less energy? View Available Hint(s) cogeneration energy efficiency conservation CAFE standards
energy efficiency
Which of the following is a method to gain additional power from coal? View Available Hint(s) gasification hydraulic fracturing pyrolysis carbon storage
gasification
Organizations like OPEC have formed ________. to ensure that developing nations get their fair share of fossil fuels in order to take maximum advantage of developed nations dependence on imported oil to protect their national members' petroleum reserves for their own use to develop technologies to conserve non-renewable energy resources as a military alliance to protect developed nations' energy reserves
in order to take maximum advantage of developed nations dependence on imported oil
Compare the two essays to predict how each author would respond to the other author's main argument. Boyd: A domestic oil supply is better for our energy security than importing foreign oil (to avoid drilling in ANWR). Wayland: Although Alaska does have other wilderness areas, ANWR is special because its Coastal Plain is low in biodiversity. Wayland: 10 billion barrels of oil may sound like a lot of oil but the oil would be so expensive to extract that our gas prices would increase immediately. Boyd: We don't need more wilderness. Most of Alaska is already wilderness. What we need is more oil.
Boyd: We don't need more wilderness. Most of Alaska is already wilderness. What we need is more oil.
Secondary extraction of petroleum ________. allows the oil to be extracted to the last drop uses solvents, water, or steam is less expensive than primary extraction occurs immediately after primary extraction causes less environmental damage than tertiary extraction
uses solvents, water, or steam
Efficiency of coal-fired power plants can be nearly doubled by ________. using coal with higher sulfur content using household wastes along with the coal using cogeneration switching to oil adding wood chips to the coal
using cogeneration
First developed in the ________, nuclear power showed the most growth during the ________. 1950s; 1970s and 1980s 1940s; 1950s 1980s; 1990s 1960s; 1990s 1930s; 1950s
1950s; 1970s and 1980s
Part APart complete What is the amount of time that it takes for the radiation in a sample of uranium-235 waste to be reduced by half? View Available Hint(s) 10 years 500 years 1 million years 700 million years
700 million years
Which of the following countries exports the most oil to the United States? View Available Hint(s) Saudi Arabia Venezuela Kuwait Canada
Canada
If trends since 2012 continue, which of the following countries will use the most coal? United States Russia India China
China
Which country leads the world in coal production and consumption by extracting and consuming approximately half of the world's annual coal yield? United States Canada India China Russia
China
As of now, the Fukushima accident indicates that which of the following is most accurate when it comes to radiation exposure? Homeostatic recovery Homeopathic sensitivity Radiation hormesis Linear no-threshold model
DONT KNOW
The future of green, renewable energy in Indonesia appears to rely the least on which of the following? solar wind hydropower geothermal
DONT KNOW
What does the moderator do in a nuclear fission reactor? View Available Hint(s) It provides the neutrons used in the nuclear chain reaction. It dissolves the fuel rods so that the uranium atoms can more easily interact. It absorbs excess neutrons so that the chain reaction does not get out of control. It slows down the neutrons so that they can react with the nucleus of a uranium atom.
DONT KNOW
Which of the following is true? In a typical year, about half of all people are exposed to radiation. In a typical year, about three-quarters of all people are exposed to radiation. In a typical year, all people are exposed to radiation. In a typical year, most people are not exposed to any radiation.
DONT KNOW
Karen Wayland discusses her rationale for not drilling in ANWR. Review the statements below to identify one of her reasons. The ANWR Coastal Plain has low biodiversity and thus needs protection. Oil from ANWR would lower gas prices by $0.25 per gallon. The oil reserves in ANWR contain only enough oil for 10 years of U.S. oil needs. Drilling for oil would require an extensive network of roads, pipelines, and airstrips, all of which would be harmful to the ecosystem.
Drilling for oil would require an extensive network of roads, pipelines, and airstrips, all of which would be harmful to the ecosystem.
Which of the following is most likely to support stricter federal regulations on fracking? Chesapeake Energy Corporation Energy In Depth Environmental Defense Fund Independent Petroleum Association of America
Environmental Defense Fund
Part of the debate about drilling for oil in ANWR centers on our national dependence on imported oil. Which of the following scenarios would decrease our foreign oil needs without using ANWR oil? Discovery of new oil reserves in Canada Declining oil production in North Sea oil Federal policy mandating increased fuel efficiency for cars and trucks An increase in vehicle miles traveled per person
Federal policy mandating increased fuel efficiency for cars and trucks
Which of the following statements accurately describes nuclear fusion reactors? View Available Hint(s) Fusion would be a more advanced technology if governments had provided some money for research or if attempts to develop it were more than just a few years old. Fusion reactions can fuse three isotopes of hydrogen into one helium. Nuclear fusion occurs in Earth's crust. Fusion reactions require very high temperatures.
Fusion reactions require very high temperatures.
Which of the following currently appears to be the best option for protecting groundwater in areas where fracking is taking place? Take the steel out of intermediate casings. Increase the use of intermediate casings. Take the cement out of intermediate casings. Eliminate the use of intermediate casings.
Increase the use of intermediate casings.
The bars on the graph are not of equal width. What does the width of each bar represent? the amount of energy saved by an investment, in kilowatts per year the cost of conserved energy for each investment, in dollars per kilowatt-hour the cost-effectiveness of each energy investment the amount of energy saved by an investment, in kilowatt-hours per year
the amount of energy saved by an investment, in kilowatt-hours per year
What does the y-axis show? the amount of energy saved, in kilowatt-hours per year the cost of an energy investment the current price of energy, in dollars per kilowatt-hour the cost of conserved energy, in dollars per kilowatt-hour
the cost of conserved energy, in dollars per kilowatt-hour
What is energy intensity? View Available Hint(s) the use of LED rather than incandescent light bulbs the energy use per dollar of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) the capturing of excess heat during electrical generation a measure of the reduction of wasteful or unnecessary energy use
the energy use per dollar of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
What was the primary cause of the decline in oil prices in 2016 to only one quarter of the prices in 2008? the war against ISIS energy conservation and the use of renewable technologies a typographical error in a Black Friday sale ad the oil supply glut caused by fracking a prolonged peace in the Middle East
the oil supply glut caused by fracking
What environmental problem that contributes to global warming is addressed by using amine solutions to treat the fumes of a coal-burning power plant? View Available Hint(s) the production of acid rain the release of heat into the atmosphere the production of fine carbon particles and ash the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
When did the use of coal for cooking, heating, and other purposes begin? View Available Hint(s) with the industrial revolution in the 1700s, by people who needed cooking fuel sources thousands of years ago, by Native Americans (and other ancient cultures)
thousands of years ago, by Native Americans (and other ancient cultures)
The United States and other industrialized nations devote about one-third of their oil use to __________. View Available Hint(s) heating homes transportation agriculture
transportation
Which of the following energy investments would be cost-effective to install? ground source heat pump solar hot water heating gas stove triple paned windows
triple paned windows
If the cost of energy rose to $.18 per kilowatt-hour, which of the following would be true? The cost-effectiveness of all the investments would remain the same. Installing triple paned windows would no longer be cost-effective. Investing in a solar hot water heating and a ground source heat pump would become cost-effective. Investing in a ground source heat pump and a gas stove would become cost-effective.
Investing in a solar hot water heating and a ground source heat pump would become cost-effective.
During peak usage, what happens to the cost of electricity? It almost always increases. It depends on the time of the year. Cost of electricity always stays the same. It depends on where the power plant is located. It almost always decreases.
It almost always increases.
You are a toxicologist and discover that 2BE has the same effects in humans as in rodents. What does it do to humans? It causes blindness. It has no effect. It causes skin rashes. It causes tumors.
It causes tumors.
Which of the following is true regarding 2BE? It has been banned in the U.S. It is found in many household products. It is also approved for use as an insecticide. It is used only for fracking.
It is found in many household products.
Of the five countries shown, ________ have essentially no domestic oil production. the United States and Germany Japan and Germany Iran and Saudi Arabia Japan and the United States Germany and the United States
Japan and Germany
What compound that results from hydraulic fracturing can contaminate groundwater? View Available Hint(s) Sulfur dioxide Methane Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide
Methane
Which of the following is a nonrenewable energy source? View Available Hint(s) Solar energy Electricity Ocean energy Natural gas
Natural gas
When it comes to radiation exposure, you agree with the linear no-threshold model. What do you believe? A small amount of radiation is safe. Any amount of radiation is safe. A moderate amount of radiation is safe. No amount of radiation is safe.
No amount of radiation is safe.
What is the current status of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in the United States? Many coal power plants are currently voluntarily retrofitting their systems to capture carbon emissions. The U.S. government is currently requiring all coal power plants to institute carbon capture and storage technologies by the year 2025. Carbon is now captured and converted to plastics at most coal power plants in the United States. The rejection of Yucca Mountain as a carbon storage site has resulted in coal power plants storing carbon on-site until a permanent storage location can be approved. Technologies are not sufficiently reliable, and it is currently too energetically expensive for coal power plants to capture and store their carbon emissions.
Technologies are not sufficiently reliable, and it is currently too energetically expensive for coal power plants to capture and store their carbon emissions.
One point of disparity between the essays concerned native Eskimos. Each author mentions only the tribe that fits with his or her point of view. Identify the correct combination of tribe and viewpoint. The Gwich'in depends on caribou that live in ANWR. The Gwich'in desire oil industry jobs and income. The Inupiat support "wilderness" status for ANWR. The Inupiat are not in favor of drilling.
The Gwich'in depends on caribou that live in ANWR.
Which of the following tends to be true in Indonesia? Neither the citizens nor the government support the use of coal. The citizens and government support the use of coal. While the government supports the use of coal, the citizens do not. While the citizens support the use of coal, the government does not.
The citizens and government support the use of coal.
Which of the following appears most likely in the next decade? Use of coal will increase in developed and developing countries. Use of coal will increase in developed countries and decrease in developing countries. Use of coal will decrease in developed and developing countries. Use of coal will decrease in developed countries and increase in developing countries.
Use of coal will decrease in developed countries and increase in developing countries.
How is the energy produced by nuclear fission used to produce electricity? View Available Hint(s) The fission process produces a strong magnetic field that moves electrons through loops of copper wire, thus making electricity. Water in the containment vessel is kept under high pressure and heat from the fission reactions that heat it to well over boiling. This is then used to boil another loop of water, which turns a turbine that drives a generator and makes electricity. The radiation is used to make plasma, which is harnessed directly for electricity. Electrons from the fission are absorbed by spools of copper wire and generate electricity.
Water in the containment vessel is kept under high pressure and heat from the fission reactions that heat it to well over boiling. This is then used to boil another loop of water, which turns a turbine that drives a generator and makes electricity.
Which of the following is least likely to fully support the U.S. Clean Power Plan? President Obama Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis World Coal Association Sierra Club
World Coal Association
You are the CEO of a coal company in Indonesia. You commit to selling coal to the PLN through 2020. Which of the following is true? You know the price will fluctuate wildly. You know the highest price you will get. You know the government will not pay for the coal. You know the lowest price you will get.
You know the highest price you will get.
What is the cost of conserved energy for compact fluorescent lighting? about $.02 per kilowatt-hour about $.08 per kilowatt-hour about $.12 per kilowatt-hour about 1,500 kilowatt-hours per year
about $.08 per kilowatt-hour
How much energy would be saved by adding insulation to ceilings? about $0.06 per kilowatt-hour about 2,000 kilowatt-hours/year about 3,000 kilowatt-hours/year about 5,000 kilowatt-hours/year
about 2,000 kilowatt-hours/year
How much energy would the family save by investing in all of the features that are cost-effective at the current price of energy? about $.12 per kilowatt-hour about $.13 per kilowatt-hour about 7,000 kilowatt-hours per year about 9,000 kilowatt-hours per year about 13,000 kilowatt-hours per year
about 9,000 kilowatt-hours per year
Which of these energy investments is the least expensive to install? solar hot water heating triple paned windows adding insulation to ceilings cannot be determined from the graph
adding insulation to ceilings
All of the following are standard steps at a coal-fired power plant in the United States EXCEPT: heating. rotation of a turbine. cooling. pulverization of coal. carbon capture.
carbon capture.
Many pollutants from coal-fired power plants are properly managed today. Which of the following is currently considered to be the biggest threat to the environment? methane gas nitrous oxide oxygen sulfur dioxide carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide
Once the carbon dioxide is captured from the fumes of a coal-burning power plant, something must be done with it. The option with the least environmental impact involves releasing the carbon dioxide into __________. View Available Hint(s) the oceans frozen lakes during the winter months the air deep underground caverns
deep underground caverns
The practice of reducing wasteful or unnecessary energy use is called ________. energy switching cogeneration energy conservation energy efficiency technology reduction
energy conservation
Where is electricity made at a coal-fired power plant? control room cooling tower silo generator boiler
generator
What climate is most associated with acid rain? humid continental (dry winters, cool summer) polar subarctic midlatitude steppe humid continental (without dry season, cool summer)
humid continental (without dry season, cool summer)
Which of the following is a renewable energy source? View Available Hint(s) oil coal natural gas by-products of the formation of coal and oil hydropower
hydropower
Where is radioactive contamination primarily found in Russia? in areas of relatively low population density in areas of relatively high population density in the tundra in remote regions along the coasts
in areas of relatively high population density
In the United States, per capita energy use ________, and energy intensity ________. was stable from 1950 to 1970 but has since increased sharply; has been increasing since 1950 increased sharply from 1950 to the 1970s but has since declined; decreased from 1950 to the 1970s but has since increased increased sharply from 1950 to the 1970s but has since declined; has been declining since 1970 has been increasing since 1950; has been declining since 1950 has been increasing since 1950; has also been increasing since 1950
increased sharply from 1950 to the 1970s but has since declined; has been declining since 1970
The oil spill resulting from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster ________. is considered a minor incident compared to other oil spills resulted in a permanent ban on all offshore drilling in U.S. coastal waters is the largest accidental oil spill in world history eclipsed all non-point oil spills by 500% was quickly cleaned up, preventing loss of wildlife and damage to fisheries along the Gulf Coast
is the largest accidental oil spill in world history
Scientists currently assessing the environmental impacts of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico report that ________. the damage was limited to wildlife kills immediately after the spill it may take years or decades before the full impacts are known Gulf productivity has already returned to normal and no further effects will be felt the entire Gulf food web will eventually collapse the coastal marshes of Louisiana suffered no measurable damage
it may take years or decades before the full impacts are known
Which of the following is least likely to be increasingly used to generate electricity as coal-fired power plants are phased out? nuclear power natural gas oil wind power
oil
One-quarter of Scotland's electricity is generated by the third-largest coal-fired power station in Europe. In just three minutes, this power plant uses __________ of coal. View Available Hint(s) 4 billion tons 4 million tons one train car (wagon) 1,000 pounds
one train car (wagon)
All fossil fuels, including coal, are considered an indirect form of ____________ energy. solar nuclear geothermal wind renewable
solar
Use MapMaster to determine which natural region is most associated with poor urban air quality. mountain tundra desert and semidesert taiga steppe
steppe
What is Hubbert's peak? View Available Hint(s) The source of the world's largest anthracite coal deposit A prediction, based on rates of extraction and new discovery, of when a country's or global oil production will be at a maximum and then start to fall A statistical maximum value that can be charged for a gallon of gas before people start buying more fuel-efficient vehicles The temperature and pressure at which the highest-quality petroleum forms
A prediction, based on rates of extraction and new discovery, of when a country's or global oil production will be at a maximum and then start to fall
What is bitumen? View Available Hint(s) A thick type of petroleum formed in clay and sand A vitamin-enriched form of coal A rare form of uranium A bitter form of crude oil eaten by birds
A thick type of petroleum formed in clay and sand
What correlation exists between acid rain and human population density in Russia? Acid rain is not correlated with population density. Acid rain is more prevalent in regions that contain high population density. Acid rain is more prevalent in regions that contain low population density. Acid rain is prevalent throughout Russia. This cannot be determined from the map.
Acid rain is more prevalent in regions that contain high population density.
How does a coal-fired power plant use the energy in coal to produce electricity? View Available Hint(s) Burning coal heats water and creates steam that turns the blades of a turbine and generates electricity. Burning coal heats air that spins the blades of a turbine and produces electricity. Burning coal generates light that is converted into electricity. Burning coal heats wires to very high temperatures, which then generate electricity.
Burning coal heats water and creates steam that turns the blades of a turbine and generates electricity.
When generating equal amounts of energy, which of the following is true? It is unknown how much carbon dioxide would be produced if burning coal or natural gas. Burning coal produces more carbon dioxide than burning natural gas. Burning natural gas produces the same amount of carbon dioxide as burning coal. Burning natural gas produces more carbon dioxide than burning coal.
Burning coal produces more carbon dioxide than burning natural gas.
From which of the nations below did the United States import the most crude oil in 2012? Iran Canada Kuwait Saudi Arabia Iraq
Canada
Polluted rivers are a major issue primarily in which part of Russia? central Russia eastern Russia southern Russia western Russia River pollution is prominent throughout Russia.
River pollution is prominent throughout Russia.
The country with the largest amount of domestic oil available for sale on the international market is ________. the United States Iran Germany Japan Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia
Which of the following is one of the two methods for mining oil shale? View Available Hint(s) Strip mining Surface drilling Fire treating Deep-sea drilling
Strip mining
In his essay Ken Boyd gives his rationale for Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) oil drilling. Which of the following statements is one of his reasons? The federal government owns 64% of Alaska, and 56% of that land is official "wilderness," so ANWR is not needed as additional "wilderness." The native Inupiat Eskimo people would receive all of the oil revenue from the area. Drilling in ANWR will quadruple the amount of oil Alaska is currently producing. Ignoring domestic energy supplies will lead to greater energy security.
The federal government owns 64% of Alaska, and 56% of that land is official "wilderness," so ANWR is not needed as additional "wilderness."
Which of the following is a problem when it comes to studying the effects of radiation? There have been too many clinical trials on humans. There are no clinical trials being done on humans. Clinical trials on humans have conflicting results. Most clinical trials on humans include manipulated data.
There are no clinical trials being done on humans.
What color smoke coming from a coal-fired power plant would indicate wasted fuel? clear black green red white
black
Chevron decides to frack near your home. Which of the following are they interested in obtaining? coal water natural gas oil
natural gas
The results from Fukushima would be most applicable if a similar accident occurred at which of the following? nuclear waste storage facility nuclear weapons demanufacturing facility nuclear weapons facility nuclear power plant
nuclear power plant
Alaskans benefit from the trans-Alaska pipeline because Alaska's state constitution requires approximately 25% of state revenues associated with the oil industry to be placed into a monetary fund called the Permanent Fund, which ________. pays yearly dividends to all Alaska residents is divided equally among the politicians in the state for running their offices pays for education of native Alaskans through scholarships is used as a main source of funds to reduce environmental damage is used for social infrastructure, such as hospitals, roads, and schools
pays yearly dividends to all Alaska residents
Read the following scenario and answer the question(s) below. In Johannesburg, South Africa, the South West Township (Soweto) was one of several areas established early in the last century for blacks to live away from the white ruling minority. On the hills surrounding Soweto, the company that provides South Africa's electricity, Eskom, built a large coal-burning power plant. The electricity was for white areas of Johannesburg, miles away from the plant. The residents of Soweto had no electrical connections. The fact that there is a high sulfur content of the coal burned in South African power plants means that the ________. power plants emit high levels of radioactive pollution power plants contribute to acidic deposition coal is very expensive, forcing most poor people to go without electricity coal is very inexpensive, leading to an improved economy power plants burn cleanly, with little pollution
power plants contribute to acidic deposition
Crude oil is ________. formed in a wide range of temperature and pressure circumstances composed of less than ten different hydrocarbon molecules usable in its raw form refined to separate the chemicals used for gasoline, lubricants, plastics, and other products formed less than 100 yards below the surface; in deeper places with more pressure, coal is formed
refined to separate the chemicals used for gasoline, lubricants, plastics, and other products
Read the following scenario and answer the question(s) below. In Johannesburg, South Africa, the South West Township (Soweto) was one of several areas established early in the last century for blacks to live away from the white ruling minority. On the hills surrounding Soweto, the company that provides South Africa's electricity, Eskom, built a large coal-burning power plant. The electricity was for white areas of Johannesburg, miles away from the plant. The residents of Soweto had no electrical connections. Along with many other governmental reforms that began in 1994, the electrical plant just outside Soweto was closed in 2000, and other plants were brought into use. Some parts of Soweto were then wired for electricity. It is estimated, however, that only about 30% of the more than 1.2 million black inhabitants have electricity in their homes; the remainder either cannot afford the costs involved or live in areas that have no electrical access. These inhabitants probably use ________ for fuel. wood and coal natural gas and backyard windmills natural gas and solar cells charcoal and candles gas-powered home generators
wood and coal
