chap 15 world geo ASH

as ships plied the oceans loaded with british goods, britain became known as ___________________.

"the workshop of the world"

what is Great Britain's relative location?

-To the south you have the English Channel which connects the Atlantic ocean to the North Sea -To the east you have the North Sea -To the west you have a passage way that separates Ireland from England -To the north you have the Atlantic Ocean

for how many years was england ahead of the world?

100

how long did the romans stay in england?

70-80 CE

how much of the region's population lives in england?

80%

when and why did great britain become a world super power?

Britain became a world super power in the 19th century because of the industrial revolution

capital of Wales

Cardiff

which out of england, scotland, and wales was and is still the most dominant culture?

England

what does Great Britain consist of?

England, Scotland, and Wales

who took their place?

Germany and the USA was going to pass them up in terms of economic advantages because both nations had coal and iron

describe the relationship of great Britain and the united kingdom

Great Britain is the whole larger island United Kingdom is the whole larger island plus northern island which is located on the other smaller island

what is the capital of the UK?

London

why did London become one of the greatest commercial and shipping cities in the world?

London is located on the Thames River. Since the Thames valley was formed, the level of the Atlantic ocean has risen. The result is an estuary. Thus, ships could sail directly up to the port of London.

how has london's location made it one of the most important commercial cities in the world?

London is located on the Thames river only 70 miles from the sea the estuary that the Thames created allows ships to sail directly to the port of london

what draws many visitors to the southern uplands?

Medieval abbeys and low, hilly landscapes draw many visitors to the region

explain why England was once the "workshop of the world," but today it is no longer a leading exporter of manufactured goods.

Much of England's coal supply was depleted during the industrial revolution, which caused the USA and Germany to pass them up because they had coal. The USA and Germany were making just as much steel as England but because of this and England's depletion of coal, the USA and Germany got ahead of them.

GB business

Not so much into heavy industry anymore but they do still have some manufacturing that has to be shipped to and from markets

which tribe was more powerful? the Angles or the Saxons?

Saxons

what happened in 1997 regarding Scotland and England?

Scottish voters approved the creation of a new Scottish parliament

what did the British parliament do regarding Scottish freedom?

The British parliament voted to give them an opportunity to hold a referendum to see if the Scottish people want freedom

what is england like today?

Today, England has abandoned big, heavy industry and is now working on tertiary economic activities. Tourism, hotels, and services are making the most money for the country.

Hadrian's Wall

Wall across northern England that marks the northern most point that the Romans conquered

what was London at the time of the birth of Christ?

a Roman fortress

england's highlands

a band of hills running the length of England's west coast many weathered down rock formations difficult land to farm

the highlands of england

a band of hills running the length of England's west coast that contain weathered rocks in the north

estuary

a flooded valley at the wide mouth of a river

the highlands of scotland

a large, plateau with many lakes, called lochs, which were carved by retreating glaciers the Grampian mountains cut across the region both coasts are etched deeply by the sea with inlets called firths covered with moors the moors are dotted with bogs lots of rainfall over the moors because of steady winds off the coast of the atlantic ocean damp soil limits plant growth to grasses and low shrubs

scots

a proud people they really do need england, so being independent wouldn't work for them

describe england

a wealthy and powerful tiny country

fertile

able to produce abundant crops

how much land did the romans conquer on the island of great britain?

all of england and wales but none of scotland

why was the Mediterranean sea at first the center of trade in europe?

because of the influence of the roman empire

when did they lose their edge?

by the 1900s

the southern uplands of scotland

closest to the English border primarily a sheep- raising region the Cheviot hills, the highest in the region, give way to rolling plateaus worn down by glaciers

what did they switch to later?

coal as a source of power for the steam engine

what natural resource does britain not have as much of anymore

coal because most of it was used up during the industrial revolution

what is the core of the UK?

england

what is the most denesly populated area in the british isles?

england

as trade across the atlantic increased, what improved?

england's relative location

what are 2 industries in Great Britain?

fishing trading

what are the big economic activities in the highlands?

fishing and sheep herding some people produce a type of handwoven, woolen cloth called tweed

who were the Angles and the Saxons?

german tribes

what 2 nations challenged britain's economic standing?

germany usa

what is the largest island in europe?

great britain

what is the largest island in the british isles?

great britain

where do local sheep- raising farmers keep the wool?

in the Tweed river valley woolen mills

when did industry come to the central lowlands?

in the early 1800s

when and what allowed europeans to push westward across the atlantic ocean?

in the late 1400s improved ships and navigational devices

where are most of england's productive farms located?

in the lowlands

where do the scots get their oil?

in the north sea

what has been decreasing in british economy lately?

inflation and unemployment rates

what natural resource does britain have a lot of?

iron ore

what sets Wales apart from England?

it has its own capital city, postage stamps, flag, and language

is London an old city or is it relatively new?

it's very old

what has played a huge role in Great Britain's past and present?

its island location

what made britain the world's industrial leader for years?

its plentiful supply of raw materials and its position on the major sea routes

scotland's physical characteristics

land is rugged evidence of glaciers

how much of the UK's population lives in Scotland?

less than 10%

what type of fields lay along the edges of the Pennine mountains?

major coal fields

what type of weather/ climate is good for raising sheep and dairy/ beef cattle?

marine west coast

northern england

more sparsely populated Where the Moores are located Relatively high elevation Not mountainous Vast acres of empty, dry grassland Do some sheep farming there today Some old mountain ranges are there but they have been eroded so they aren't too tall Not suitable farmland

how much of the land area in the UK does Scotland occupy?

nearly 1/3

how many scottish people live in the central lowlands?

nearly 75%

is british industry still as prosperous today?

nope

what has britain turned to sine the 1970s?

oil and gas deposits beneath the floor of the North Sea as a source for fuel tertiary economic activity: finance, insurance, & tourism

what has brought jobs and money to great britain?

oil in the North Sea

what industries are getting replaced and what new industries are replacing them in scotland?

old: mining, steel making, and shipbuilding new: oil, and technology

ore

rocky material containing a valuable mineral

tertiary economic activities

service industry

how long has wales been united with england?

since the 1200s

how long has heavy industry in Scotland fallen on hard times?

since the mid- 1900s

the central lowlands of scotland

south of the highlands stretches from Glasgow to Edinburgh

the midlands of england

southeast of the highlands where the industrial revolution started rich in coal highest population density

what are the 3 regions of england?

southern lowlands midlands northern england

what happened when the roman's left england?

the Angles and the Saxons came to that land

what physical features separate scotland from england?

the Cheviot Hills the Tweed River

what river in the central lowlands grew to a huge ship building center?

the Clyde River

who played a big role in establishing the uk as the world's leading naval power?

the Clyde shipbuilders

who were the people that predated the romans in england and wales?

the Kelts

who at the same time as the Kelts inhabited Scotland?

the Picts

what and when were Scotland and England united?

the Scottish and English parliaments were united through the Act of Union in 1707

what is another name for the Clyde Valley

the Silicon Glen

what has the uk been reluctant to adopt?

the euro

why have so many residents left the central lowlands since the 1960s?

the loss of jobs because of the hard times heavy industry has gone through

what are the 3 different areas england's landscape is made up of?

the lowlands midlands highlands

british isles

the many islands clustered off the coast of europe

what 3 regions is Scotland separated into?

the northern highlands the central lowlands the southern uplands

what caused the port of London to change rapidly?

the port of london grew rapidly in the 1500s because of changes in patterns of world settlement and trade

what did britain mainly ship out during the 1500s?

the products of its farms

how are Scotland and Wales economies in relation to England's?

they are economically weaker

how did scotland stay culturally different from england during the Act of Union?

they kept important trading and political rights many scots also remained Presbyterian rather than joining the Church of England

what happened as ship builders and merchants earned profits from trade?

they looked for new ways to invest their money

what is the Scot's view on british rule?

they were and still are opposed to it Even today, there is a strong separatist movement in Scotland

the lowlands of england

this land slopes gently towards the english channel and elevations rarely top 1,000 feet very fertile on the english channel coast

england's midlands

to the southeast of the highlands where the industrial revolution started some of england's highest population densities are in the midlands because of the heavy industrialization

england's lowlands

to the southeast of the midlands land slopes towards the english channel elevations rarely top 1,000 ft young softer rock lies below the surface fertile soil

what did british manufacturers first use to run spinning machines?

water power

what did the industrial revolution bring to britain?

wealth changes in the landscape

southern lowlands

where london is located lots of agriculture

midlands

where the industrial revolution started Where the iron and coal mines are Manchester is in there Because of the presence of industry, it is the most densely populated part of England