Chap 26: The Fetal Spine and Musculoskeletal System
A protein produced by the yolk sac and fetal liver that is found in excess in the maternal circulation in the presence of a neural tube defect is:
AFP
Achondroplasia is associated with all of the following except:
Absent mineralization of the skull
An disorder that results in abnormal bone growth and dwarfism is:
Achondroplasia
The most common nonlethal skeletal dysplasia is:
Achondroplasia
The artifact seen posterior to solid structures such as fetal bone is referred to as:
Acoustic Shadowing
The disorder associated with fetal amputations is:
Amniotic band syndrome
The lemon sign denotes:
An abnormal shape of the fetal skull
The group of fetal head and brain abnormalities that often coexists with spina bifida is referred to as:
Arnold-Chiari II malformation
The form of inheritance in which at least one parent has to be a carrier of an abnormal gene for it to be passed to the fetus is:
Autosomal dominant
In VACTERL association, the letter "C" stands for:
Cardiac
Talipes equine aria is associated with;
Clubfoot
The abnormal lateral ventricle shape in which there is a small frontal horn and enlarged occipital horn is referred to as:
Colpocephaly
All of the following are clinical or sonographic findings consistent with LBWC except:
Decreased MSAFP
All of the following are characteristics of spina bodies occulata except:
Elevated MSAFP
All of the following are associated with spina bifida except:
Enlarged posterior fossa
What is the maternal dietary system that has been shown to significantly reduce the likelihood of the fetus suffering from a neural tube defect?
Folate
What is the anomaly of the spine in which there is absence of all or part of a vertebral body and posterior element?
Hemivertebra
In VACTERL association, the letter "L" stands for:
Limb
What abnormality results in limitation of the fetal limbs as a result of joint contractures?
Massa intermedia
All of the following are characteristic sonographic findings of achodrogenesis except:
Multiple dislocated joints
All of the following are characteristics of spina bifida cystica expect:
Normal MSAFP
A bell-shaped chest and multiple fetal fractures are indicative of:
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Upon sonographic interrogation of a 28-week pregnancy, you note that when pressure is applied to the fetal skull, the skull can easily be distorted. This is sonographic evidence of:
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Absent long bones with the hands and feet arising from the shoulders and hips describe:
Phocomelia
Sonographically, you visualize a mass extending from the distal spine of a fetus. This mass could be all the following except:
Phocomeningocele
Which of the following would increase the likelihood of a fetus developing sirenomella and caudal regression syndrome?
Preexisting maternal diabetes
Absence of the radius is referred to as:
Radial ray defect
All of the following are signs of Arnold-Chiari II malformation except:
S-shaped spine
The exaggerated distance between the first toe and second toe is:
Sandal gap
Rhizomelia denotes:
Shortening of an entire limb
What condition is associated with bilateral renal agenesis, oligiohydraminos and fusion of the lower extremities?
Sirenomella
Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is referred to as:
Splaying
What term is defined as fusion of the digits?
Syndactyl
All of the following are associated with amniotic band syndrome except:
Synechiae
Which of the following is true for the diagnosis of club foot?
The metarsals and toes lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibula
An absent sacrum and coccyx is referred to as:
caudal regression syndrome
The condition associated with the absence of the sacrum and coccyx:
caudal regression syndrome
Sirenomelia is commonly referred to as:
mermaid syndrome
A cloverleaf skull and hydrocephalus is seen with:
thanatophoric dysplasia
